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1.
低油脂红心甘薯薯片的常压油炸工艺研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
研究了红心薯片的常压油炸工艺,结果表明：(1)薯片护色条件为NaHSO30.10%＋柠檬酸0.10％浸泡5 min,而后在95～100℃的热水烫漂3 min;(2)脱水温度为60℃,120 min,即油炸前半成品的含水率控制在42％左右;(3)冻结温度为-32℃,时间控制30 min;(4)甘薯薯片的最佳油炸条件为油炸温度170℃,油炸时间1 min,料油比1∶5～1∶4。 依此工艺油炸的薯片,色泽橙红,整片酥脆,气泡均匀,外形美观,油脂含量低于15％。  相似文献   

2.
水酶法提取大豆油脂的中试研究   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  
为了提高水酶法油脂提取率,该文进行水酶法提取大豆油脂的中试和循环酶解试验,验证小试和扩大试验的酶解和破乳参数对中试油脂提取率的影响,并研究循环酶解过程中循环次数及酶添加量对油脂提取率影响和中试工艺中大豆油脂的品质。以大豆为原料,由水酶法提取大豆油的中试得出:脱皮大豆比未脱皮大豆有助于提高油脂提取率和破乳率(P0.05,油脂提取率:脱皮61.85%,未脱皮56.91%;破乳率:脱皮92.01%,未脱皮90.42%)。通过主成分分析可知:大豆油脂的质量分数、离心后游离油和乳状液的质量分数、蛋白质的质量分数和乳状液中水分都是影响油脂提取率的关键因素。采用中试工艺1(1次提取,2次离心,1次破乳)进行循环酶解,随着循环试验次数增加,油脂提取率逐渐增大,在第4次时达到最大值66.46%±0.28%。通过检测大豆油脂的特征值可知:水酶法提取的大豆油脂的酸值、过氧化值、磷含量显著低于溶剂浸提法(P0.05),说明水酶法提取的大豆油品质高于溶剂浸提法,并且除水分和挥发物质量分数外,其他指标均符合国家三级大豆油标准。研究结果为产业化推广提供了理论参考。  相似文献   

3.
亚临界流体萃取胡麻籽低温压榨饼中油脂   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
为高品质提取胡麻籽低温压榨饼残油,采用D-optimum响应面设计优化亚临界丁烷萃取胡麻饼工艺,研究萃取温度、时间和液料比对油脂提取率的影响,并将所得油与粕与正已烷工艺进行品质比较。结果表明:液料比和萃取时间对油脂提取率的影响显著(P0.05);液料比与萃取温度交互作用显著(P0.05);最佳工艺参数为液料比8.4 m L/g、萃取时间40 min、萃取温度26℃,此条件下胡麻籽油的提取率为96.50%。亚临界丁烷萃取的胡麻籽油红色较浅、黄色较深,酸价与过氧化值都优于正已烷工艺,磷脂质量分数约为正已烷工艺的1/10。亚临界丁烷萃取后的胡麻籽粕,中性洗涤纤维质量分数低,蛋白中可溶性氮质量分数是正已烷工艺的3.5倍。研究结果可为胡麻籽高品质加工利用提供数据参考。  相似文献   

4.
为了将预乳化工艺更好应用于大豆拉丝蛋白（Textured Fibril Soy Protein，TFSP）素食香肠的加工，该研究通过采用不同的蛋白乳化剂和调控均质条件，探究预乳化油脂对TFSP素食香肠流变特性、质构和微观结构的影响。结果发现随着均质压力从0增大到30 MPa，大豆分离蛋白（Soybean Protein Isolate，SPI）乳液和酪蛋白酸钠（Sodium Caseinate，SC）乳液的表观黏度都逐渐增大，SPI乳液粒径为24.80～0.39 μm，SC乳液粒径为12.37～0.12 μm。对TFSP素肉糜进行温度扫描和频率扫描结果发现，所有的素肉糜在蒸煮后都形成了具有黏弹性的乳液凝胶，并且预乳液的均质压力越大，素肉糜的弹性模量越大。沃-布剪切测试和质构特性（Texture Profile Analysis，TPA）测试发现，TFSP素食香肠的剪切力和TPA质构特性都随着预乳液均质压力的增大而增大。采用激光共聚焦显微镜观察分析了不同预乳液和TFSP素食香肠的微观结构，当预乳化的均质压力为0～20 MPa时，SC乳液制备的TFSP素食香肠在蒸煮后发生了明显的乳液滴聚结；然而SPI乳液制备的TFSP素食香肠在蒸煮后表现出对抗乳液滴聚结的能力强。因此，采用SPI对植物油脂进行预乳化过程中，均质压力为20 MPa时，可以有效提升TFSP素食香肠的切片性和质构特性，研究结果为油脂预乳化工艺在素食产品中的开发和应用提供参考。  相似文献   

5.
甘肃省中部沿黄灌区是西北地区乃至全国重要的加工型马铃薯生产基地, 然而突出的连作障碍已经严重影响到当地马铃薯种植业的可持续发展。为此, 本研究于2010年在地处该区的白银市景泰县进行田间试验, 以当地主栽的加工型马铃薯品种"大西洋"为试验材料, 以轮作地块作为对照, 选取相邻的连作1~5 a马铃薯种植地块, 研究连作对马铃薯植株的生物效应, 试图从植株的生理生态特性入手探明马铃薯连作障碍的原因。结果表明, 与轮作地块(即不连作)相比, 连作1 a和2 a马铃薯块茎产量无显著变化, 但自连作3 a开始出现显著下降, 降低44%~56%, 表现出明显的连作障碍, 从产量上看, 两年应是当地马铃薯连作的最佳终止时间。从产量构成分析, 单薯重量下降是导致连作马铃薯产量下降的重要原因。马铃薯植株根、茎、叶和块茎的生物量随着连作年限的延长而下降, 而根冠比相反。植株光合生理受连作影响显著, Pn、Gs和Tr随连作年限的延长显著下降, Ci则表现上升趋势。叶绿体荧光特征则表现为F0随连作年限的延长而逐渐下降, Fv/Fm、ΦPSII和qP逐渐上升。植株叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性表现出随着连作年限延长先上升后下降的特征。与不连作相比, 连作1 a和2 a马铃薯叶片的MDA含量无显著变化, 但连作3~5 a增加4~6倍。随连作年限延长, 植株根系活力、总吸收面积和活跃吸收面积显著下降, 根系形态包括总根长、表面积和根尖数则逐渐增加, 而根直径和根体积无变化。结果表明, 马铃薯连作障碍的产生除了与光合生理有关的一系列生理生化过程和形态学的改变有关外, 还可能与马铃薯植株体内的激素代谢水平有关, 这些因素在整体上导致了马铃薯库源关系的失衡。  相似文献   

6.
为了优化马铃薯生全粉不饱和脂肪酸的微波萃取工艺,该试验采用软件Design-Expert 8.05分析以及响应面法来优化马铃薯生全粉中不饱和脂肪酸微波萃取工艺,得出马铃薯生全粉中不饱和脂肪酸的萃取模型P=0.000 10.01,R2=0.939 8,并确定马铃薯生全粉中不饱和脂肪酸最佳萃取工艺:萃取温度81℃,萃取时间11 min,萃取溶剂中丙酮占比0.802 5,料液比3.25∶1,各因素对不饱和脂肪酸质量分数影响大小分别为:丙酮占比料液比萃取温度萃取时间,实测不饱和脂肪酸质量分数为1.081 mg/g和拟合方程的预测值1.084 mg/g基本一致。将该优化方案应用于热风干燥温度对马铃薯生全粉中不饱和脂肪酸含量影响的分析中,结果表明:随着干燥温度的升高,亚油酸质量分数显著增加(P0.05),总不饱和脂肪酸质量分数增加(P0.05)。优化试验为热风干燥条件对马铃薯品质影响的研究提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

7.
超临界CO_2萃取脱皮菜籽饼粕油脂的可行性   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  
为提高脱皮双低菜籽低温压榨饼的附加值,采用Box-Behnken响应面设计优化超临界CO2萃取脱皮双低菜籽低温压榨饼中油脂的工艺,研究萃取压力、温度和时间对油脂提取率的影响,并对萃取得到的油和粕的品质进行检测。结果表明:萃取温度对油脂提取率的影响显著(P0.05);萃取压力和时间对油脂提取率的影响极显著(P0.001),且交互作用非常显著(P0.01);最佳工艺参数为萃取温度40℃、压力28 MPa和时间120 min,此条件下菜籽油的提取率为95.08%。超临界萃取的油色泽较浅,酸价与过氧化值都优于正已烷工艺,磷脂质量分数为0.051 mg/g约是正已烷工艺的1/32,维生素E和总酚含量较高;超临界萃取的脱脂粕蛋白溶解度高,颜色较浅,硫甙含量较少,品质明显优于正已烷脱脂粕。研究结果可为脱皮双低菜籽低温压榨饼的高值化利用提供数据参考。  相似文献   

8.
马铃薯片变温压差膨化干燥影响因素研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用变温压差膨化干燥技术,研究了切片厚度、预干燥后含水率、膨化温度、停滞时间、抽空温度、抽空时间和压力差等因素对膨化马铃薯脆片的含水率和脆度的影响。结果表明:马铃薯片膨化的最佳厚度为2mm;马铃薯片可不经过预干燥阶段直接膨化干燥;膨化温度、抽空温度和抽空时间是影响其膨化质量的关键因素;停滞时间和压力差在一定范围内对膨化产品的质量影响不大,可选择停滞时间为10min、压力差为0.3MPa。  相似文献   

9.
油炸藕片含油量快速预测及微观结构的三维重建   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
以油炸藕片为研究对象,首先利用高光谱图像技术(hyperspectral imaging technology,HSIT)结合联合区间偏最小二乘(synergy interval partial least squares,si PLS)和净分析物法(net analyze signal,NAS)提取油炸藕片的光谱信息,建立快速预测模型,并计算每个像素点的油含量值,将其表面油分布可视化;然后利用激光共聚焦显微镜(confocal laser scanning microscopy,CLSM)观察油在细胞中的分布,并扫描藕片Z轴方向序列图片进行微观结构的三维重建。结果显示,优选4个子区间,依据NAS法挖掘同油相关的NAS信号NAsk,建模后其预测集相关系数和均方根误差分别为0.819和0.682 mg/g,表明HSIT可快速预测油炸藕片含油量并可视化表面油分布。经CLSM扫描并图像三维重建后观察,油主要分布在细胞表面、边缘、细胞间隙以及破碎细胞内,且细胞的形状、大小均发生了很大的变化,可观察其内部油分布。结果表明,该研究可为油分布提供有效手段,并依据微观结构的变化为减少含油量提供科学的理论依据。  相似文献   

10.
纳滤膜浓缩绿茶提取液的研究   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：6  
应用纳滤膜技术进行浓缩绿茶提取液的试验研究，结果表明，膜的渗透通量受绿茶提取液的性质影响很大，并且随操作压力的增大、操作温度的上升而增加，随浓缩时间的延长而减小；茶叶中主要化学成分的截留率随操作压力的增大而增加，随操作温度的上升、浓缩时间的延长而明显下降。改善操作条件，强化茶提取液的预处理可以保证纳滤膜有效地浓缩绿茶提取液。  相似文献   

11.
In this paper the relationship between virgin olive oil (VOO) phenol compounds and the formation of acrylamide in potato crisps was investigated. The phenol compositions of 20 VOO samples were screened by LC-MS, and 4 oils, characterized by different phenol compound patterns, were selected for frying experiments. Slices of potatoes were fried at 180 degrees C for 5, 10, and 15 min, and acrylamide content was determined by LC-MS. Results demonstrated that VOO phenolic compounds are not degraded during frying, and crisp color was not significantly different among the four VOOs. Acrylamide concentration in crisps increased during frying time, but the formation was faster in the oil having the lowest concentration of phenolic compounds. Moreover, the VOO having the highest concentration of ortho-diphenolic compounds is able to efficiently inhibit acrylamide formation in crisps from mild to moderate frying conditions. It was concluded that the use of ortho-diphenolic-rich VOOs can be proposed as a reliable mitigation strategy to reduce acrylamide formation in domestic deep-frying.  相似文献   

12.
To determine the effects of gamma-tocopherol on the stability of fried food, potato chips were fried in triolein with 0, 100, or 400 ppm gamma-tocopherol. Potato chips, sampled at 1, 3, and 6 h of frying time, were aged for 0, 2, and 4 days at 60 degrees C and then evaluated for odor attributes by sensory analysis and for volatile compounds by purge-and-trap gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Oil sampled after 1, 3, and 6 h of frying time from the fryer was evaluated for total polar compounds and retention of gamma-tocopherol. Oil extracted from the potato chips was also analyzed for residual gamma-tocopherol. gamma-Tocopherol disappeared rapidly, with only slight amounts of the original 100 ppm level detectable after the triolein was used for frying. gamma-Tocopherol significantly inhibited polar compound production in the triolein. Results showed that gamma-tocopherol inhibited the oxidation of the fried food even when only very low levels of retained gamma-tocopherol were present in the frying oil or potato chips. Nonanal formation was inhibited by gamma-tocopherol in aged potato chips. Odor analysis of the aged potato chips showed that samples with 0 ppm gamma-tocopherol had a rancid odor after being aged for 4 days. Potato chips with 400 ppm gamma-tocopherol had no rancid odors; however, as the level of gamma-tocopherol decreased in the triolein and in the potato chips, a weak plastic odor characteristic of oxidized triolein was detected.  相似文献   

13.
In this study, the effect of employing an oil temperature program during frying on the acrylamide content of French fries was investigated. The frying conditions that could lead to lower acrylamide levels in French fries were first simulated by means of an experimentally validated frying model. Then, experiments were conducted to test the simulated conditions in real frying process. Different time/temperature combinations (4 min at 170 degrees C, 2 min at 170 degrees C + 2 min at 150 degrees C, 1 min at 170 degrees C + 3 min at 150 degrees C, 1 min at 190 degrees C + 3 min at 150 degrees C) were employed for frying potato strips (8.5 x 8.5 x 70 mm), and the resultant acrylamide levels were determined with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. The results indicated that acrylamide levels in French fries can be reduced by half if the final stage of the frying process employs a lower oil temperature. Therefore, the method appears to be an effective way of controlling the acrylamide level in the final product.  相似文献   

14.
A conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-rich soy oil has been produced by photoisomerization of soy oil linoleic acid. Nutritional studies have shown that CLA possesses health benefits in terms of reducing certain heart disease and diabetes risk factors. Potato chips are snacks that are readily produced in the CLA-rich soy oil containing CLA levels similar to those of the oil used for frying. The objective of this study was to develop an FTIR method to rapidly determine the CLA content of oil in potato chips. Photoirradiated soy oil samples with ～25% total CLA were mixed with control soy oil, and 100 soy oil samples with total CLA levels ranging from 0.89 to 24.4% were made. Potato chips were fried using each of these 300 g CLA rich soy oil mixtures at 175 °C for approximately 3 min. Duplicate GC-FID fatty acid analyses were conducted on oil extracted from each batch of potato chips. The chip samples were ground and then scanned using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy with the aid of a high-pressure clamp, and duplicate spectra of each sample were averaged to obtain an average spectrum. Calibration models were developed using PLS regression analysis. These correlated the CLA isomer concentrations of potato chips obtained by GC-FID fatty acid analysis with their corresponding FTIR spectral features. The calibration models were fully cross validated and tested using samples that were not used in the calibration sample set. Calibrations for total CLA, trans,trans CLA, trans-10,cis-12 CLA, trans-9,cis-11 CLA, cis-10,trans-12 CLA, and cis-9,trans-11 CLA had coefficients of determinations (R2v) between 0.91 and 0.96 and corresponding root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP) ranging from 0.005 to 1.44. The ATR-FTIR technique showed potential as a method for the determination of the CLA levels in unknown potato chip samples.  相似文献   

15.
Tortilla chips were slow dried after baking and then fried in fresh soybean oil. Control chips were not dried before frying. Final oil content of sun-dried tortilla chips was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those receiving the control treatment. As a result of drying, the structure of the tortilla chips was tighter before frying but expanded significantly during frying. An attempt was made to produce tortilla chips with the same characteristics of the sun-dried chips using impinging hot-air drying techniques. Results indicated that tortilla chips drying rate was mostly affected by air temperature; texture was crispier at higher air temperatures; shrinkage of the piece was higher at lower convective heat transfer coefficient; and microstructure looked smoother at higher air temperature.  相似文献   

16.
Fried potato products such as French fries and chips may contain substantial amounts of acrylamide. Numerous efforts are undertaken to minimize the acrylamide content of these products while sensory properties such as color and flavor have to be respected as well. An optimization of the frying process can be achieved if the basic kinetic data of the browning and acrylamide formation are known. Therefore, heating experiments with potato powder were performed under controlled conditions (moisture, temperature, and time). Browning and acrylamide content both increased with heating time at all temperatures and moisture contents tested. The moisture content had a strong influence on the activation energy of browning and acrylamide formation. The activation energy strongly increased at moisture contents below 20%. At higher moisture contents, it was very similar for both parameters. At low moisture contents, the activation energy of acrylamide formation was larger as compared to the one for browning. This explains why the end of the frying process is very critical. Therefore, a lower temperature toward the end of frying reduces the acrylamide content of the product while color development is still good.  相似文献   

17.
The aim of this work was to examine the effect of blanching or soaking in different acid solutions on the acrylamide content in potato crisps. Furthermore, the effects of a shorter frying time and a lower frying temperature combined with a postdrying were investigated. Soaking or blanching of potato slices in acidic solutions decreased the pH of potato juice and increased the extraction of amino acids and sugars. Potato crisps obtained after such pretreatments were characterized by lower acrylamide content. The most effective extraction of free amino acids and sugars as well as the largest decrease of acrylamide content (90%) in crisps was obtained when potato slices were soaked in acetic acid solution for 60 min at 20 degrees C. Shorter frying time followed by postdrying resulted in low-moisture potato crisps. Furthermore, the postdrying treatment gave a decreases in acrylamide content of approximately 70% when potato slices were fried at 185 degrees C and approximately 80% when potato slices were fried at 160 degrees C. Effective ways of decreasing acrylamide content in crisps production have been found. Crisps with low acrylamide content and good sensory quality can be obtained either by blanching in acetic acid as pretreatment or by a short frying followed by postdrying.  相似文献   

18.
The effect of amylose content of starch on processing and textural properties of instant noodles was determined using waxy, partial waxy, and regular wheat flours and reconstituted flours with starches of various amylose content (3.0–26.5). Optimum water absorption of instant noodle dough increased with the decrease of amylose content. Instant noodles prepared from waxy and reconstituted wheat flours with ≤12.4% amylose content exhibited thicker strands and higher free lipids content than wheat flours with ≥17.1% amylose content. Instant noodles of ≤12.4% amylose content of starch exhibited numerous bubbles on the surface and stuck together during frying. Lightness of instant noodles increased from 77.3 to 81.4 with the increase of amylose content of starch in reconstituted flours. Cooking time of instant noodles was 4.0–8.0 min in wheat flours and 6.0–12.0 min in reconstituted flours, and constantly increased with the increase in amylose content of starch. Hardness of cooked instant noodles positively correlated with amylose content of starch. Reconstituted flours with ≤12.4% amylose content of starch were higher in cohesiveness than those of wheat flours of wild‐type and partial waxy starches and reconstituted flours with ≥17.1% amylose content. Instant fried noodles prepared from double null partial waxy wheat flour exhibited shorter cooking time, softer texture, and higher fat absorption (1.2%) but similar color and appearance compared with noodles prepared from wheat flour of wild‐type starch.  相似文献   

19.
The concentration of hydroxytyrosol (3,4-DHPEA) and its secoiridoid derivatives (3,4-DHPEA-EDA and 3,4-DHPEA-EA) in virgin olive oil decreased rapidly when the oil was repeatedly used for preparing french fries in deep-fat frying operations. At the end of the first frying process (10 min at 180 degrees C), the concentration of the dihydroxyphenol components was reduced to 50-60% of the original value, and after six frying operations only about 10% of the initial components remained. However, tyrosol (p-HPEA) and its derivatives (p-HPEA-EDA and p-HPEA-EA) in the oil were much more stable during 12 frying operations. The reduction in their original concentration was much smaller than that for hydroxytyrosol and its derivatives and showed a roughly linear relationship with the number of frying operations. The antioxidant activity of the phenolic extract measured using the DPPH test rapidly diminished during the first six frying processes, from a total antioxidant activity higher than 740 micromol of Trolox/kg down to less than 250 micromol/kg. On the other hand, the concentration of polar compounds, oxidized triacylglycerol monomers (oxTGs), dimeric TGs, and polymerized TGs rapidly increased from the sixth frying operation onward, when the antioxidant activity of the phenolic extract was very low, and as a consequence the oil was much more susceptible to oxidation. The loss of antioxidant activity in the phenolic fraction due to deep-fat frying was confirmed by the storage oil and oil-in-water emulsions containing added extracts from olive oil used for 12 frying operations.  相似文献   

20.
HPLC was used to analyze the content of ascorbic acid (AA) in tubers of four Korean potato cultivars (Chaju, Sumi, Deso, and Dejima), in a series of baked, boiled, braised, fried, microwaved, pressure-cooked, and sauteed potato slices from the Dejima cultivar and in 14 commercial Korean and 14 processed potato foods sold in the United States (chips, snacks, mashed potatoes, fries). The AA content for the four cultivars ranged from 16 to 46 mg/100 g of fresh weight. The distribution of AA in each of the eight potato slices (sticks, plugs) cut horizontally from the stem end of the Dejima potato ranged from 6.8 to 19.3% of the total. The corresponding distribution in seven sticks cut vertically was much narrower, ranging from 11.7 to 17.5% of the total. Losses of AA in water (pH 5.2) were significantly greater than in 5% metaphosphoric acid (pH 1.0). Less degradation occurred in water solutions of the vitamin stored at 1 degree C than at 25 degrees C. Losses of AA observed during home-processing of three varieties with low (Dejima, 16 mg/100 g), intermediate (Sumi, 32 mg/100 g), and high (Chaju, 42 mg/100 g) AA contents were as follows: boiling in water, 77-88%; boiling in water containing 1-3% NaCl, 61-79%; frying in oil, 55-79%; sauteing, 61-67%; pressure-cooking in water, 56-60%; braising, 50-63%; baking, 33-51%; and microwaving, 21-33%. The content of the Korean foods ranged from trace amounts to 25 mg/100 g and that of the U.S. foods from 0.4 to 46 mg/100 g. These results permit optimization of the vitamin C content of the diet by (a) using high-vitamin C potato varieties such as Chaju, (b) selecting sticks cut horizontally for frying, (c) baking or microwaving rather than boiling or frying, and (d) selecting commercial potato foods with a high vitamin C content.  相似文献   

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