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禽沙门菌病是由沙门氏菌属中的任何一个或多个成员引起禽类的一大群急性或慢性疾病。目前有2 500多个血清型,也是家禽最为重要的蛋传细菌病之一。在所有动物中,最常报道的沙门氏菌(鸡白痢沙门菌、禽伤寒沙门菌、副伤寒沙门菌、肠炎沙门菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌)绝大部分来源于家禽和禽产品,其中诱发禽副伤寒的沙门菌能广泛感染各种动物和人类。本文通过血清学方法对上海部分鸡场禽沙门菌的抗体情况进行了检测分析。 相似文献
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同时感染雏鸡群的两种血清型沙门菌的鉴定及药敏试验 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
沙门菌是肠杆菌科中的一个大属,目前已有2500种以上血清型,它们广泛存在于人和各种动物的肠道内。在自然界中,家禽是其最主要的贮存宿主。禽沙门菌病是由沙门菌属中的某一种或多种沙门氏菌引起的禽类急性或慢性疾病的总称,由鸡白痢和鸡伤寒沙门菌引起的疾病分别称为鸡白痢和鸡伤寒,而由有鞭毛能运动的沙门菌引起的疾病则称为禽副伤寒。本试验系应用细菌学和PCR检测技术,对安徽省濉溪县一起可疑雏鸡沙门菌病进行细菌分离鉴定,从而确定病型类别,并对分离菌株实施血清学分型和药物感受性分析。 相似文献
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全球禽肉生产和贸易中的沙门菌风险评估与控制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G.Mead A.M.Lammerding N.Cox M.P.Doyle F.Humbert A.Kulikocskiy A.Panin V.P.do Nascimento M.Wierup 《中国家禽》2011,33(5)
1 禽源沙门菌对公共卫生的影响
在许多国家,沙门菌仍是引发食源性肠道疾病的主要原因.沙门菌通常存在于家畜、家禽中,也可在啮齿类、爬行类和鸟类等野生动物中发现.当农场的禽群感染沙门菌后,通常会有一部分家禽的消化道中携带沙门菌,但并无症状.随后,沙门菌可能会通过粪便污染感染动物屠体. 相似文献
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1 国内禽病流行现状特征 1.1 禽病种类繁多,新病不断出现,人兽共患病增多近10～20年我国家禽养殖业发展迅速,但新疾病有15～16种,且传播速度快.人兽共患病亦增多,形势严峻.典型例子是沙门菌感染,在我国非常普遍.沙门菌种类很多,肠炎沙门菌感染不仅在我国,在美国上升的趋势也很快.需引起重视的是,新港沙门菌对很多抗生素均有抗性,一旦感染动物或人类,很难控制. 相似文献
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沙门菌和弯曲杆菌一直是食品源病的主要原因，它们通常伴随着家禽产品而传播。同时沙门菌传播依据季节、地区、禽群和环境不同而变化很大，研究者发现如果在禽产品初加工车间检出3％～4％的沙门菌阳性率，加工过程结束后阳性检出率将达到20％-35％。因而可以肯定，交叉污染是控制沙门菌必须克服的一道难题。 相似文献
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家禽的传染病传播迅速、流行广泛，发病率和死亡率高，是养禽业中存在的最大危害，也给养禽业带来巨大的经济损失。沙门菌是革兰阴性、细胞内寄生的一种肠道菌。该菌广泛存在于自然界中，不但能引起家畜、家禽及其他动物发生急性、慢性或隐性感染，发生急性败血症、胃肠炎，而且还能通过污染食物导致人的食物中毒，对人类健康造成很大的威胁。尤其是肠炎沙门菌最为常见，是禽副伤寒的主要病原体，人和禽中分离率高，主要引起畜禽的胃肠炎及人类肠炎和食物中毒，已被认为是最主要的沙门菌食物中毒源。人类的沙门菌感染和食物中毒常常来源于家禽和禽产品，因此禽副伤寒在公共卫生上有重要意义。 相似文献
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Salmonella is a member of the Salmonella family of Enterobacteriaceae and has about 2 600 different serotypes. As a widely distributed conditional pathogen,it has a serious impact on animal health, public safety and food safety.Pathogenic Salmonella can cause paratyphoid fever, pullorosis, avian typhoid and avian paratyphoid, non-pathogenic Salmonella may cause the contamination of animal-derived food. With the rapid development of aquaculture in recent years, the adverse effects of Salmonella to livestock and poultry breeding industry is more and more terrible.Antibiotic resistance of Salmonella resulting from abuse of antimicrobial agents is becoming more serious,thereby increasing the difficulty of Salmonella control. In this paper, Salmonella clinical diagnosis, laboratory diagnosis, the problems of prevention and treatment were reviewed in order to provide a reference for the improvement of salmonellosis prevention and control of livestock and poultry. 相似文献
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沙门氏菌为肠杆菌科沙门氏菌属成员,具有约2 600种血清型,其在自然界中十分普遍,是一种条件致病菌,对畜禽健康、人类公共安全、食品安全都有严重的影响。近年来,随着养殖业的迅速发展,沙门氏菌对畜禽养殖业的影响越来越严重。实际生产中的抗生素滥用导致沙门氏菌的耐药状况愈发严重,致病性沙门氏菌可引起猪副伤寒、鸡白痢、禽伤寒、禽副伤寒等畜禽疾病,非致病性沙门氏菌可能造成动物源性食品的污染,加大了防制的难度。作者主要从沙门氏菌临床诊断、实验室诊断及预防和治疗中存在的问题进行了综述,以期为畜禽沙门氏菌病防制措施的改进提供参考依据。 相似文献
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Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolates from the broiler chicken industry in Ontario. 
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下载免费PDF全文 C McGarr W R Mitchell H C Carlson N A Fish 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1977,41(1):107-111
Antibacterial drug resistance among 219 salmonella isolates recovered during 1974 from poultry and poultry environments at the various production stages of broiler chickens in three integrated Ontario companies are recorded. All isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, trimethroprim-sulfamethoxazole complex, furazolidone, cephaloridine and amoxicillin. A relative increase in resistance to tetracycline and streptomycin with an accompanying decrease in resistance to triple sulfa compound was recorded when compared to a previous investigation of avian salmonella isolates in Ontario. The percentage and patterns of antimicrobial resistance were comparable at the various stages of production. Resistance to tetracycline and streptomycin was the most common pattern found among both Salmonella typhimurium and other serotypes. A notably high prevalence of resistance was found among Salmonella enteritidis isolates including some isolates with R factors for chloramphenicol resistance. This latter finding is of particular concern because of the high prevalence of this serotype in poultry and in human salmonellosis. 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2015,24(3):408-426
Salmonella enterica is a zoonotic pathogen which can readily pass from animal to man through the consumption of contaminated food. The prevalence of Salmonella enterica associated with poultry and poultry meat products has been well-documented and this prevalence has both public health and economic implications. The estimated total cost for nontyphoidal Salmonella is in excess of 14 billion dollars/year in the United States alone. Almost 41,930 cases of nontyphoidal foodborne salmonellosis are confirmed annually with an estimated total number of 1 million cases of foodborne salmonellosis not reported. The emergence of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella recovered from meat products has heightened concerns regarding antimicrobial use in food animal production. This review will cover the history and taxonmy of Salmonella enterica, Salmonella in poultry and poultry products, colonization factors, transmission, detection and characterization, antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance, mechanisms of resistance in Salmonella by class, transmission of antimicrobial resistance, and the global implications of antimicrobial resistance. 相似文献
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Two small free range flocks with 32 hens, whose Salmonella enteritidis contaminated eggs caused salmonellosis in man, were investigated for localisation of the agent. Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 was isolated from 12 of 32 hens (37.5%). Eight hens (25%) harbored the bacterium in the ovary and/or the oviduct. The rapid slide agglutination test with Salmonella pullorum-antigen revealed 21 positive hens (66%). All eight hens with Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 in the reproductive tract were seropositive. The significance of these findings for the control of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4-infections in poultry is discussed. 相似文献
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To get an impression of the presence of pathogens in multi-aged flocks of old fancy chicken breeds in the Netherlands, plasma samples originating from 24 flocks were examined for antibodies against 17 chicken pathogens. These flocks were housed mainly in the centre and east of the Netherlands, regions with a high poultry density. The owners of the tested flocks showed their chicken at national and international poultry exhibitions. Antibodies against Avian Influenza, Egg Drop Syndrome '76 virus, Pox virus, Salmonella pullorum/gallinarum, Salmonella Enteritidis or Salmonella Typhimurium were not detected. However, antibodies against other Salmonella species, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, infectious bursal disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, avian encephalomyelitis virus, chicken anaemia virus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, and avian leukosis virus, subgroups A and B, and subgroup J were detected in a varying proportion of the flocks. This study shows that antibodies against many chicken pathogens are present among the flocks of old fancy chicken breeds that are exhibited at international poultry exhibitions. 相似文献
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Loharikar A Briere E Schwensohn C Weninger S Wagendorf J Scheftel J Garvey A Warren K Villamil E Rudroff JA Kurkjian K Levine S Colby K Morrison B May A Anderson S Daly E Marsden-Haug N Erdman MM Gomez T Rhorer A Castleman J Adams JK Theobald L Lafon P Trees E Mitchell J Sotir MJ Behravesh CB 《Zoonoses and public health》2012,59(5):347-354
Outbreaks of human salmonellosis associated with live poultry contact have been reported since 1955. Multiple Salmonella serotypes have been associated with these outbreaks, and specific outbreak strains have been repeatedly linked to single hatcheries over multiple years. During 2009, four multistate outbreaks of human Salmonella infections associated with direct and indirect exposure to live poultry purchased from mail-order hatcheries and agricultural feed stores were identified, resulting in 165 culture-confirmed cases in 30 states. This report describes the epidemiologic, environmental and laboratory investigations conducted by state and local health departments, state departments of agriculture, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP) and National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Case-patients were identified through PulseNet, the national molecular subtyping network for foodborne disease surveillance, and interviewed using the CDC standard live poultry contact questionnaire that asks about poultry-related exposures during the 7 days before illness onset. These outbreaks highlight the need to focus efforts on strategies to decrease and prevent human illness associated with live poultry contact through comprehensive interventions at the mail-order hatchery, agricultural feed store and consumer levels. Additional consumer education and interventions at mail-order hatcheries and venues where live poultry are sold, including agricultural feed stores, are necessary to prevent transmission of Salmonella from poultry to humans. 相似文献
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Postmortem examinations were carried out on the carcases of 779 wild birds. Salmonellosis was a common cause of death in greenfinches (Carduelis chloris), house sparrows (Passer domesticus) and chaffinches (Fringilla coelebs), and was also responsible for the deaths of other birds such as goldfinches (Carduelis carduelis), feral pigeons and different species of gulls. Most cases of salmonellosis in finches occurred between January and March, whereas salmonellosis in house sparrows tended to occur between October and March. Salmonella Typhimurium DT40 and DT56 (variant) predominated in finches and sparrows, DT41 and DT195 were the most common strains isolated from gulls, and DT2 and DT99 were recovered from feral pigeons. These "wild bird" strains of Salmonella made up less than 0.5 per cent of the isolates of Salmonella recovered from cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens or turkeys in Great Britain over the same period, but they made up nearly 3 per cent of the isolates from more extensively reared avian livestock such as gamebirds, ducks and geese. 相似文献
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Rautenschlein S 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2005,112(8):310-312
Before the implementation of strategies to establish specified pathogen-free commercial poultry flocks, the ultimate goals need to be identified: 1) consumer protection by minimizing the risk for zoonotic diseases and food-borne pathogens, and/or 2) animal health protection against primary and secondary pathogens. The success for the establishment of specific pathogen-free poultry flocks depends on the biological characteristics, the epidemiological distribution and the transmission route of each pathogen. For zoonotic pathogens such as Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis, Campylobacter jejuni or the high pathogenic avian influenza virus, eradication has to be ultimate goal. Despite tremendous control efforts in field, only partial control of these pathogens has been achieved so far. In the future it will be necessary to continue these eradication efforts by combining optimized hygiene programs at all production levels with intensive monitoring and immunoprophylaxis. For primary pathogens affecting the health condition of poultry without known zoonotic potential, such as Salmonella Gallinarum, avian Mycoplasma or leucosis virus, specified pathogen free flocks have been established on the parent and grandparent level. In order to achieve a status free of these pathogens, rigid hygiene control, especially on the hatchery level and monitoring programs combined with elimination of pathogen- and antibody-positive birds were implemented. Nevertheless, the economically most important diseases of modern poultry production are of multifactorial origin. Ubiquitous secondary pathogens in combination with insufficient management or immunosuppressive agents induce great economic losses for the poultry producers. These secondary pathogens can not be eliminated due to their ubiquitous distribution. In the future only a reduction of these factorial diseases will be possible combining hygiene management and optimization of poultry husbandry. For the establishment of specified pathogen free poultry flocks in the field, risk analysis is necessary and the structure of poultry production has to be considered before and eradication program can be carried out successfully. 相似文献
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Zamperini K Soni V Waltman D Sanchez S Theriault EC Bray J Maurer JJ 《Avian diseases》2007,51(4):958-964
Although Salmonella remains one of the leading causes of foodborne illnesses in the United States, the Salmonella enterica serovars and genetic types associated with most infections appear to fluctuate over time. Recently, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has reported an increase in cases of salmonellosis caused by Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:-. Similarly, this unusual Salmonella serovar has been isolated from cattle and poultry in the state of Georgia. We examined the genetic relatedness of Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:-, isolated from several different poultry companies and dairy farms in Georgia, by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Several Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- isolates had PFGE patterns identical or similar to PFGE patterns of Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from numerous animal sources. We identified distinct PFGE patterns for Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- and matching Salmonella Typhimurium PFGE patterns, identifying four "distinct" strains. We focused a more specific analysis on the poultry Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- and Salmonella Typhimurium isolates and found that of these Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- isolates, 32% lacked the entire phase 2 antigen gene, fljB; 61% contained partial deletion(s); and 4% had partial deletion(s) in fljB and an adjacent gene hin, 5' to fljB. Thirteen percent contained smaller deletions or point mutations not identified by our DNA probes. The Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- isolates were positive for several genes present in the Salmonella Typhimurium, including lpfE (100%), sseI(96%), and spvC (93%). Genetic analysis indicates independent, spontaneous mutations in fljB in at least four distinct Salmonella Typhimurium strains of animal origin circulating in nature. 相似文献