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1.
[目的]为科学评价皆伐、火烧对中亚热带常绿阔叶林不同深度土壤有机碳吸存的影响,[方法]以福建省中亚热带36年生米槠人促更新林为研究对象,采用非散射红外CO2浓度探测仪和Licor-8100土壤碳通量系统,并结合Fick扩散法计算并分析0~80 cm不同深度土层CO2通量的日动态特征。[结果]表明:(1)火烧地(RB)和皆伐地(RR)不同土层CO2浓度均出现明显下降,其中,对照(CK)地土壤CO2浓度值(0~80 cm)分别是RB和RR的1.9、1.3倍;(2)各试验地土壤CO2通量(0~80 cm)表现为RB(1.99 μmol·m2·s-1)>RR(0.99 μmol·m2·s-1)>CK(0.96 μmol·m2·s-1),除2040 cm土层外,RB土壤各层CO2通量均显著高于RR和CK(P<0.05);(3)试验地不同土层CO2通量(0~80 cm)日变化幅度表现为RB>RR>CK,其中,RB土壤各层的变化幅度均显著大于RR和CK(P<0.05),而RR与CK间的差异表现在0~5、10~20、20~40 cm土层(P<0.05);(4)拟合分析表明,各试验地不同深度土壤CO2通量与土壤温度呈显著相关,且 RB的决定系数(R2)显著高于RR和CK;不同试验地各土层温度、含水量的双因素模型拟合效果均优于单因素模型;Q10值显示,皆伐、火烧后初期土壤各层的温度敏感性得到明显提高。 相似文献
2.
以三峡库区马尾松飞播林为研究对象,针对不同营林措施:除灌(清除所有除灌产生的枝叶)、采伐I(采伐强度15%,采伐树干,并未对枝叶进行清除)、采伐II(采伐强度70%,采伐剩余物处理同采伐I)、对照,采用LI-8100土壤CO2通量测定系统对其土壤呼吸速率进行为期1年的连续观测,分析了不同营林措施对于土壤呼吸的影响以及不同营林措施下土壤呼吸产生差异的原因。结果显示:年土壤呼吸速率均值除灌(1.82±0.07 μmol·m-2·s-1)< 对照(2.18±0.05 μmol·m-2·s-1)< 采伐I(2.37±0.07 μmol·m-2·s-1)< 采伐II(2.86±0.1 μmol·m-2·s-1);采伐强度与土壤呼吸速率增值呈正比;不同营林措施与对照土壤呼吸速率均在夏季生长旺盛期7-8月达到最大值;高强度的采伐显著提高了土壤温度与湿度,对照、除灌、采伐I、采伐II土壤呼吸敏感性指数Q10值依次为: 2.18±1.09、1.65±0.07、2.20 ±0.09,2.36±0.09。 相似文献
3.
[目的]为研究间作绿豆对核桃苗根系生长、根系水分运输和光合特性的影响,[方法]采用砂培方法,在温室内将1年生核桃嫁接苗和绿豆进行间作。[结果]显示:间作绿豆增加了土壤全氮含量(0.014%0.021%),不添加氮素间作绿豆,核桃苗根系总表面积、根系总长度、根系直径和根系总体积均显著增加,而正常供应氮素间作绿豆,核桃苗根系生长降低。核桃苗根系单位面积的导水率与土壤氮素含量显著相关,添加氮素与否间作绿豆后,根系单位面积导水率分别升高0.102×10-5 mL·cm-1·min-1·MPa-1和0.057 ×10-5 mL·cm-1·min-1·MPa-1;而不添加氮素间作绿豆整株根系导水率增加0.043 mL·cm-1·min-1·MPa-1,正常供应氮素间作绿豆后,核桃苗整株根系导水率反而降低0.034 mL·cm-1·min-1·MPa-1;核桃苗气孔导度对各处理响应和根系整株导水力有相同趋势,不添加氮素间作绿豆核桃光合能力升高至对照水平,光饱和点达1 567.17 μmol·m-2·s-1,最大净光合速率达12.84 μmol·m-2·s-1,光补偿点和暗呼吸速率降低;而正常供应氮素间作绿豆核桃苗光合能力降低。[结论]间作绿豆改善了核桃苗的生长环境,有益于增加核桃苗的根系吸收面积、水分运输以及光合代谢;但在氮素充足的土壤中,间作绿豆非但无益于核桃苗,反而降低核桃苗的水分供应,影响其气体交换和光合能力。 相似文献
4.
[目的]研究森林沼泽演替与火干扰条件下土壤微生物结构与多样性变化,为进一步揭示土壤微生物群落在森林沼泽保护与恢复中的作用提供依据。[方法]采用磷脂脂肪酸法与BIOLOG方法,研究大兴安岭南瓮河国家自然保护区内主要森林沼泽类型(兴安落叶松-狭叶杜香-藓类沼泽、兴安落叶松-兴安杜鹃-藓类沼泽、兴安落叶松+白桦-苔草沼泽)与2006年受不同火强度干扰沼泽(重度火烧的兴安落叶松-兴安杜鹃-藓类沼泽和中度火烧的兴安落叶松+白桦-苔草沼泽)土壤微生物群落特征,探讨沼泽主要发育阶段与火干扰强度对土壤微生物群落的影响。[结果]研究区域土壤微生物群落以16:00(16.29±5.62 nmol·g-1)、甲烷氧化菌(18:1ω8t)(9.89±8.61 nmol·g-1)与16:1ω7c(9.79±3.24 nmol·g-1)的微生物为优势种群。土壤微生物总PLFAs含量、革兰氏阳性菌(G+)中a15:0、i16:0、i17:0、革兰氏阴性菌(G-)中的cy19:0、真菌中的18:2ω6c、甲烷氧化菌(18:1ω8t)与森林沼泽发育阶段、火干扰明显相关(p<0.05)。一般饱和直链脂肪酸/单烯饱和脂肪酸比(Sat/Mon)偏低,其比值随沼泽发育呈现增加趋势,受到火干扰后明显增加(p<0.05);真菌/细菌比(F/B)与革兰氏阳性菌/革兰氏阴性菌(G+/G-)未随着沼泽发育呈现出规律性变化,其比值受火干扰后明显发生改变(p<0.05)。土壤细菌与真菌对6类碳源的利用能力明显不同(p<0.001),其中土壤细菌对α-D-Lactose与L-Threonine利用存在差异性(Fα-D-Lactose =2.87 p=0.080,FL-Threonine=3.00 p=0.078),土壤真菌对D-Mannitol、D-glucosaminic Acid利用存在差异性(FTween 80=2.75,p=0.088, FD-Mannitol=3.53 p=0.047, FD-glucosaminic Acid=4.67 p=0.022),但沼泽类型与火干扰未对土壤微生物功能多样性产生影响(p>0.05)。[结论]土壤微生物量与沼泽发育阶段相关;沼泽发育与火干扰改变土壤微生物群落结构。土壤细菌与真菌对碳源利用方面具有选择性。 相似文献
5.
[目的]通过实地采样对黑碳进行量化研究。[方法]利用相对密度分组方法探讨了长白山典型森林土壤黑碳含量及在不同有机碳组分中的分布特征。[结果]表明:黑碳(BC)含量在表层(A11)、亚表层(A12)分别为6.39~16.55 g·kg-1、1.44~6.16 g·kg-1,随土壤深度的增加而显著下降(p﹤0.01)。在A11、A12层中,轻组有机碳(LFOC)平均含量分别为66.66 g·kg-1、6.65 g·kg-1,轻组黑碳(LFBC)平均含量分别为5.63 g·kg-1、1.21 g·kg-1,同时,LFBC/LFOC在A12层(10.02%~34.89%)显著高于A11层(6.99%~14.45%)(p﹤0.01);A11、A12层重组有机碳(HFOC)平均含量分别为49.16 g·kg-1、36.55 g·kg-1,重组黑碳(HFBC)平均含量分别为2.69 g·kg-1、1.44 g·kg-1,HFBC/HFOC在A11层(3.36%~8.08%)和A12层(3.21%~7.58%)之间没有显著差异(p>0.05)。另外,土壤中LFBC/LFOC显著高于HFBC/HFOC(p﹤0.01),LFBC/BC显著高于HFBC/BC(p﹤0.01)。[结论]长白山典型森林土壤中黑碳的含量、比例均较高;土壤表层(A11)有机碳、黑碳含量及各组分有机碳、黑碳含量均高于亚表层(A12),均随着土层加深而显著降低;轻组、重组有机碳中均含有一定比例的黑碳,黑碳主要分布在轻组分中;轻组、重组有机碳与组分中黑碳均显著相关,轻组中相关系数大于重组。 相似文献
6.
[目的]借鉴以往楝属文献报道的SSR引物,筛选高度多态性、稳定性高、重复性好的苦楝SSR引物,为苦楝遗传图谱构建、QTL定位和分子标记辅助选择育种等研究领域应用奠定基础.[方法]本研究采用单因素法和正交试验设计进行SSR-PCR反应体系优化,并利用该体系以8个不同种源的苦楝基因组DNA为模板,从135对候选SSR引物中进行引物筛选.[结果]苦楝SSR-PCR最优反应体系为:1.0 μL 50 ng·μL-1模板DNA,1.2 μL 100 μmol·L-1引物,1.0 μL 10 mmol·L-1 dNTPs,0.8 μL 25 mmol·L-1 Mg2+,0.15 μL 5 U·μL-1 Taq酶,1.5 μL 10×Buffer,补ddH2O至15 μL;最终筛选出15对具有高度多态性、稳定性高、重复性好的SSR引物.[结论]本研究成功优化了苦楝SSR-PCR反应体系,并成功筛选出15对适用于苦楝的SSR引物. 相似文献
7.
[目的]通过对落叶松种间及其杂种生长与形质性状评价来定向选育优良落叶松建筑材。[方法]以辽宁省大孤家林场32年生的落叶松试验林为实验材料,对落叶松属日本、兴安、长白及华北4个落叶松种,及以日本落叶松为母本的日本×兴安、日本×华北、日本×长白、日本×日本杂种的生长和形质性状进行变异规律分析,并采用模糊数学隶属函数对其差异显著指标进行综合评价。[结果]表明:落叶松种和杂种间生长差异显著(p<0.01),杂种胸径、树高和材积总生长量与母本差异不显著,却显著高于相应父本;杂种之间的生长差异体现在林分的前10年,随着林龄的增大优势逐渐减退;树冠特征因子中的枝下高、冠长、枝条直径、长度、角度和干形特征因子中的高径比、树干圆满度、节子直径、长度、角度在落叶松种和杂种间差异显著。基于上述指标进行了生长和形质性状综合评价,排名前三位的分别为日本×兴安、日本×长白和日本落叶松。32年生时日本×兴安的胸径、树高和材积分别为18.69 cm、21.62 m和0.339 2 m3;日本×长白的为18.44 cm、23.85 m和0.339 6 m3;日本落叶松的为19.36 cm、21.31 m和0.335 7 m3;而且它们在适应性上也具有明显优势。[结论]日本×兴安、日本×长白和日本落叶松适合作为定向培育建筑材的优良品种在东北地区重点推广。 相似文献
8.
在自然条件下,采用Li-6400便携式光合作用测定系统研究了南方型和北方型美洲黑杨在5、7、9月的光合日变化。结果表明:南方型美洲黑杨在5月和9月的净光合速率日变化为单峰曲线,峰值分别为15.79、14.13 μmol·m-2·s-1,在7月为双峰曲线,最高峰值为22.03 μmol·m-2·s-1;北方型美洲黑杨在5、7、9月的净光合速率日变化一直为双峰曲线,最高峰值分别为13.46、18.08、12.91 μmol·m-2·s-1。南方型美洲黑杨仅在生长旺盛的7月存在光合"午休"现象;北方型美洲黑杨在整个生长季均存在光合"午休"现象;南北方型美洲黑杨净光合速率季节变化特点为:夏季(7月)>春季(5月)>秋季(9月);10月份,南方型美洲黑杨净光合速率达到12.70 μmol·m-2·s-1,北方型美洲黑杨已落叶。分别对南方型和北方型美洲黑杨5、7、9月的光合有效辐射、气温、空气相对湿度、空气CO2浓度与净光合速率进行逐步多元回归、偏相关及通径分析,影响净光合速率的主要生态因子是光合有效辐射。 相似文献
9.
An integrated model for predicting maximum net photosynthetic rate of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) leaves in silvopastoral systems 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Net light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Amax) of field grown cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) leaves in a radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) silvopastoral system (Canterbury, New Zealand) was measured at different times under severe shade (85–95 μmol m–2 s–1 photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD) and in full sunlight (1900 μmol m–2 s–1 PPFD). The aim was to integrate individual functions for Amax against air temperature (2 to 37 oC), water status, expressed as pre-dawn leaf water potential (ψlp) (-0.01 to −1.6 MPa), herbage nitrogen (N) (1.5 to 5.9%), regrowth duration (20 to 60 days) and time under shade (1 to 180
min) into a multiplicative model. The highest Amax value obtained was 27.4 μmol CO2 m–2 s–1 in non-limiting conditions with full sunlight. This value was defined as standardised dimensionless Amaxs = 1 for comparison of factor effects. The canopy temperature of the cocksfoot sward was up to 7.4 oC cooler than air temperature
for plants under shade. Therefore, canopy temperature was used to predict Amax. The only interaction was between time under severe shade (5% of the open PPFD) and water stress (ψlp = −0.4 to −1.3 MPa) and this was included in the model. Validation of this model indicated 78% of the variation in Amax could be accounted for using these five factors by the addition of the interaction function. This model could be used to
assist the prediction of pasture growth in silvopastoral systems through incorporation into a canopy photosynthesis model.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
Photosynthetic responses to a series of 1-min lightflecks (1,000μmol m−2 s−1) superimposed on a background with different duration (1, 5, and 10 min) and intensity (25 and 50μmol m−2 s−1) of low background photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) were measured in the leaves ofFagus crenata grown in a gap and understory of aFagus crenata forest in the Naeba Mountains. The two background PPFD intensities most frequently occurred in understory and gap sites respectively.
The maximum net photosynthetic rate (P
Nmax) and maximum stomatal conductance (g
smax) were higher in the gap seedlings than in the understory seedlings. However, when the background PPFD was 25μmol m−2s−1, the net photosynthetic rate (P
25) and stomatal conductance (g
s25) were almost the same between the gap and understory. When the background PPFD duration was 1-min, the net photosynthetic
rate (P
N
) at the end of each lightfleck increased progressively. When the background PPFD duration was 5- and 10-min, the increase
inP
N
at the end of each lightfleck was less. This indicates that background PPFD duration is important to photosynthetic responses
to lightflecks. The higher ratios ofP
25/P
Nmax andg
s25/g
smax in the understory seedlings indicate that the understory seedlings can maintain relatively lower levels of biochemical and
stomatal limitations than the gap seedlings under low light conditions. The ratios ofP
N
/P
Nmax at the end of each lightfleck (IS) and light utilization efficiency of single lightflecks (LUE
s) that showed the influence of lightflecks on carbon gain were higher in the understory seedlings than in the gap seedlings
when the background PPFD was 25μmol m−2 s−1. This means that understory seedling are capable of utilizing fluctuating light more efficiently under low light conditions
than the gap seedlings although the net carbon gain of single lightflecks (CG
s) in the understory seedlings was not higher than that in the gap seedlings. There were no significant differences inIS andLUE
s between understory seedlings at a background PPFD of 25μmol m−2 s−1 and gap seedlings at a background PPFD of 50μmol m−2 s−1. However,CG
s in gap seedlings was higher than in understory seedlings. These results provide more evidence thatF. crenata acclimate to a natural light environment in respect to relative induction state at low background PPFD and can capture the
fluctuating light at the same efficiency in both the gap and understory seedlings under natural light environments.
This study was funded by the research project, Evaluation of Total CO2 Budget in Forest Ecosystems, coordinated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan. 相似文献
11.
随着大气CO2浓度的升高,主要由其引起的温室效应与对生物新陈代谢的影响变得越来越显著。森林生态系统在全球碳循环中扮演着重要的角色。为了评估和理解森林土壤CO2通量及其随空气和土壤温度的季节和昼夜变化规律,我们在长白山北坡典型阔叶红松林内利用静态箱技术进行了原位观测。实验在整个生长季(6月初至9月末)昼夜进行,利用气相色谱进行气体分析。结果表明: 长白山阔叶红松林土壤是大气二氧化碳源,其CO2通量具有明显的季节和昼夜变化规律。通量的变化范围是(0.30-2.42)μmol穖-2穝-1,平均值为0.98μmol穖-2穝-1。土壤CO2排放的季节规律表明,土壤CO2通量的变化与气温和土壤温度的变化有关。CO2平均通量的最大值出现在7月((1.27±23%)μmol穖-2穝-1),最小值出现在9月((0.5±28%)μmol穖-2穝-1)。土壤CO2的昼夜波动与土壤温度变化有关,而在时间上滞后于温度的变化。森林下垫面土壤CO2通量与土壤温度显著相关,与6cm深度土层温度相关系数最大。基于气温和土壤温度计算的Q10值范围为2.09-3.40。图2表3参37。 相似文献
12.
Soil samples were taken from depth of 0–12 cm in the virgin broad-leaved/Korean pine mixed forest in Changbai Mountain in
April, 2000. 20 μL·L−1 and 200 μL·L−1 CH4 and N2O concentration were supplied for analysis. Laboratory study on CH4 oxidation and N2O emission in forest soil showed that fresh soil sample could oxidize atmospheric methane and product N2O. Air-dried soil sample could not oxidize atmospheric methane, but could product N2O. However, it could oxidize the supplied methane quickly when its concentration was higher than 20 μL·L−1. The oxidation rate of methane was increased with its initial concentration. An addition of water to dry soil caused large
pulse of N2O emissions within 2 hours. There were curvilinear correlations between N2O emission and temperature (r2=0.706, p<0.05), and between N2O emission and water content (r2=0.2968, p <0.05). These suggested temperature and water content were important factors controlling N2O emission. The correlation between CH4 oxidization and temperature was also found while CH4 was supplied 200 μL·L−1 (r2=0.3573, p<0.05). Temperature was an important factor controlling CH4 oxidation. However, when 20 μL·L−1 CH4 was supplied, there was no correlation among CH4 oxidization, N2O emission, temperature and water content.
Foundation item: This paper was supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Biography: ZHANG Xiu-jun (1960-), female, Ph. Doctor, lecture in Laboratory of Ecological Process of Trace Substance in Terrestrial
Ecosystem, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110015, P.R. China.
Responsible editor: Song Funan 相似文献
13.
[目的]为探究西伯利亚白刺盐适应机制。[方法]以1年生西伯利亚白刺水培幼苗为材料,研究不同浓度NaCl(0、200、300 mmol·L-1)胁迫24 h后根系Na~+、K~+离子流的动态变化(利用扫描离子选择微电极技术,SIET)及植株各器官中Na~+、K~+含量的静态变化(利用电感耦合等离子体光谱仪,ICP-OES)。[结果]表明:(1)短期NaCl胁迫显著提高了西伯利亚白刺根、茎、叶中Na~+含量,其中,叶中Na~+含量是根中的3倍以上;西伯利亚白刺根、茎、叶中K~+含量保持稳定或上升;(2)盐胁迫下,西伯利亚白刺根、茎、叶中K~+/Na~+呈下降趋势,其中,在200、300 mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫下,根中K~+/Na~+差异不显著;(3)离子流结果显示,NaCl胁迫显著提高了西伯利亚白刺根系Na~+的外流;对照和200 mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫下,K~+净流量分别为156、159 pmol·cm-2·s-1,差异不显著;300 mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫显著提高了K~+的内流,净流量为-370 pmol·cm-2·s-1。[结论]综合分析认为,西伯利亚白刺通过叶片对Na~+区隔,加强根系对Na~+的外排和K~+内流,进而维持植株根系K~+/Na~+的相对平衡,以此适应盐渍环境。 相似文献
14.
[目的]研究外源性氮和磷对马占相思凋落叶的分解速率、分解过程中N、P、K含量和土壤生化特性的影响,以便为森林土壤养分管理提供参考。[方法]以广东省云勇林场马占相思林下凋落叶为试验材料,采用尼龙网袋分解法,设置对照(CK)、施N(10 g·m~(-2))、施P(5 g·m~(-2))、施N+P(N 10 g·m~(-2)+P 5 g·m~(-2))4种处理,每隔3个月取样1次,并测定凋落叶残留量和N、P、K含量。[结果]表明:施N、P和N+P处理对马占相思凋落叶的分解均为促进作用。各处理马占相思凋落叶的N含量在分解过程中大致保持稳定,施P和N+P处理的凋落叶P含量在分解过程中总体呈波动性上升,而各处理的凋落叶K含量变化规律不明显。施N、P和N+P处理提高了马占相思林土壤的有机质和全N含量,促进脲酶、磷酸酶及过氧化氢酶的活性。[结论]施N、P和N+P处理促进了马占相思凋落叶的分解,有利于马占相思林的养分循环。 相似文献
15.
[目的]研究兴安落叶松生物量增长率对氮沉降是否存在响应,年际间是否存在差异;不同径级是否会影响兴安落叶松生物量增长率对氮沉降的响应。[方法]通过人工氮添加的方法模拟大气氮沉降变化,探究兴安落叶松林连续3年(2014—2016)树木生物量的变化对氮沉降的响应。从2012年开始,共设置4个氮添加水平,分别为对照(CK,0 g·m-2·a-1)、低氮(TL,2.5 g·m-2·a-1)、中氮(TM,5 g·m-2·a-1)和高氮(TH,7.5 g·m-2·a-1),每年的生长季(5—10月)按月将NH4NO3溶于32 L蒸馏水,利用背喷式喷雾器均匀喷洒于样方内,对照样地喷洒等量纯净水。[结果](1)3年间各施氮处理生物量增长率均显著高于对照组(P0.05)、各年份生物量增长率均存在显著差异(P0.05),而且2016年生物量增长率明显高于前两年(P0.05)。(2)2014年各处理间无显著差异;2015年TL处理的生物量增长率显著高于TM和TH处理(P0.05),2016年TL处理的生物量增长率显著高于TH处理(P0.05)。(3)不同处理对年际间不同径级生物量增长率也产生不同影响。TL处理对2014和2016年的10 15cm径级的兴安落叶松生物量增长率有显著促进作用(P0.05);TM处理对所有年份10 15 cm和15 20 cm径级兴安落叶松生物量增长率均有显著促进作用(P0.05);TH处理对所有年份胸径大于10 cm的3个径级(1015、15 20、20 cm)兴安落叶松生物量增长率均有显著促进作用(P0.05)。[结论](1)长期氮添加有可能导致树木生长率的增量逐渐减少甚至出现抑制,将改变现有北方森林生态系统碳源汇动态;(2)由于不同径级树木对氮沉降的响应不同,为提高氮沉降对北方森林碳库影响的模型预测精度,应按不同径级分别模拟。 相似文献
16.
Wang Chuan-kuan Drew C. Feldkirchner Stith T. Gower Jim Ferris Eric L. Kruger 《林业研究》2005,16(4):265-269
Safe and economical disposal of paper mill sludge is a key consideration for forest products industry. A study was conducted
to examine the effects of amendments of sludge and nutrients on soil surface CO2 flux (Rs) in northern hardwood forests and to quantify the relat among R5, soil temperature, and moisture in these stands. The experiment was a randomized complete block design that included sludge-amended,
fertilized, and control treatments in sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh) dominated hardwood forests in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA. Results showed that Rs was positively correlated to soil temperature (R2=0.80, p<0.001), but was poorly correlated to soil moisture. Soil moisture positively affected the Rs only in the sludge-amended treatment. The Rs was significantly greater in the sludge-amended treatment than in the fertilized (p=0.033) and the control (p=0.048) treatments.
The maximum Rs in the sludge-amended treatment was 8.8 μmol CO2·m−2·s−1, 91% and 126% greater than those in the fertilized (4.6 μmol CO2·m−2·s−1) and control (3.9 μmol CO2·m−2·s−1) treatments, respectively. The Rs did not differ significantly between the fertilized and control treatments. The difference in Rs between sludge-amended and the other treatments decreased with time following treatment.
Foundation item: The research was funded by a NCASI grant to S.T. Gower. Wang CK was supported by Innovated Talent Program of Northeast Forestry
University (2004–07)
Biography: WANG Chuan-kuan (1963-), male, Professor in the Ecology Program, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin
150040, China.
Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai 相似文献
17.
Muehlewbeckia complera was introduced to China in 2002 as indoor-hanging ornamental foliage plant. The experiment of the shade tolerance for this
species was carried out in different light intensities (0.14–946.00 μmol·m−2·s−1). After 40 days in experimental areas, leaf photosynthentic characteristics indexes ofM. complera in different photosynthesis active radiation (PAR) were measured with LI-COR6400 apparatus, such as the light compensation
point, light saturation point, and maximum net photosynthesis rate, at the same time, the increments of total leaf area and
leaf amount were measured. The results showed that the optimum light intensity range forM. complera was from 9.26 μmol·m−2·s−1 to 569.00 μmol·m−2·s−1 (463–28150 lx, relative humidity (RH) for 46–60%, temperature at 16–22°C). Under this condition, leaf photosynthetic efficiency
was tiptop. AlthoughM. complera belonged to the moderate sun-adaptation plant species, the plant growth was inhibited when PAR increased to the level of
569.000 μmol·m−2·s−1 or above.M. complera could sprout new leaves in photosynthesis active radiation of 0.16–19.22 μmol·m−2·s−1 (8–961 lx), or 10 μmol·m−2·s−1 for above 6 h.
Foundation item: This study was supported by the Research Foundation of Northeast Forestry University.
Biography: YUE Hua (1962-), female, Associate professor in Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China.
Responsible editor: Zhu Hong 相似文献
18.
The impacts of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations (500 μmol·mol−1 and 700 μmol·mol−1) on total soil respiration and the contribution of root respiration ofPinus koraiensis seedlings were investigated from May to October in 2003 at the Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystems, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Jilin Province, China. After four growing seasons in top-open chambers exposed to elevated CO2, the total soil respiration and roots respiration ofPinus koraiensis seedlings were measured by a Li-6400-09 soil CO2 flux chamber. Three PVC cylinders in each chamber were inserted about 30 cm into the soil instantaneously to terminate the
supply of current photosynthates from the tree canopy to roots for separating the root respiration from total soil respiration.
Soil respirations both inside and outside of the cylinders were measured on June 16, August 20 and October 8, respectively.
The results indicated that: there was a marked diurnal change in air temperature and soil temperature at depth of 5 cm on
June 16, the maximum of soil temperature at depth of 5 cm lagged behind that of air temperature, no differences in temperature
between treatments were found (P>0.05). The total soil respiration and soil respiration with roots severed showed strong diurnal and seasonal patterns. There
was marked difference in total soil respiration and soil respiration with roots severed between treatments (P<0.01); Mean total soil respiration and contribution of root under different treatments were 3.26, 4.78 and 1.47 μmol·m−2·s−1, 11.5%, 43.1% and 27.9% on June 16, August 20 and October 8, respectively.
Foundation item: This study was supported by the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX1-SW-01) and the National
Natural Science Foundation of China (30070158).
Biography: LIU Ying (1976-), female, Ph. D. Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China.
Responsible editor: Song Funan 相似文献
19.
[目的]研究间伐对杉木人工林土壤微生物数量、酶活性及关系的影响,试图了解不同间伐强度作用下土壤恢复的过程和机制,为人工林经营提供理论依据。[方法]以18年生杉木人工林为研究对象,采用随机区组试验设计,分析4种间伐强度TS0(未间伐(0.0%),1 800株·hm-2)、TS1(轻度(16.7%),1 500株·hm-2)、TS2(中度(33.3%),1 200株·hm-2)和TS3(重度(50.0%),900株·hm-2)下杉木人工林土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性特点,探讨土壤微生物数量与酶活性的相关性。[结果]表明:间伐3年后,林下土壤层酶活性和微生物数量显著提高,不同土层间土壤微生物数量和酶活性均差异显著;间伐显著提高了土壤过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶的活性,除过氧化氢酶(15 30、30 45 cm)、碱性磷酸酶(0 15、30 45 cm)以及脲酶(30 45 cm)以TS3处理的酶活性最高外,其他酶活性在各土层和不同间伐强度下均以TS2处理的酶活性最高;土壤各层微生物以细菌数量最多,其次是放线菌,硝化细菌最少,且TS2处理的微生物数量最多。土壤过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性均与细菌、真菌和硝化细菌数量呈极显著正相关,与放线菌数量呈极显著负相关,氨化细菌数量与过氧化氢酶活性呈负相关,而与脲酶活性呈正相关;碱性磷酸酶活性与细菌、真菌和硝化细菌数量呈正相关,与氨化细菌数量呈极显著负相关,与放线菌数量呈负相关;蔗糖酶活性与细菌、真菌和氨化细菌数量呈极显著正相关,与硝化细菌数量呈正相关,与放线菌数量呈负相关。[结论]间伐改善了林分环境、光照、温度以及林下植被的发育,提高了林下土壤酶活性并增加了微生物数量。间伐3年后的综合表现表明,中度间伐最利于杉木人工中、近熟林阶段的经营,对于改善土壤性质较好。 相似文献
20.
[目的]在不同供Ca2+水平下对马尾松幼苗生长及生理特性进行研究,以确定适宜马尾松生长的钙浓度,为马尾松人工林培育及合理施用钙肥提供参考。[方法]以半年生马尾松幼苗为试材,采用温室内砂培,研究不同供Ca2+水平(0.0、0.4、1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0 mmol·L~(-1)(CK))对马尾松生长及生理指标的影响。[结果]不同供Ca2+水平处理5个月后,在Ca2+水平为1.0、2.0 mmol·L~(-1)时,马尾松幼苗的株高增量和地径增量较高,其中,2.0 mmol·L~(-1)Ca2+水平的株高增量和地径增量最高。马尾松幼苗对Ca2+水平适应能力强弱顺序为2.01.00.43.00.04.0 mmol·L~(-1)(CK)。在不同生长期内,随着供Ca2+水平的增加,马尾松针叶中ROS(O2-产生速率、H2O2浓度)、MDA含量、抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT和APX)活性、抗氧化物质(GSH、As A)含量、脯氨酸含量均先降低后增加,最小值均在1.0 mmol·L~(-1)或2.0 mmol·L~(-1)处理中;类胡萝卜素含量先增加后降低,其最高值均在2.0 mmol·L~(-1)处理中。马尾松幼苗的株高增量和地径增量与类胡萝卜素含量关系不明显,而与其他生理指标均呈显著负相关。[结论]马尾松幼苗适宜在1.0 2.0 mmol·L~(-1)Ca2+水平的环境中生长。在马尾松林地中,应对土壤有效钙含量进行测定,并结合植株的生长和生理特征进行综合评价后,科学合理施肥以提高生产力。 相似文献