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1.
杨树品系抗杨干象水平及其与木质部和韧皮部硬度等关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】研究不同品系杨树的亲本来源、干部硬度等特性与抗性的关系，为杨树抗杨干象新品系的选育提供参考。【方法】连续2年研究11个亲本来源的67个不同杨树品系2～3年生杨树的被害株率、杨干象虫口密度与杨树木质部硬度、韧皮部硬度、韧皮部厚度、胸径以及各品系杨树亲本来源的关系。【结果】1)杨树木质部硬度达到(45.43±3.59)HD为免疫品系，硬度达到(44.17±2.76)HD为高抗虫品系，抗虫、感虫和高感品系木质部平均硬度分别为(43.6±0.53) HD、(40.39±2.98) HD 和(39.47±2.98) HD；杨树韧皮部硬度达到(33.96±4.72) HD为免疫品系，硬度达到(32.61±2.69)HD为高抗品系，抗虫、感虫和高感品系韧皮部平均硬度分别为(31.13±0.72)HD、(28.08±3.98) HD 和(24.75±3.19) HD。2)胸径达到(33.38±6.08) mm 为免疫品系，胸径达到(36.65±3)mm为高抗虫品系，抗虫、感虫和高感品系平均胸径分别为(41.31±1.56) mm、(43.34±6.8) mm、(48.16±2.52)mm。3)经杨树抗性水平与亲本来源关系综合分析可知，亲本为美洲黑杨×小青杨、美洲黑杨×青杨、美洲黑杨×甜杨的多数品系为抗虫品系，亲本为欧洲黑杨×美洲黑杨、美洲黑杨、美洲黑杨×马氏杨、欧洲黑杨×小叶杨的多数品系为感虫品系。【结论】杨树木质部硬度与韧皮部硬度越大抗杨干象能力越强，木质部硬度与韧皮部硬度越小抗杨干象能力越弱。生长相对较快的品系胸径大，其抗性差。不同品系杨树亲本来源不同其抗杨干象能力也不同。青杨派的小青杨、青杨、甜杨为亲本抗虫性强，黑杨派的美洲黑杨、欧洲黑杨为亲本抗虫性差。在抗杨干象品系育种工作中应选择青杨、小青杨或甜杨做为亲本；避免以美洲黑杨或欧洲黑杨为亲本。 相似文献
2.
杨树花粉植株的诱导 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
自从1964年Guha等人利用花药离体培养成功地获得曼陀罗花粉植株以来,世界一些国家和我国相继开展了杨树花药培养诱导单倍体植株的研究。我们于1975年春开始杨树花药培养的研究,5、6月份开始进行器官分化,当年12月获得了杨树小植株。1976年春移入苗圃,通过几年的工作,诱导成功的有小叶杨×美杨+旱柳、小叶杨×黑杨(P.simonii×P.nigra)、P15A、北京杨、中东杨(P.berolinensis)、美杨、美杨×青杨(P.nigra.var.italica×P.cathayana)健杨、欧洲黑杨、美杨×欧洲黑杨(P.nigra var.italica×P.nigra)、箭杆杨×欧洲黑杨(P.nigra var.thevestina×P.nigra)、银白杨×小叶杨(P.alba L×P.simonii)、欧洲黑杨×小叶杨(P.nigra×P.simonii)、胡杨14种杨树花粉植株,已移入苗圃九百余株,三年生最高3.9米。小叶杨×滇杨、香杨、合作杨、山海关杨(美洲黑杨)、草杂杨(小叶杨×美杨天然杂种)、加杨、格鲁德杨和新疆杨都已进行过器官分化,其中部分未能从小芽抽茎长成植株,部分在试验中因污染而死亡。 相似文献
3.
千百年来,杨树一直是华北平原农村绿化的主要树种,在杨、柳、榆、槐四大用材树种当中,杨树毋庸置疑居于首位。新中国成立前,中原地区主要栽植的杨树品种是以毛白杨(白杨派),小叶杨(青杨派)为主的乡土树种;50年代初,以钻天杨(美洲黑杨)取代中原地区的小叶杨,很快由于光肩星天牛的猖獗危害而被欧美杨(美洲黑杨×欧洲黑杨)所代替;20世纪50年代末,由于同样的原因,欧美杨被中原地区本地选育的大官杨(小叶杨×美杨)所代替,大官杨广泛推广的结果,使中原地区的 相似文献
4.
美洲黑杨(Populus deltoides Marsh.)是北美的一个重要杨树种,69杨(P.deltoid-es CV.‘I-69/55’或者 P.deltoides CV.‘L-ux’是意大利从美洲黑杨中选育出的一个优良无性系。各国杨树育种工作者用美洲黑杨与欧洲黑杨杂交培育出许多欧美杨品种,也用美洲黑杨与青杨派树种杂交培育出不少品种。近年来,一些国家对美洲黑杨与青杨派树种的杂交尤为重视,如比利时、新西兰等国用美洲黑杨与毛果杨(P.tricoca-pa)、滇杨(P.yunnanensis)等杂交,选出了一些较好的无性系。我国青杨派树种的种类多,分布广。育种工作者曾用小叶杨(P.simonii)、青杨(P.cathayana)等与欧洲黑杨(P.nigra) 相似文献
5.
6.
通过正交试验研究以收率为指标的CO2超临界萃取小叶杨树皮挥发物的最佳萃取工艺条件.结果表明:萃取压力25 MPa、温度50℃、时间60 min为小叶杨树皮挥发物的最佳萃取条件,收率为3.56%;依此条件分别萃取白城二号杨、小黑杨、俄罗斯杨、中东杨、小青杨、小青×黑杨、大青杨、斯大林杨、银中杨和小叶杨的树皮挥发物.采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对挥发物的化学组成及相对含量进行测定.结果表明:挥发性物质主要包括醛类、酯类、酸类、烃类等化合物,其中以酸类物质含量最高,其他物质含量均较低;萘、醌、奠、酮等大分子物质含量较少;中东杨和斯大林杨树皮中特异化合物种类较多.同时利用"Y"形嗅觉仪测定青杨脊虎天牛对10种杨树树皮100 μL挥发物的行为反应.结果表明,雄成虫对小青杨的选择率54.17%,为最高;雌成虫对小青x黑杨的最大选择率为58.33%,其次是对小青杨和中东杨的选择率54.17%.雄成虫对10种杨树树皮CO_2超临界萃取液的选择率差异不显著(P＞0.05),而雌成虫呈显著差异(P＜0.05). 相似文献
7.
[目的]利用不同于抗生素的PMI为选择标记基因的遗传转化体系,对杨树进行双抗虫基因(Bt和CpTI)的转基因研究.建立杨树以PMI为安全标记基因的转基因体系,为安全、高效的林木转基因育种研究提供实验依据.[方法]选择已有的转CpTI抗虫基因(利用Kmr选择标记获得)的美洲黑杨杂种优良无性系南林895杨(Populus ×euramericana ‘Nanlin895’)为受体材料,对杨树叶片、叶片分化芽、茎段生根的甘露糖敏感性等筛选优化,采用农杆菌介导的方法进行双抗虫基因的研究.[结果]较为适合的杨树叶片筛选培养基为:甘露糖8 g·L-1和蔗糖22 g·L-1;叶片分化芽筛选培养基为:甘露糖10 g·L-1和蔗糖20 g·L-1;茎段生根筛选培养基:甘露糖8 g·L-1和蔗糖22 g·L-1.在此基础上,获得了转Bt和CpTI双抗虫基因的植株8株.[结论]初步建立了以PMI为安全标记基因的杨树转基因体系:确定了PMI筛选的最适选择压,成功构建了含PMI选择标记基因的植物抗虫表达载体,通过农杆菌介导的遗传转化最终获得了转双抗虫基因植株. 相似文献
8.
中金系列杨树新品种特性及效益分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
1 中金系列杨树概述中金系列杨树是中国林科院黄东升教授等用速生性的美洲黑杨与抗性、干形优良的欧洲黑杨、青杨进行杂交后 ,在省杨树林局铺设试验林 ,从 30 0 0多个杂交单株中选育出来的。中金 2号杨由美洲黑杨× (美×黑 )杂交 ,中金 3号、中金 8号由 I- 69×青杨杂交 ,中金 7号由美洲黑杨×箭黑杂交 ,中金 10号由美黑×青杨杂交。这些杨树品种已于 1999年 12月 1日通过山西省科学技术委员会鉴定 ,并颁发了“科学技术成果鉴定证书”(晋科鉴定〔1999〕第 2 31号 )。鉴定委员会一致认为 :“该项研究在杨树多样性选育和选育方法上具有显著… 相似文献
9.
[目的]为探讨额河杨和银灰杨天然杂种的起源机制,[方法]应用18对SSR标记,从分子水平上对新疆额尔齐斯河流域杨属植物的种间关系进行分析研究。[结果]表明:(1)SSR系统发育树将整个流域天然杨属植物分为两大类群,即黑杨派和青杨派为一类,白杨派为一类;(2)白杨派派内系统聚类图显示,银白杨、欧洲山杨、银灰杨三个树种均有较大的遗传分化,特别是杂种银灰杨似乎更大;(3)黑杨派和青杨派的UPGMA分类图显示,青杨派和黑杨派分属于2个分支,其中,青杨派内部分化相对简单,分为2支,均为典型的苦杨;黑杨派内部的分化较为复杂,可分为4类,包括典型的欧洲黑杨、额河杨和回交子代。[结论]杂种额河杨具有更多的欧洲黑杨的遗传成分,因此,将额河杨放到黑杨派是正确的。 相似文献
10.
[目的]为探讨额河杨和银灰杨天然杂种的起源机制,[方法]应用18对SSR标记,从分子水平上对新疆额尔齐斯河流域杨属植物的种间关系进行分析研究。[结果]表明:(1)SSR系统发育树将整个流域天然杨属植物分为两大类群,即黑杨派和青杨派为一类,白杨派为一类;(2)白杨派派内系统聚类图显示,银白杨、欧洲山杨、银灰杨三个树种均有较大的遗传分化,特别是杂种银灰杨似乎更大;(3)黑杨派和青杨派的UPGMA分类图显示,青杨派和黑杨派分属于2个分支,其中,青杨派内部分化相对简单,分为2支,均为典型的苦杨;黑杨派内部的分化较为复杂,可分为4类,包括典型的欧洲黑杨、额河杨和回交子代。[结论]杂种额河杨具有更多的欧洲黑杨的遗传成分,因此,将额河杨放到黑杨派是正确的。 相似文献
11.
THEACTIONLAWoFADULTThcadultsofOsierweevilwereobservedonafixedspotinfieldandraisedindoorsandinfieldseparatelyinl987-9o.Theboxes(4()x4()x6ocm)ineachofWhichl5pairsofadultswereplacedwereusedwiththrcere-peats.Thesamesizesofboxesinwhichtl1eadultsxvcrcraisedx`eredesignedindoorswithtWorepeats.l5canswerealsousedineachofwhlchapairofadultwasplaced.ThefreshbranchesofPoplarthattheadultswcrelikctoeatt`crereplacedilladayabout.ThcEmcrgcnccLawofAdultOsierwecvilstartcdemergenceinthclasttendaysofJuly.… 相似文献
12.
In order to discover which ectomycorrhizal-(ECM) fungi have better growth-promoting effects on poplars, cuttings from four
poplar species were inoculated with nine species of ECM fungi by three methods. We investigated the status of mycorrhizal
formation and the effects of these fungi on the growth of the poplars. The results show that Xrocomus chrysentero (Xc), Boletus edulis (Be), Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) and Laccaria amethystea (La) formed clear ectomycorrhizal symbiosis with the poplar seedlings. Among these four ECM fungi, Xc had the greatest ability
to develop mycorrhizae with all four poplar species. Be shows a greater ability to form mycorrhizae with Populus deltoides Bartr cv. ‘Lux’ (Poplar I-69). Pt and La had relatively weaker abilities of colonization. The other five ECM fungal species,
i.e., Scleroderma luteus (Sl), Leccinum scabrum (Ls), Boletus speciosus (Bs), Calvatia craniiformis (Cc) and Rhizopogen luteous (Rl) could not easily form mycorrhizae with poplar seedlings grown in sterilized substrates, but could do so in non-sterilized
soil. With the method of drilling and injecting liquid inoculum, a simple operation, the mycorrhizal infection rates were
higher than with the other two methods, applying solid inoculum as fertilizer at the bottom of the pots and dipping roots
in the inoculum slurry. P. simonii Carr. formed mycorrhizae with most of the nine ECM fungi. P. x euramericana (Dode) Guinier cv. ’san Martino’ (Poplar I-72) and P. deltoids Harvard x P. deltoids Lux (Poplar NL-351) had the highest compatibility with Pt. Poplar I-69 shows the highest compatibility with Xc. The study
indicates that the optimal ECM fungi for poplars I-69, I-72 and NL-351 were Be, Xc and Pt, respectively. The optimal fungi
for P. simonii Carr. were Xc and Be. These ECM fungi promoted the growth of the poplar seedlings significantly.
__________
Translated from Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2007, 31(6): 29–33 [译自: 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版)] 相似文献
13.
Michael K. O’Neill Samuel C. Allen Robert F. Heyduck Kevin A. Lombard Dan Smeal Richard N. Arnold 《Agroforestry Systems》2014,88(3):387-396
A provenance test was initiated in spring 2002 at the New Mexico State University Agricultural Science Center at Farmington to examine the adaptability of various hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) crosses to the high elevation, semi-arid conditions of this region of the Southwestern United States. Ten crosses of P. deltoides, P. maximowiczii, P. nigra and P. trichocarpa obtained from nurseries in the Pacific Northwest were grown in replicates (3 plots × 16 trees) under drip irrigation programmed to match tree evapotranspiration (ET) rates. By the end of year 10, six crosses had maintained a 90 % or higher survival rate and had an average wood volume of 246 m3 ha?1. The P. deltoides × P. nigra (P. × canadensis) clone OP-367 surpassed a ten-year commercial target of 25-cm diameter at breast height (DBH) after eight seasons, and by the end of 2011 attained a DBH of 28.0 cm, height of 19.9 m and wood volume of 473 m3 ha?1. Results suggest that hybrid poplar production is possible in this type of semi-arid environment using appropriate germplasm and drip irrigation regimes scheduled according to tree ET demand. 相似文献
14.
Inoculation experiment was made for 15 poplar species to determine their resistance toMarssonina brunnea by the agar leaf-dise technique and the water-culture shoots technique. The results show thatPopulus simonii andP nigra var.thevestina are very suseeptible to the disease:P. davidiana andP. koreana are slightly resistant to the disease:P. ussurrensis has high resistance, and the others remain moderate resistance. Experiments are also made for healthy leaves to analysis
the inorganic element content and water content. And the results show that the contents of Fe and Ca are remarkbly negatively
related to the resistance of poplars toMarssonina brunnea.
(Responsible Editor: Sun Yueqi) 相似文献
15.
《Forest Ecology and Management》2007,238(1-3):92-106
Wood density is considered as one of the most important wood properties which affects the properties and value of both fibrous and solid wood products. The present study was intended for evaluating the possibilities of improving wood quality and growth of poplar hybrids. Wood density components of individual growth rings (minimum and maximum wood density, average ring density) and growth traits (tree height, dbh, stem volume) were measured in four 10- and 12-year-old clonal trials of four poplar hybrids, Populus deltoides × P. nigra, P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides, P. maximowiczii × P. balsamifera, and P. balsamifera × P. nigra, as well as P. deltoides. Wood density components of individual growth rings were obtained from microdensitometeric profiles measured with a direct reading X-ray densitometer. Site had a moderately significant effect on wood density and a highly significant effect on tree growth. The hybrid effect was highly significant (P < 0.001) for most traits. Minimum, maximum and weighted wood densities were found to be under strong genetic control, with clonal repeatabilities varying between 0.45 and 0.81. The coefficient of genotypic variation (CVG) for wood density at individual sites ranged from 4.0 to 6.8%, whereas CVG for dry fiber weight (mass) reached 32.8% with repeatabilities of up to 0.67. A small but significant (P = 0.028) hybrid × environment interaction was found for dry fiber weight. The highest ecological sensitivity was found for P. deltoides × P. nigra, with ecovalence reaching 32.3%. Clonal × environment interaction was significant for weighted, average, and minimum wood density. Significant negative genotypic correlations between stem volume and wood density ranged from −0.39 to −0.74. One possible strategy in tree breeding would be to maximize wood fiber production through selection for dry fiber weight. 相似文献
16.
Through five years (1996–2000), experiment, the growth characteristics and resistance to insect and cold of the seven poplar
varieties includingP. popularis, P. opera, P: pseudo-simonii, P. beijinensis, P. bolleana, P. x euramericana andP. simonii, which were planted in loess hilly land in northwest Shanxi Province, were tested under different planting densities and
site conditions. A randomized block design and three times repetition were adopted in the test. Based on the test results
in arid and cold area of the northwest Shanxi, the hybrid poplar trees takingPopulus cathaysna as their female parent could be selected for afforestation, such asP. popularis andP. opera, and the growing space of single plant should be larger than 20 m2.P. bolleana as an introduced tree species grows well in this area, but its growth is likely affected by, ground water condition. On the
site with relatively abundant soil water,P. bolleana usually suffer from frost crack at its trunk base. As a result,P. bolleara is suited to planting in the site where is short of soil water.P. x euramericana is not suitable for large-scale afforestation, especially in arid slopes and ridges of loess hilly land.
Biography: LU Jiao (1963-), Male, Engineer in Shanxi Academy of Forestry, Taiyuan 030012, P.R. China
Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai 相似文献
17.
美洲黑杨及其杂种在世界和我国杨树栽培中的地位与作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文介绍了美洲黑杨的天然分布, 生长状况。西欧各国对其珍贵基因资源的重视和利用, 我国引种美洲黑杨的现状及其作用等, 并对我国进一步利用美洲黑杨的基因资源, 促进我国杨树栽培的发展提出了一些看法。 相似文献
18.
M. K. O’Neill C. C. Shock K. A. Lombard R. F. Heyduck E. B. G. Feibert D. Smeal R. N. Arnold 《Agroforestry Systems》2010,79(3):409-418
The rapid growth rates of hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) enable rotations of 3–6 years for biofuels or 10–15 years to obtain merchantable timber, but many clones are susceptible
to nutrient deficiencies when grown in alkaline soils. A 1995 Oregon study demonstrated that clone OP-367 (P. deltoides × P. nigra) was the only clone tested that performed well on alkaline soils. Tests in Colorado and New Mexico confirmed the adaptation
of this clone. A multi-clonal trial was established in 2003 at Farmington, New Mexico and Ontario, Oregon in order to screen
a larger number of clones for adaptability to alkaline soils. Trees were planted at 1.5 × 1.5 m spacing and irrigated by surface
drip irrigation. Diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height were recorded annually (2003–2006); wood volumes (WVol) and
total aboveground biomass (TAB) were calculated from these measurements. Of the 25 clones tested, 19 were common to both sites.
Mean height was greater at the Ontario site through the first 3 years (2003–2005). By the end of four seasons, the tallest
Farmington entry was OP-367 at 9.4 m with 177 Mg ha−1 TAB while the tallest Ontario entry was Malheur-3 at 8.9 m with 195 Mg ha−1 TAB and several other clones had statistically similar production. Given the growth and productivity range at these two sites,
it is difficult to make generalizations across wide areas, but it appears feasible to identify clones suited to alkaline soils
in arid and semi-arid regions. 相似文献
19.
Kevin Lombard Mick O’Neill Robert Heyduck Blake Onken April Ulery John Mexal Adrian Unc 《Agroforestry Systems》2011,81(1):45-56
Composted sewage sludge (biosolids) supply plant available Fe and may represent a sustainable alternative to more costly chelated
Fe fertilizers currently used to supplement nutrition in hybrid poplar test plots of elevated soil pH. To test the response
of poplars, field plots were amended with composted biosolids at two agricultural rates: 22.75 and 44.5 Mg ha−1. Iron EDDHA served as a fertilizer check and control plots received no amendment. The hybrid poplar OP-367 (Populus deltoides × P. nigra) was planted on a 3.6 m grid spacing. Significant amounts of P and Fe originating from the sewage treatment process were
detected in soils 13 months after amending. Chlorosis evaluated with a SPAD-502 meter, showed that poplars amended with biosolids
remained the least chlorotic and had greater tree growth when compared to Fe EDDHA and control plots during two growing seasons.
Biosolids show promise as a cost effective alternative for the remediation of Fe chlorosis in hybrid poplar agroforestry plantations
and present new opportunities in northwestern New Mexico for municipalities seeking solid waste land disposal options. 相似文献
20.
Harold E. Burkhart Amy M. Brunner Brian J. Stanton Richard A. Shuren Ralph L. Amateis Jerre L. Creighton 《New Forests》2017,48(4):479-490
Poplar species grow well across the temperate zone, but hybrid varieties have not previously been evaluated for planting in the Virginia Piedmont region. The top 12 clones in height growth and rust resistance from a screening trial involving 98 hybrid poplar varieties of three taxa (Populus deltoides × P. maximowiczii, DxM; P. deltoides × P. nigra, DxN; P. deltoides × P. trichocarpa, DxT) were selected for planting in replicated yield trials at two locations in the Virginia Piedmont. Results through the first four growing seasons showed that the DxM taxon had the most rapid height development. It was, however, the taxon most affected by a late spring frost at the Appomattox-Buckingham State Forest site and by Septoria stem canker at the Reynolds Homestead site. Analysis of variance of clonal and location effects showed highly significant differences among replicates within location and among clones within taxon. Among seven clones within the DxM taxon, pairwise comparison tests of height growth identified two groups: a group of four better clones that were significantly different (p = 0.05) from a second group of three. These early results suggest that multi-selection criteria, including growth, disease and frost resistance, are important when developing hybrid poplar clones for planting in the Piedmont region. 相似文献