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随着养禽业集约化和规模化的发展，种鸡在育成期采取在遮黑鸡舍里饲养，越来越受到养禽者的重视。因为这种饲养方式能够控制整个种鸡群的性成熟整齐和保持种鸡群较为稳定的生产性能，从而为种鸡场带来较好的经济效益。一、遮黑目的及原理遮黑的目的是通过把种鸡饲养在完全由人工有效控制整个育成期的光照时间和光照强度的鸡舍里；２０周龄后，给予种鸡光照刺激，使种鸡群在较短时间内性发育同步化，迅速开产，产蛋高峰期有较为稳定的生产性能，提高种鸡的产蛋性能。二、遮黑装置的改造及应用遮黑装置的改造大多是把传统的半开放式有窗鸡舍，… 相似文献
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在服务客户的过程中,有部分客户反映肉种鸡早产,对生产造成不利影响.实际生产中分析肉种鸡早产的原因并采取相应的措施非常关键.
1 肉种鸡早产的原因分析
1.1 光照
包括育成期光照强度过强;遮黑不严密,有漏光现象;鸡群免疫时,长时间使用强光;后转舍的光照强度高于前舍;光照刺激加光时间过早等情况. 相似文献
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AA肉种鸡产蛋期的主要管理要点有: (一)光照管理:与育成期正相反,肉种鸡产蛋期的光照时间,只宜适度增加,绝不能减少;光照强度只宜适度增加,不能降低。因此,肉种鸡开产后通常都采取保持光照办法,使鸡群每日光照时间固定在15或16小时(包括自然光照和人工光照),保持不变,直到淘汰时止,或在淘汰前,4周内增加到16或17小时,以提高种蛋产量。当自然光照不足,需补充人工光照时, 相似文献
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一种鸡舍光照系统的管理AA^＋肉种鸡鸡舍的光照系统可使用下列光源：白炽灯、荧光灯、高压钠灯等。在鸡舍内光照系统控制中重要的是要有24小时定时装置控制。定时钟应每周至少检查一次，如果在某一地区经常发生停电现象，有必要每天检查定时钟。 相似文献
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光照不应性是指鸡群对维持机体生产性能的光照周期或最初刺激没有产生反应。通常情况下,蛋鸡在生长发育过程中对光照比较敏感,不会存在光照不应性,虽然肉种鸡生长速度较快,但是对光照不敏感,目前仍然存在光照不应性。肉种鸡光照管理不当,在开产前进行光照刺激时,就会发生光照不应性,致使肉种鸡开产推迟、产蛋率上升缓慢、高峰产蛋率较低等,同时在产蛋期也会产生光照不应性,促使产蛋率下降速度加快,难以维持较高的产蛋水平,进而严重降低肉种鸡的生产性能。所以必须重视光照不应性对肉种鸡生产的不良影响,正确掌握光照不应性的特征和表现,在生产过程中根据鸡舍条件制定合理的光照程序,有利于充分挖掘肉种鸡的生产潜力。 相似文献
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肉种鸡生产中,有必要经常对鸡群进行现场观察,以便及时发现生产中存在的各种问题、突发性疾病的症状和家禽福利方面的问题。所有的鸡群每天都要有经验丰富的管理人员至少巡查2次。饲养管理人员应在鸡舍行走过程中以视野范围内（3米左右）的距离仔细观察鸡群。鸡舍内要有足够的光照强度,确保管理人员能够清楚地观察到所有的鸡只。肉种鸡群现场观察主要包括重视日常记录,每日解剖死淘鸡,进行必要的免疫监测,设备设施、鸡舍环境、鸡群观察和产蛋期的特殊观察等; 相似文献
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陈合强 《河南畜牧兽医(综合版)》2012,(1):13-15
种鸡生产中．有必要经常对鸡群进行现场观察．以便及时发现生产中存在的各种问题、突发性疾病和家禽福利方面的问题。通过观察鸡群的状态．及时发现病情．抓住治疗时机．减少不必要的经济损失。所有的鸡群每天都要由有经验丰富的管理人员至少巡查2次。饲养管理人员应在鸡舍行走过程中以视野范围内（大约3米左右）的距离仔细观察鸡群．鸡舍内要有足够的光照强度．确保管理人员能够清楚地观察到所有的鸡只。肉种鸡舍日常观察的内容主要有水、料、鸡舍环境（空气、光照、饲养空间）、产蛋情况、种公鸡情况、卫生、鸡群状态等。 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2016,25(3):315-321
This study investigated the effects of lighting intensity on egg production among white Roman geese kept in an environmentally controlled house. Two hundred and fifty-two White Roman geese aged 10 mo were randomly distributed among 12 pens, with each pen containing 5 ganders and 16 females on the floor, based on a completely random design (CRD). At the beginning of the study, each treatment group was comprised of 5 ganders and 16 geese in each pen; these groups included: control (40 lux group), geese under 170 lux (170 lux group), geese under 300 lux (300 lux group), and geese under 430 lux (430 lux group). The age of the geese at first lay was 10 mo, on average. The results showed that geese under 40 lux in egg number per goose or laying rate had lower than those of the 430 lux group. The reproductive characteristics were no different for the 170 lux, 300 lux, or 430 lux light groups. The hatchability in the 170 lux light group was significantly higher than in the 40 lux light group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the egg weight in the 170 lux and 430 lux groups was significantly heavier than the 40 lux light group (P < 0.05). Therefore, if lighting intensity supplementation of lux is defined as X (lux/geese), and egg number production is defined as Y4 (egg), then Y4 = 35.7 + 0.46X-0.002X2+0.00000296X3 (R2 = 0.868, P < 0.001) for the entire experimental period. In conclusion, geese raised under 170 lux lighting intensity in an environmentally controlled house achieved higher hatchability and egg weight during the laying season. 相似文献
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The possibility that egg production in broiler breeder hens may be increased by selection for reduced oviposition interval under continuous light was investigated by comparing the pattern of pre-ovulatory releases of plasma luteinising hormone (LH) and the associated ovipositions in the same broiler hens maintained under normal cycles (15.25 h light/d) or continuous light. The lighting conditions had no effect on plasma concentrations of LH before and at the pre-ovulatory LH peak in first, mid-sequence or terminal ovulatory cycles. Plasma LH concentrations were similar during first, mid-sequence and terminal ovulatory cycles. Mid-sequence oviposition intervals and the interval between a mid-sequence LH peak and its associated oviposition were longer under continuous light than under normal lighting. Pre-ovulatory releases of LH occurred during a restricted period of day in both lighting conditions. Under continuous lighting they were probably entrained by the daily pattern of restricted feeding. Any selection programme for reduced oviposition interval under continuous lighting in broiler breeder hens should take into account the entraining effects of the daily pattern of feeding. 相似文献
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试验检测了春季蛋鸭笼养舍内环境因子分布和蛋鸭生理机能及生产性能变化,为蛋鸭阶梯式笼养模式提出改进建议。结果表明:(1)蛋鸭舍内气载有害菌和粉尘浓度随纵向通风进程持续升高,上层鸭笼大肠杆菌属细菌气溶胶浓度显著低于中层和下层(P<0.05)。平均光照强度自进风口到出风口分布均匀,但上层笼极显著高于下层(P<0.01);(2)上层蛋鸭平均产蛋率(69.37%)显著高于下层蛋鸭(P<0.05);累计死淘率(0.11%)显著低于下层蛋鸭(P<0.05);(3)上层鸭蛋哈氏单位为68.2,极显著高于下层鸭蛋(P<0.01);(4)上层蛋鸭血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、下丘脑GnRH基因表达水平均显著高于下层蛋鸭(P<0.05);下丘脑CRH基因表达水平,脾脏IL-1β、IL-10和TNF-α基因表达水平显著低于下层蛋鸭(P<0.05)。以上结果显示,春季笼养蛋鸭舍内,不同空间位置环境因子分布不均匀,下层蛋鸭长期处于恶劣环境,增加了死亡率,降低了产蛋率和蛋品质。 相似文献
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The effects of the growth curve from 15 to 20 weeks, age at photostimulation and pattern of photostimulus on sexual maturity, egg production and egg weight were evaluated in two trials with broiler breeder females to 56 and 34 weeks of age (housed in litter pens and individually caged, respectively). Carcase composition and reproductive morphology of hens varying in laying efficiency were measured in the second trial. Trial 1: Four growth curves were applied from 15 to 20 weeks to pullets housed in litter pens. Birds were transferred from 8- to 10-h photoperiods at 20 or 24 weeks of age, followed by weekly increments of one hour to reach a 16-h final photoperiod. Lower-than-recommended body weights at 20 weeks significantly delayed sexual maturity, reduced peak rate of lay, total eggs and mean egg weight. However, double-yolked egg production was lower, resulting in non-significant differences in settable egg numbers between body weight treatments. Birds reared to the heaviest body weight exhibited a significantly advanced sexual maturity, but total egg numbers, peak rate of lay and mean egg weight were not significantly affected. However, the laying of more double-yolked eggs resulted in a decrease in the number of settable eggs. Delaying photostimulation to 24 weeks significantly retarded sexual maturity, reduced total and settable egg numbers, and increased mean egg weight. A tendency for fewer double-yolked eggs was observed. Trial 2: At 19 weeks, birds were selected from the 4 body weight categories in Trial 1 and moved to individual cages in 8 rooms. Five lighting programmes were applied. The pattern of photostimulation applied did not affect any of the production traits measured. At 34 weeks, 24 birds were selected for the analysis of reproductive morphology, presence of internal or multiple ovulations, and carcase composition. Eight hens showing an early age at first egg and regular egg production records, 8 birds showing erratic laying performance and 8 non-layers were killed for this purpose. There were no differences in carcase composition or reproductive morphology between these groups. No internal ovulations or double or multiple ovarian hierarchies were observed. The results presented confirm that broiler breeders do not require a lighting stimulus in order to initiate ovarian activity and that, where no lighting stimulus is given, body weight or feeding level plays a critical role in stimulating the birds to attain sexual maturity. However, when a lighting stimulus is given, factors such as body weight and body composition become relatively less important in regulating the age at sexual maturity. 相似文献
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1. Sex‐linked albino (s al ) and S (Silver) female chicks were hatched from heterozygous sires from a brown egg‐type line. They were raised in a windowless house and at 17 weeks of age were caged individually in 4 rooms with white fluorescent tubes: two rooms had a “low” light intensity (less than 10 lux) and two had a “high” intensity (average near 400 lux). In total, 157 females completed the experiment.
2. Body weight, sexual maturity, egg weight, the number of abnormal and cracked eggs, efficiency of food utilisation and mortality were not affected either by lighting treatment or by genotype.
3. The genotype X treatment interaction was highly significant for egg number, laying percentage and clutch length to 362 d. The S females were not affected by light intensity. Albino hens of “high” light intensity were superior to the other 3 groups, laying 12 per cent more eggs than non‐albino hens; but their egg production was moderately depressed by “dim” light relative to others. 相似文献
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A comparative study was made of biliary and liver lipid compositions during the growth and egg laying periods of the broiler bird. The liver lipids showed high concentrations of triacylglycerols at seven weeks old which increased when egg laying proceeded. At seven weeks old the lipids of the bile also showed high levels of triacylglycerols which decreased with the onset of egg laying but increased slightly as egg laying proceeded. At seven weeks old the fatty acid composition of the bile triacylglycerols differed from that of the liver which in turn was different from that of the liver at the onset of egg laying. In particular the bile triacylglycerols had lower levels of oleic but higher levels of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids. By the late egg laying period, the fatty acid compositions of the bile and liver triacylglycerols were similar. The unique bile lipid composition and its changes are discussed in relationship to the major features of liver lipid metabolism in the broiler bird and the mechanism of lipid deposition during egg laying. 相似文献
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1. Cobb broiler breeders were fed to achieve typical body weight targets (2.1 kg at 20 weeks) on 6-, 8-, 10- or 16-h fully or intermittently illuminated (Biomittent) photoperiods in controlled-environment housing to 20 weeks, then moved to open-sided housing and 16-h photoperiods to 60 weeks. 2. At each photoperiod, birds given Biomittent lighting had heavier body weights up to 42 d, lighter body weights between 49 and 140 d, but similar body weights at sexual maturity. 3. Irrespective of lighting type, birds given 8-h photoperiods matured 3 to 4 d earlier than 6- or 10-h birds, but all matured=15 d before 16-h birds. 4. There were no significant differences between the 6-, 8- or 10-h groups for total eggs, mean egg weight or egg mass output, but all three produced=13 more, but =0.5 g smaller, eggs and =0.83 kg more egg mass to 60 weeks than 16-h birds. The proportion of abnormally large eggs was low (0.73/bird) and similar for all lighting groups. Egg production for a given period after sexual maturity was similar for all groups, and so differences among groups could be explained by the differences in age at sexual maturity. 相似文献
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旨在研究强制换羽对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响。选取80周龄海兰褐蛋鸡4 500只,分为A、B、C组,每组1 500只,于试验组Ⅰ区饲养;选取60周龄海兰褐蛋鸡3 000只,分为D、E组,每组1 500只,于试验组Ⅱ区饲养;另选取60周龄海兰褐蛋鸡1 500只（F组）,于对照组Ⅲ区饲养。试验组Ⅰ区和试验组Ⅱ区位于同一栋鸡舍,对照组Ⅲ区位于另外一栋鸡舍。采取饲料、饮水、光照控制的方式对A~E组鸡群进行强制换羽处理;F组不进行强制换羽处理。试验包括7 d的预试期和56 d的正试期。在正试期内,测定各组鸡群的产蛋率、蛋品质指标、死亡率。结果表明：与换羽前相比,强制换羽后A、B、C组的平均产蛋率的提高幅度为27.1%,强制换羽后D、E组的平均产蛋率的提高幅度为16.1%,换羽后F组的平均产蛋率的降低幅度为5.5%;5个接受强制换羽处理的试验组（A~E组）与对照组（F组）相比,蛋重增加2.5%,蛋壳强度提高11.8%,蛋白高度提高8.8%,蛋形指数提高3.3%,蛋壳尖端的厚度提高14.8%;5个接受强制换羽处理的试验组（A~E组）的平均死亡率为2.5%,对照组（F组）的死亡率为1.5%。综上所述,强制换羽技术的应用可以明显提高海兰褐蛋鸡的产蛋率,并提升蛋品质。 相似文献
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本研究旨在比较不同产蛋水平肉种鸡繁殖性能、肠道组织形态、卵巢功能和盲肠微生物区系的差异。试验选用5000只同栋舍37周龄的爱拔益加父母代肉种鸡,记录2周内每只肉种鸡的产蛋率、受精率和孵化率,分别筛选出高和平均2种不同产蛋水平的肉种鸡各90只,设为2个组,分别为平均产蛋率组[AR组,产蛋率(79.34±0.49)%]和高产蛋率组[HR组,产蛋率(90.03±0.34)%],每组10个重复,每个重复9只鸡。预试期2周,正试期6周。结果表明:与AR组相比,HR组肉种鸡产蛋率和入孵蛋孵化率显著升高(P<0.05),血清谷丙转氨酶活性显著降低(P<0.05),空肠绒毛高度显著降低(P<0.05),回肠隐窝深度显著升高(P<0.05),卵巢细胞凋亡率极显著降低(P<0.01),卵巢促凋亡蛋白半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶9(caspase 9)、卵泡发育相关蛋白骨形态发生蛋白受体1B(BMPR1B)、家鸡新型类催乳素(PRL?L)和转录因子GATA4表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),盲肠厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05),盲肠拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和螺旋体门(Spirochaetes)相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。肉种鸡盲肠拟杆菌门相对丰度与卵巢BMPR1B和GATA4表达水平呈显著负相关(P<0.05),盲肠厚壁菌门相对丰度与卵巢BMPR1B、GATA4表达水平呈显著正相关(P<0.05),盲肠乳杆菌属相对丰度与卵巢caspase 9、BMPR1B、GATA4、PRL?L表达水平呈显著正相关(P<0.05),盲肠螺杆菌属(Helicobacter)相对丰度与卵巢GATA4表达水平呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。综上所述,本试验结果表明,不同产蛋水平肉种鸡肠道组织形态、盲肠微生物区系和卵巢功能存在显著差异,盲肠厚壁菌门和乳杆菌属相对丰度与高繁殖性能密切相关。 相似文献