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1.
Cardiopulmonary and behavioral effects of fentanyl-droperidol in cats   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The combination of the narcotic fentanyl (0.4 mg/ml) and the tranquilizer droperidol (20 mg/ml) was injected into 12 healthy adult cats at a rate of 1 ml/9 kg of body weight, sc. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory frequency, PaCO2, and PaO2, arterial pH (pHa), and rectal temperature were measured before and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after injection of fentanyl-droperidol. Respiratory frequency was decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) and heart rate increased significantly (P less than 0.05) at all measurement intervals after drug administration. Observed decrements in arterial blood pressure were not significant. Arterial PO2, PCO2, and pH did not change significantly. A significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in body temperature was measured 90 minutes after drug administration. All cats were calm, tractable, and frequently assumed lateral recumbency after administration of fentanyl-droperidol. This maximal tranquil state was determined to be 30 to 60 minutes after drug administration.  相似文献   

2.
The cardiopulmonary effects of 3 dosages of doxapram hydrochloride (0.275 mg/kg, 0.55 mg/kg, and 1.1 mg/kg, IV) were studied in 6 adult horses. Doxapram given IV significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased PaCO2 and increased respiratory rate, cardiac output arterial blood pressures (systolic, mean, and diastolic) arterial pH, and PaO2 at 1 minute after each dose was administered. Heart rate and mean and diastolic pulmonary arterial blood pressure were significantly (P less than 0.05) increased 1 minute after the 2 larger dosages of doxapram were given (0.55 mg/kg and 1.1 mg/kg, IV), but not after the smallest dosage was given. All measurements, except heart rate and cardiac output, had returned to base line by 5 minutes after each dosing. Heart rate remained significantly (P less than 0.05) increased 10 minutes after the 0.55 mg/kg dosage was given and 30 minutes after the 1.1 mg/kg dosage. Cardiac output remained significantly (P less than 0.05) increased at 10 minutes, 5 minutes, and 30 minutes after the 0.275, 0.55, and 1.1 mg/kg dosages, respectively, were given.  相似文献   

3.
The cardiopulmonary effects of etomidate, a nonbarbiturate, short-acting, IV anesthetic, were compared and contrasted with those of thiamylal sodium in chronically instrumented conscious dogs. Etomidate, when administered IV at dosages of 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg of body weight, produced anesthesia lasting from 8 +/- 5 and 21 +/- 9 minutes, respectively. Heart rate, aortic blood pressure, left ventricular peak pressure, left ventricular end diastolic pressure, left ventricular contractile force, and myocardial oxygen consumption were unchanged after administration of either dose of etomidate; however, the dosage of 1.5 mg/kg produced significant (P less than 0.05) increases in respiratory rate and decreases in tidal volume. The minute volume remained unchanged from base-line values. Significant (P less than 0.05) decreases in tidal volume, arterial pH, and partial pressure of oxygen were produced, and minute volume remained unchanged when 3.0 mg of etomidate/kg of body weight was administered. Thiamylal sodium (8.0 mg/kg of body weight; given IV) produced anesthesia lasting for 14 +/- 5 minutes. Significant increases (P less than 0.05) in heart rate, arterial blood pressure, left ventricular peak pressure, and myocardial oxygen consumption were observed after IV administration. Left ventricular contractility was significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased. Respiratory rate was not significantly (P less than 0.05) affected by thiamylal although tidal volume and minute volume were decreased. These respiratory alterations resulted in significant (P less than 0.05) increases in the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide and decreases in pH and the partial pressure of oxygen. On the basis of cardiopulmonary function, etomidate offered rapid, safe, short duration anesthesia superior to that of thiamylal sodium.  相似文献   

4.
Effects of ketamine, xylazine, and a combination of ketamine and xylazine were studied in 12 male Pekin ducks (7 to 12 weeks old; mean [+/- SD] body weight, 3.1 +/- 0.3 kg). After venous and arterial catheterization and fixation of a temperature probe in the cloaca, each awake duck was confined, but not restrained, in an open box in a dimly lit room. Blood pressure and lead-II ECG were recorded. Three arterial blood samples were collected every 15 minutes over a 45-minute period (control period) and were analyzed for pHa, PaCO2 and PaO2. After the control period, each duck was assigned at random to 1 of 3 drug groups: (1) ketamine (KET; 20 mg/kg of body weight, IV), (2) xylazine (XYL; 1 mg/kg, IV), and (3) KET + XYL (KET 20 mg/kg and XYL, 1 mg/kg; IV). Measurements were made at 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 minutes after drug administration. All ducks survived the drug study. Cloacal temperature was significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) increased above control cloacal temperature at 90 minutes after the administration of ketamine, and from 10 through 90 minutes after administration of ketamine plus xylazine. In ducks of the KET group, pHa, PaCO2, and PaO2, remained unchanged after administration of the drug. In ducks of the XYL group, pHa and PaO2 decreased significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) from control values for all time points up to and including 15 minutes after drug administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

5.
Midazolam HCl (1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg of body weight) was administered IM to 6 Canada geese to determine a sedative dose that would allow positioning for radiologic examination. The effects of both test doses on cardiopulmonary function were evaluated at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40 minutes after drug administration and were compared with 2 end-tidal isoflurane concentrations (1.5 and 2.5%). The 2.0 mg/kg dosage induced moderate sedation at 15 and 20 minutes; sedation was adequate for positioning the geese. Sedation induced by the 1.0 mg/kg dosage was inadequate. The effects of both test doses on blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature were not significantly different from each other and from baseline data. Respiratory rate increased significantly (P less than 0.05) at 10, 15, 20, and 30 minutes with the 2.0 mg/kg dosage, and at 15 and 20 minutes with the 1.0 mg/kg dosage. Blood pressure and respiratory rate were significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased with isoflurane when compared with baseline data and the midazolam test doses. The results of this study indicate that midazolam at a dosage of 2.0 mg/kg induces adequate sedation with minimal cardiopulmonary changes, and, as an alternative to general anesthesia with isoflurane, provides a satisfactory level of restraint for radiography.  相似文献   

6.
Xylazine and tiletamine-zolazepam anesthesia in horses   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
The cardiopulmonary and anesthetic effects of xylazine in combination with a 1:1 mixture of tiletamine and zolazepam were determined in 6 horses. Each horse was given xylazine IV or IM, as well as tiletamine-zolazepam IV on 4 randomized occasions. Anesthetics were administered at the rate of 1.1 mg of xylazine/kg of body weight, IV, 1.1 mg of tiletamine-zolazepam/kg, IV (treatment 1); 1.1 mg of xylazine/kg, IV, 1.65 mg of tiletamine-zolazepam/kg, IV (treatment 2); 1.1 mg of xylazine/kg, IV, 2.2 mg of tiletamine-zolazepam/kg, IV (treatment 3); and 2.2 mg of xylazine/kg, IM, 1.65 mg of tiletamine-zolazepam/kg, IV (treatment 4). Tiletamine-zolazepam doses were the sum of tiletamine plus zolazepam. Xylazine, when given IV, was given 5 minutes before tiletamine-zolazepam. Xylazine, when given IM, was given 10 minutes before tiletamine-zolazepam. Tiletamine-zolazepam induced recumbency in all horses. Duration of recumbency in group 1 was 31.9 +/- 7.2 (mean +/- 1 SD) minutes. Increasing the dosage of tiletamine-zolazepam (treatments 2 and 3) significantly (P less than 0.05) increased the duration of recumbency. Xylazine caused significant (P less than 0.05) decreases in heart rate and cardiac output and significant (P less than 0.05) increases in central venous pressure and mean pulmonary artery pressure 5 minutes after administration. Respiratory rate was decreased. Arterial blood pressures increased significantly (P less than 0.05) after xylazine was administered IV in treatments 1 and 3, but the increases were not significant in treatment 2. Xylazine administered IM caused significant (P less than 0.05) increases in central venous pressure and significant (P less than 0.05) decreases in cardiac output.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

7.
The cardiorespiratory effects of four opioid-tranquilizer combinations were evaluated in six dogs. The four combinations were administered to each dog in a randomized order. Buprenorphine (BUP; 0.01 mg/kg IV) or oxymorphone (OXY; 0.1 mg/kg IV) was followed in 10.4 ± 1.3 minutes by midazolam (MID; 0.3 mg/kg IV) or acepromazine (ACE; 0.05 mg/kg IV). Nalbuphine (0.16 mg/kg IV) was administered 94.1 ± 2.3 minutes after the tranquilizer was given. Heart rate (HR) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) decreased significantly ( P < .05) after each combination. MAP was significantly lower with combinations using ACE. Most dogs panted after opioid administration; this was associated with increased minute volume (VM) and decreased tidal volume (VT). After administration of the tranquilizer, mean breathing rate and VM index (VMI) were significantly lower with ACE combinations. There were no significant changes in pH and blood gas variables after BUP-ACE. The other three combinations were associated with significant ( P < .05) decreases in pH and increases in Paco2. Mean Pao2 decreased significantly ( P < .05) with OXY combinations but not BUP combinations. Dysrhythmias (atrial or ventricular escape complexes) were seen with each combination. HR increased significantly ( P < .05) after nalbuphine in dogs receiving OXY, but not BUP. Dogs receiving OXY became more alert after nalbuphine on six of 12 occasions, whereas dogs receiving BUP became less alert on six of 12 occasions. OXY-ACE provided the most chemical restraint/sedation and BUP-MID provided the least.  相似文献   

8.
Cardiovascular effects of butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg of body weight, IV) and responses associated with subsequent administration of naloxone (0.04 mg/kg, IV) were studied in halothane (1.2% end-tidal concentration)-anesthetized dogs. Transient, but statistically significant (P less than 0.05), decreases in heart rate, mean and diastolic arterial blood pressures, and rate-pressure product were observed after butorphanol administration. Cardiac index, stroke volume, and systemic vascular resistance did not change significantly. Except for the decrease in heart rate, changes in the values of the cardiovascular variables measured after butorphanol administration did not appear to be clinically relevant. Sixty minutes after butorphanol administration, naloxone was given. Statistically significant (P less than 0.05) increases in heart rate, arterial blood pressures, cardiac index, and rate-pressure product, along with dysrhythmias were observed. Stroke volume and systemic vascular resistance remained unchanged after administration of naloxone. Naloxone administration was associated with changes indicative of increased myocardial oxygen consumption.  相似文献   

9.
Cardiopulmonary effects of IV administered butorphanol tartrate (BUT) were assessed in 7 yearling steers medicated with atropine and anesthetized with guaifenesin, thiamylal sodium, and isoflurane in O2 for surgical placement of duodenal cannulae. Heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial blood pressures, pHa, PaCO2, PaO2, arterial [HCO3-], esophageal temperature, and end-tidal isoflurane concentrations were measured before and after IV administration of BUT (10 mg). Mean respiratory rate increased significantly (P less than 0.05) only at 45 and 60 minutes after BUT administration. Mean respiratory rate was 26 +/- 6.3 breaths/min before BUT administration and 46 +/- 12.1 breaths/min 60 minutes after BUT administration. Arterial blood pressures were increased significantly (P less than 0.05) at all times, except 5 minutes after BUT administration. The mean value for mean arterial pressure was 76 +/- 9.6 mm of Hg before BUT injection and 117 +/- 12.6 mm of Hg 60 minutes after BUT injection. Mean values for pHa and arterial [HCO3-] were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher at 60 minutes after BUT administration (baseline, pH = 7.25 +/- 0.04 and [HCO3-] = 29.9 +/- 3.5 mEq/L; 60 minutes after BUT, pH = 7.28 +/- 0.03 and [HCO3-] = 33.0 +/- 1.8 mEq/L). Although some statistically significant changes were recorded, IV administration of BUT to these steers did not have a marked effect on the cardiopulmonary variables measured.  相似文献   

10.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cardio-respiratory effects of the combination of medetomidine and thiopentone followed by reversal with atipamezole as a combination for anaesthesia in 10 healthy German Shepherd dogs breathing spontaneously in a room at an altitude of 1486 m above sea level with an ambient air pressure of 651 mmHg. After the placement of intravenous and intra-arterial catheters, baseline samples were collected. Medetomidine (0.010 mg/kg) was administered intravenously and blood pressure and heart rate were recorded every minute for 5 minutes. Thiopentone was then slowly administered until intubation conditions were ideal. An endotracheal tube was placed and the dogs breathed room air spontaneously. Blood pressure, pulse oximetry, respiratory and heart rate, capnography, blood gas analysis and arterial lactate were performed or recorded every 10 minutes for the duration of the trial. Thiopentone was administered to maintain anaesthesia. After 60 minutes, atipamezole (0.025 mg/kg) was given intramuscularly. Data were recorded for the next 30 minutes. A dose of 8.7 mg/kg of thiopentone was required to anaesthetise the dogs after the administration of 0.010 mg/kg of medetomidine. Heart rate decreased from 96.7 at baseline to 38.5 5 minutes after the administration of medetomidine (P < 0.05). Heart rate then increased with the administration of thiopentone to 103.2 (P < 0.05). Blood pressure increased from 169.4/86.2 mmHg to 253.2/143.0 mmHg 5 minutes after the administration of medetomidine (P < 0.05). Blood pressure then slowly returned towards normal. Heart rate and blood pressure returned to baseline values after the administration of atipamezole. Arterial oxygen tension decreased from baseline levels (84.1 mmHg) to 57.8 mmHg after the administration of medetomidine and thiopentone (P < 0.05). This was accompanied by arterial desaturation from 94.7 to 79.7% (P < 0.05). A decrease in respiratory rate from 71.8 bpm to 12.2 bpm was seen during the same period. Respiratory rates slowly increased over the next hour to 27.0 bpm and a further increases 51.4 bpm after the administration of atipamezole was seen (P < 0.05). This was maintained until the end of the observation period. Arterial oxygen tension slowly returned towards normal over the observation period. No significant changes in blood lactate were seen. No correlation was found between arterial saturation as determined by blood gas analysis and pulse oximetry. Recovery after the administration of atipamezole was rapid (5.9 minutes). In healthy dogs, anaesthesia can be maintained with a combination of medetomidine and thiopentone, significant anaesthetic sparing effects have been noted and recovery from anaesthesia is not unduly delayed. Hypoxaemia may be problematic. Appropriate monitoring should be done and oxygen supplementation and ventilatory support should be available. A poor correlation between SpO2 and SaO2 and ETCO2 and PaCO2 was found.  相似文献   

11.
Dogs were used to determine cardiopulmonary and chemical restraining effects of racemic ketamine and its enantiomers. Levorotatory ketamine induced the shortest duration of unconsciousness and recumbency when compared with effects of dextrorotatory and racemic ketamine. Administration of racemic ketamine or either of its enantiomers (30 mg/kg of body weight, IV) to dogs recovering from isoflurane anesthesia induced transient, but significant (P less than 0.05), decreases in arterial blood pressure, left ventricular contractility, cardiac output, and total peripheral vascular resistance. Arterial blood pressure and left ventricular contractility significantly (P less than 0.05) increased at later times after ketamine administration. Arterial pH and the PO2 values decreased after IV administration of racemic ketamine or its enantiomers. Significant differences in cardiopulmonary variables were not observed between groups given ketamine or its enantiomers.  相似文献   

12.
Effects of xylazine (1.1 mg/kg of body weight, IV bolus, plus 1.1 mg/kg/h infusion) and subsequent yohimbine (0.125 mg/kg, IV bolus) administration on the arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine (ADE) in isoflurane (1.8% end-tidal)-anesthetized dogs were evaluated. The ADE was defined as the total dose of epinephrine that induced greater than or equal to 4 premature ventricular contractions within 15 seconds during a 3-minute infusion period or within 1 minute after the end of infusion. Total ADE values during isoflurane anesthesia, after xylazine administration, and after yohimbine injection were 36.6 +/- 8.45 micrograms/kg, 24.1 +/- 6.10 micrograms/kg, and 45.7 +/- 6.19 micrograms/kg, respectively. Intravenous xylazine administration significantly (P less than 0.05) increased blood pressure and decreased heart rate, whereas yohimbine administration induced a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in blood pressure. induced a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in blood pressure. After yohimbine administration, the ADE significantly (P less than 0.05) increased above that after isoflurane plus xylazine administration. After yohimbine administration, blood pressure measured immediately before epinephrine-induced arrhythmia was significantly (P less than 0.05) less than the value recorded during isoflurane plus xylazine anesthesia. Heart rate was unchanged among treatments immediately before epinephrine-induced arrhythmia. Seemingly, yohimbine possessed a protective action against catecholamine-induced arrhythmias in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane and xylazine.  相似文献   

13.
Mechanical activity of the cecal body, lateral cecal arterial blood flow, carotid arterial pressure, and heart rate were measured in 6 conscious healthy horses 30 minutes before and for 120 minutes after IV administration of xylazine at dosages of 1.1 mg/kg of body weight, 0.55 mg/kg, and 0.275 mg/kg. Xylazine at a dosage of 1.1 mg/kg reduced the mean motility index (the product of the mean amplitude of contractions and the total duration of contractile activity divided by the recording time) of the circular and longitudinal muscle layers for the first, second, third, and fourth 30-minute periods after administration of xylazine. Xylazine at a dosage of 0.55 mg/kg reduced the motility index of the circular and longitudinal muscle layers for the first and second 30-minute periods after administration of xylazine. Xylazine at a dosage of 0.275 mg/kg reduced the motility index of the circular and longitudinal muscle layers for the first 30-minute period after administration of xylazine. Mean lateral cecal arterial blood flow was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower than the base-line value at 2 and 4 minutes after administration of all 3 xylazine dosages and at 8 minutes after administration of xylazine dosages of 1.1 mg/kg and 0.55 mg/kg. All dosages of xylazine caused transient hypertension and bradycardia, followed by hypotension.  相似文献   

14.
A chronic model with an ultrasonic transit time blood flow probe and strain gauge force transducers implanted on the cecum was used to evaluate cecal mechanical activity and cecal arterial blood flow in 4 conscious adult horses. Intravenous administration of xylazine (1.1 mg/kg of body weight) significantly decreased heart rate and cardiac output, but significantly increased diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, carotid arterial pressure, and central venous pressure. Lateral cecal arterial blood flow after xylazine administration was decreased substantially more than was cardiac output, suggesting that xylazine caused constriction of the cecal vasculature. This effect of xylazine may have resulted from either a direct effect of xylazine on the cecal vasculature or from reflex vasoconstriction attributable to reduced cardiac output. Intravenous administration of butorphanol tartrate (0.1 mg/kg) did not significantly alter the hemodynamic responses to xylazine. Cecal mechanical activity, as measured by the motility index, was decreased for 120 minutes after administration of xylazine and for 150 minutes after administration of xylazine/butorphanol.  相似文献   

15.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the cardiopulmonary and sedative effects of medetomidine hydrochloride in adult horses and to compare those effects with effects of an equipotent dose of xylazine hydrochloride. ANIMALS: 10 healthy adult female horses. PROCEDURE: 5 horses were given medetomidine (4 microg/kg of body weight, i.v.), and the other 5 were given xylazine (0.4 mg/kg, i.v.). Heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial blood pressures, pulmonary arterial blood pressures, and cardiac output were recorded, and sedation and ataxia scores were assigned before and every 5 minutes after drug administration for 60 minutes. Rectal temperature and blood gas partial pressures were measured every 15 minutes after drug administration. RESULTS: Arterial blood pressure was significantly decreased throughout the study among horses given medetomidine and was significantly decreased for 40 minutes among horses given xylazine. Compared with baseline values, cardiac output was significantly decreased 10, 20, and 40 minutes after administration of medetomidine and significantly increased 40 and 60 minutes after administration of xylazine. Despite the significant decrease in respiratory rate in both groups, results of blood gas analyses were not significantly changed over time. Ataxia and sedation scores were of similar magnitude for the 2 groups, but ataxia persisted slightly longer among horses given medetomidine. Horses resumed eating hay 10 to 55 minutes after drug administration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that equipotent low doses of medetomidine and xylazine induce comparable levels of ataxia and sedation and similar cardiopulmonary changes in adult horses.  相似文献   

16.
Effects of xylazine HCl (0.5 mg/kg of body weight, IV) and/or butorphanol tartrate (0.04 mg/kg, IV) or neostigmine methylsulfate (0.022 mg/kg, IV) on myoelectric activity of the cecum and right ventral colon were studied in 4 conscious female ponies. Eight bipolar Ag/AgCl electrodes were sequentially placed on the seromuscular layer of the cecum (6 electrodes) and right ventral colon (2 electrodes). Recordings began 30 minutes before and continued for 90 minutes after drug administration. Each drug or drug combination was studied on 2 occasions in each pony. Two major patterns of coordinated spike bursts were identified. A series of coordinated spike bursts began at the cecal base and was conducted to the cecal apex (pattern I). A series of coordinated spike bursts began at the cecal apex, traversed the cecum, cecocolic orifice, and right ventral colon and was termed a progressive pattern (pattern II). Xylazine administration caused a significant decrease in patterns I and II for 20 minutes (P less than 0.05). Butorphanol tartrate administration caused a significant decrease in the progressive pattern for 10 minutes (P less than 0.05) without affecting the orally directed pattern. Administration of the combination of xylazine/butorphanol significantly decreased the frequency of pattern I for 40 minutes (P less than 0.05) and pattern II for 30 minutes (P less than 0.05). Neostigmine administration caused a significant increase in the frequency of pattern II for 30 minutes (P less than 0.05) without affecting pattern I (P greater than 0.05). Changes in conduction velocity of pattern I or II or the duration of spiking activity were not significantly different because of any treatment.  相似文献   

17.
The effects of 3 commonly used dosages (0.3, 0.5, and 1.1 mg/kg of body weight, IV) of xylazine on ventilatory function were evaluated in 6 Thoroughbred geldings. Altered respiratory patterns developed with all doses of xylazine, and horses had apneic periods lasting 7 to 70 seconds at the 1.1 mg/kg dosage. Respiratory rate, minute volume, and partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) decreased significantly (P less than 0.001) with time after administration of xylazine, but significant differences were not detected among dosages. After an initial insignificant decrease at 1 minute after injection, tidal volume progressively increased and at 5 minutes after injection, tidal volume was significantly (P less than 0.01) greater than values obtained before injection. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO2) was insignificantly increased. After administration of xylazine at a dosage of 1.1 mg/kg, the mean maximal decrease in PaO2 was 28.2 +/- 8.7 mm of Hg and 22.2 +/- 4.9 mm of Hg, measured with and without a respiratory mask, respectively. Similarly, the mean maximal increase in PaCO2 was 4.5 +/- 2.3 mm of Hg and 4.2 +/- 2.4 mm of Hg, measured with and without the respiratory mask, respectively. Significant interaction between use of mask and time was not detected, although the changes in PaO2 were slightly attenuated when horses were not masked. The temporal effects of xylazine on ventilatory function in horses should be considered in selecting a sedative when ventilation is inadequate or when pulmonary function testing is to be performed.  相似文献   

18.
The cardiovascular, respiratory, and anesthetic effects of medetomidine-ketamine (20 microg/kg bodyweight [BW] and 10 mg/kg BW) (MK group) or dexmedetomidine-ketamine (10 microg/kg BW and 10 mg/kg BW) (DK group) were studied in golden-headed lion tamarins. Heart rate decreased after administration of both combinations; this reduction was statistically greater in the DK group than in the MK group after 15 and 45 minutes. Systolic arterial pressure decreased in a similar way in both groups, except at 15 minutes, when systolic arterial pressure was significantly lower in the DK group. Diastolic arterial pressure, mean arterial pressure, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature were progressively reduced in all groups. Sedation time was significantly shorter and anesthesia time was significantly longer in the DK group compared with MK group. Anesthetic quality and analgesia scores were significantly greater at 5 and 15 minutes in the DK group compared with the MK group. The administration of dexmedetomidine-ketamine is as safe and effective as the administration of medetomidine-ketamine in tamarins.  相似文献   

19.
Sodium penicillin, sodium cefazolin, and sodium citrate were administered to six adult horses on separate occasions, when awake and during anesthesia. The order of administration was randomized and studies were separated by a minimum of 7 days. Arterial blood pressure decreased significantly (less than 0.05) from control 5 minutes after intravenous (IV) sodium penicillin in awake and anesthetized horses. Systolic arterial blood pressure remained significantly (less than 0.05) decreased 10 minutes after IV sodium penicillin in anesthetized horses. Sodium cefazolin and sodium citrate did not significantly affect any of the measured cardiovascular variables. Although the changes in arterial blood pressure were small (8-15 mm Hg), monitoring of arterial blood pressure is advised when sodium penicillin is administered IV to anesthetized horses.  相似文献   

20.
Six standing awake adult horses were instrumented for measurement of mean arterial, central venous, and pulmonary arterial blood pressures (mm of Hg), thermodilution cardiac output (ml/kg/min), and pulmonary arterial blood temperature (C). Total peripheral resistance was calculated from these values. Base-line data were accumulated, and a single dose of hydralazine HCl (0.5 mg/kg) was administered IV. Horses were monitored for 420 minutes after hydralazine administration. Mean arterial and central venous blood pressures did not change from the base-line values. Cardiac output and heart rate were increased above base-line values for 260 minutes. Total peripheral resistance was decreased for 240 minutes. Pulmonary arterial blood temperature was decreased for 60 minutes after drug administration. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure relative to the base-line mean was intermittently decreased during the study. Intravenously administered hydralazine HCl appears to be an effective vasodilator, with moderate duration of action in horses.  相似文献   

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