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1.
A total of ten extracts from different parts of eight medicinal plants that are used in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, were evaluated to determine their spasmolytic action on in vitro isolated rat ileum. All extracts were less potent than papaverine, which was used as a positive control. 相似文献
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Bonjar GH 《Fitoterapia》2004,75(2):231-235
Fifty methanolic plant extracts belonging to 44 plant species of 33 families finding use in Iranian folkloric medicine were screened for antibacterial activity. Thirty samples, including 28 species in 20 families, had antibacterial activity against at least on one of the bacteria. Among the active plants, 32.6% were active against G(-), 62% against G(+), and 47.3% against both G(-) and G(+) bacteria. Dianthus coryophyllus was active against all tested G(-) and G(+) bacteria except Micrococcus luteus. Most susceptible G(-) bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bordetella bronchiseptica and least susceptible G(-) bacterium was Escherichia coli. In G(+) bacteria, most and least susceptible were Staphylococcus aureus and M. luteus, respectively. The least MIC, as 0.62 mg/ml, belonged to Myrtus communis seeds against S. aureus, Bacillus cereus and B. bronchiseptica, and to Terminalia chebula ripe seeds against S. aureus. 相似文献
4.
This paper describes in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activities of Swertia chirata. In vitro studies revealed that at 25 mg/ml (P>/=0.05) the crude aqueous (CAE) and methanolic extracts (CME) of S. chirata whole plant showed an anthelmintic effect on live Haemonchus contortus. Moreover, in the in vivo study, the whole plant of S. chirata administered as crude powder (CP), CAE and CME at the dose of 3 g/kg to sheep naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes, showed a significant reduction in egg per gram of faeces. 相似文献
5.
Antileishmanial properties of tropical marine algae extracts 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Aqueous and organic extracts of twenty-seven species of marine algae (14 species of Rhodophyta, 5 species of Phaeophyta and 8 species of Chlorophyta) collected from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean coast of the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico) were evaluated for their antileishmanial in vitro activity against Leishmania mexicana promastigote forms. The cytotoxicity of these extracts was also assessed using brine shrimp. Organic extracts from Laurencia microcladia (Rhodophyta), Dictyota caribaea, Turbinaria turbinata and Lobophora variegata (Phaeophyta) possessed promising in vitro activity against L. mexicana promastigotes (LC(50) values ranging from 10.9 to 49.9 mug/ml). No toxicity of algal extracts against Artemia salina was observed with LC(50) ranging from 119 to >/=1000 mug/ml. Further studies on bio-guided fractionation, isolation and characterization of pure compounds from these species as well as in vivo experiments are needed and are already in progress. 相似文献
6.
Sokeng SD Rokeya B Hannan JM Junaida K Zitech P Ali L Ngounou G Lontsi D Kamtchouing P 《Fitoterapia》2007,78(7-8):526-529
Investigations were carried out to evaluate the effect of Ipomoea aquatica aqueous and dichloromethane/methanol extracts on the glucose absorption using a rat intestinal preparation in situ. Extracts orally tested at the dose of 160 mg/kg exerted a significant inhibitory effect on glucose absorption when compared with control animals. The most pronounced effect was observed with the aqueous extract. Ouabain used as reference inhibitor strongly inhibited glucose absorption. On the other hand both plant extracts inhibited the gastrointestinal motility suggesting that the inhibition of glucose absorption is not due to the acceleration of intestinal transit. 相似文献
7.
Costa JF Kiperstok AC David JP David JM Giulietti AM de Queiroz LP dos Santos RR Soares MB 《Fitoterapia》2007,78(7-8):510-514
Ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts from aerial parts of Portulaca werdermannii and P. hirsutissima were tested in lymphoproliferation assays and axenic cultures of Leishmania amazonensis and Trypanosoma cruzi. Both extracts of P. werdermannii and P. hirsutissima had a potent inhibitory activity on lymphocyte proliferation. On the contrary, only the chloroformic extract of both plants inhibited L. amazonensis growth, without effect on T. cruzi cultures. These results indicate these Portulaca species as potential sources of new active molecules for the treatment of leishmaniasis and immune-mediated pathologies. 相似文献
8.
Suvi P. Pietarinen Stefan M. Willför Markku O. Ahotupa Jarl E. Hemming Bjarne R. Holmbom 《Journal of Wood Science》2006,52(5):436-444
The antioxidant properties of hydrophilic extracts of knotwood of several industrially important tree species were evaluated
by lipid-peroxidation inhibition and peroxyl-trapping capacity tests. The results were compared with the antioxidant properties
of hydrophilic extracts of bark, and pure lignans and flavonoids isolated from knotwood extracts. The knot extracts from several
tree species were stronger antioxidants than the bark extracts, which can, however, also be classified as strong antioxidants.
In addition, the antioxidant properties of most of the knotwood extracts are stronger than the pure compounds. It is concluded
that knotwood is a rich source of natural antioxidants. 相似文献
9.
This paper describes the herbal remedies used by ethnic groups from Sonora, Mexico, for treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Twelve types of these illnesses are cured using 85 different species which belong to 38 families. Thirty nine spp. are used to treat diarrhea, 28 for stomach-ache, 12 for constipation, 9 for intestinal parasites, 6 for indigestion, 3 for stomach or intestinal cancer, 3 for stomach inflammation and only 1 to treat gastrointestinal sicknesses, ulcers, gastritis, colitis and colic. Regarding the use of species of plant per ethnic group the following was observed: Mayo 47; Seri, 27; Yaqui, 13; Guarijio, 12, Pima, 5 and Papago, 3. The plants are used by two or more tribes, for the same or different illness but always related to the gastrointestinal system. 相似文献
10.
The potential allelopathic effect ofCupressus lusitanica, Eucalyptus globulus, E. camaldulensis andE. saligna on seed germination, radicle and seedling growth was investigated with four crops:Cicer arietinum (chickpea),Zea mays (maize),Pisum sativum (pea) andEragrostis tef (teff). Aqueous leaf extracts of all the tree species significantly reduced both germination and radicle growth of the majority of the crops mostly starting from concentrations of 1% or 2.5%. The shoot and root dry weight increase of the crops was significantly reduced after 10 weeks treatment with leaf extracts. Among the four crops, chickpea and teff were most susceptible with respect to germination, and teff with respect to growth. From the overall data the leaf extracts of the four tree species can be arranged according to increasing allelopathic potential:C. lusitanica, E. globulus, E. saligna andE. camaldulensis. It is suggested that the planting ofE. camaldulensis andE. saligna in integrated land use systems should be minimized, whereas the use ofC. lusitanica andE. globulus seems less environmentally damaging in this respect. 相似文献
11.
Antioxidative effects of methanolic extracts from six wild European Lamiaceae species have been studied with the use of three in vitro assays. The ability of scavenging free radicals was measured by DPPH reduction spectrophotometric assay. The reducing potential towards transition metals was tested by phosphomolybdenum method and the inhibition of lipid oxidation was tested by Fe/ascorbate system with photometric TBARS detection. All studied herbs exposed strong antioxidant capability, but the results were different for each species depending on the applied test. In DPPH scavenging the order from strongest to the weakest was: Leonurus cardiaca, Lamium album, Marrubium vulgare, Stachys officinalis, Lamium purpureum, Galeopsis speciosa. With phosphomolybdenum method the extract of S. officinalis was the strongest in both 40 degrees Celsius and 90 degrees Celsius but other species acted differently in both temperatures. In lipid peroxidation assay, the maximum inhibition of 78% was reached by S. officinalis and M. vulgare, whereas for both Lamium sp. and L. cardiaca slightly exceeded 70% and for G. speciosa reached 65%. The observed differences indicate the complexity of involved mechanisms and support the necessity of combining several assays in studying the antioxidant potential of medicinal plants. 相似文献
12.
Cytotoxic activity screening of some indigenous Thai plants 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The 50% ethanolic extracts from 14 plant species used in Thai traditional folklore were screened for cytotoxic activity against a malignant human hepatoma (HepG2) cell line and a normal African green monkey kidney (Vero) cell line. The extracts of Polyalthia evecta and Erythroxylum cuneatum showed potent anticancer activity in the HepG2 cell line with IC(50) of 70+/-3 microg/ml and 64+/-4 microg/ml, respectively. P. evecta demonstrated more selectivity to the HepG2 than the Vero cell (selectivity index>14.3) indicating its potential for biopharmaceutical use. 相似文献
13.
通过应用乌桕、夹竹桃、大叶冬青、珊瑚朴、薄壳山核桃、苦楝6种木本植物叶浸液对钉螺驱杀实验及其解剖结构的影响研究,结果表明：（1）薄壳山核桃、珊瑚朴叶浸提液较短时间对钉螺几乎没有毒杀作用,苦楝叶浸液对钉螺毒杀作用最明显,其依次是夹竹桃、乌桕、大叶冬青;随着时间的推移,6种叶浸液对钉螺毒杀作用均达100％。（2）不同树种叶浸提混合液对钉螺的毒害作用明显大于单种植物浸提液。钉螺分别在大叶冬青×薄壳山核桃、夹竹桃×苦楝、冬青×乌桕、珊瑚朴×乌桕4种叶浸提混合液处理下,从5-30min,冬青X薄壳山核桃处理组的钉螺逃逸率10％～12％。假死率88％。99％;夹竹桃×苦楝处理组的钉螺逃逸率始终是0％,假死率始终是100％;冬青×乌桕处理组的钉螺逃逸率0。2％,假死率98％。100％;珊瑚朴×乌桕处理组的钉螺逃逸率8％-24％,假死率76％-97％。（3）钉螺分别在珊瑚朴、薄壳山核桃、乌桕、夹竹桃、大叶冬青、苦楝6种叶浸提液处理24h后,6种处理的雄性螺的阴茎、雌性螺的卵巢解剖结构分别与对照相比,均无明显变化。因此,在建设血防林时,可以考虑利用像大叶冬青、乌桕、夹竹桃、苦楝等树种营造混交林,对钉螺的分布与驱散有一定的作用。 相似文献
14.
青钱柳种子休眠机制 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
青钱柳种子具有深休眠特性。对青钱柳离体胚及不同处理种子的萌发试验、种壳透水性和透气性测定以及种子各部分内源抑制物质的提取、生物测定和鉴定等的研究表明:1)青钱柳种胚基本不存在休眠,果皮和种皮存在一定的机械束缚和透水、透气性障碍,果皮中存在活性较强的内源抑制物质是引起青钱柳种子休眠的主要原因。2)种子各部分甲醇浸提液的生物测定结果说明,青钱柳种子各部分均含有内源抑制物质,抑制活性为果皮>种皮>完整种子>种胚。3)对抑制活性最强的果皮甲醇提取液采用系统溶剂法进行初步分离,生物测定结果表明各分离相中乙醚相的抑制活性最强,GC-MS鉴定结果显示乙醚相中相对含量为35.09%的组分是具有较强抑制作用的香草酸。研究结果首次较系统地阐明青钱柳种子的休眠机制。 相似文献
15.
Zeen Huang Koh Hashida Rei Makino Fumio Kawamura Kuniyoshi Shimizu Ryuichiro Kondo Seiji Ohara 《Journal of Wood Science》2009,55(3):225-229
Heartwoods of 22 African tropical wood species were extracted with methanol and the contents of total phenolic compounds in
these extracts were measured. Three bioassays were conducted to evaluate the antioxidant activity, tyrosinase inhibitory activity,
and antifungal activity of the methanol extracts. The results indicated that the extracts from 13 species exhibited high antioxidant
potential, and their inhibitory concentrations that caused 50% scavenging of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical
(IC50) were less than 10 μg/ml. The crude extract from Cylicodiscus gabunensis showed the highest antioxidant activity, and was even higher than that of (+)-catechin, which is known as a potent antioxidant.
There was a good correlation between the antioxidant activity and the content of total phenolic compounds, indicating that
phenolic compounds played a predominant role in the antioxidant property of the wood extracts. Among all 22 species, only
1 species, Milicia excelsa, contained extractives that showed very high tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The extracts from 9 species showed high antifungal
activity. No consistent relationship was observed between the tyrosinase inhibitory activity or antifungal activity and the
content of total phenolics in the extracts.
Part of this article was presented at the 56th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Akita, August 2006 相似文献
16.
Pathipati Usha Rani Thanniru Venkateshwaramma Peta Devanand 《Journal of pest science》2011,84(2):235-247
Compounds extracted from the leaves of coconut palm, Cocos nucifera L. (Arecales: Arecaceae) and the Indian almond, Terminalia catappa L. (Myrtales: Combretaceae) were assessed as potential grain protectants against four major pests of stored grains, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). The crude leaf extracts and their fractions were obtained by solvent elution and bioassayed
in the laboratory, focusing on (a) the duration of protection and (b) their effects on progeny production. Results showed
that adults of C. chinensis, S. oryzae, and T. castaneum were equally susceptible to the fumigant toxicity of C. nucifera and T. catappa crude extracts as well as their column eluted fractions. On the contrary, adults of R. dominica showed tolerance to all the extracts tested in both fumigation and contact mode bioassays. Cocos nucifera crude extracts were highly effective in offering long-term protection in residual toxicity trials and along with the crude
extracts of T. catappa showed strong repellent properties against the tested species except for R. dominica in a Y-tube olfactometer. Generally, the chromatographic fractions of crude leaf extracts eluted with ethyl acetate were
significantly more effective than methanol, chloroform or hexane-eluted fractions. Further, all the tested plant extracts
demonstrated a negative impact on several biological parameters such as feeding activity and progeny production of the tested
species. These results highlight the potential of C. nucifera and T. catapa extracts as potent insecticides, feeding deterrents and progeny production inhibitors and consequently are suitable for the
control of pests in stored commodities. 相似文献
17.
《Fitoterapia》2014
Current pharmacopeias provide HPLC anthocyanin profiles to identify commercial bilberry extracts. However, the pharmacopeial identification protocols may not be sufficient enough to distinguish genuine bilberry extracts from adulterated material. This is primarily due to the non-inclusion of literature-reported anthocyanin profile and compositional variations in bilberry when sourced from different geographical regions. Using anthocyanin profiles of both authentic bilberry extracts and literature reports, we attempted to provide appropriate identification protocol for genuine bilberry extracts. We compared HPLC anthocyanin profiles of selected ‘suspected’ adulterant species and adulterant-spiked bilberry extracts to decipher clues to infer adulteration. The clues include appearance of new anthocyanin peaks and changes in compositional ratios of anthocyanins. In addition, we attempted to provide likely adulterants based on ‘economic motivation’ and market place information and appropriate clues to identify them in adulterated commercial bilberry extracts. 相似文献
18.
Hydroalcoholic extracts from species Hypericum brasiliense Choisy (HB) and Hypericum cordatum (Vell. Conc.) N. Robson (HC), were evaluated on the central nervous system (CNS) in some pharmacological tests. Signs of toxicity were observed for both species during the initial screening when high doses of up to 100 mg/kg (i.p.) and 1000 mg/kg (oral) were utilized. HC presented greater toxicity, with LD(50) of 269 mg/kg, as compared to HB (537 mg/kg). Alterations in sleeping time and in motor coordination were not observed both for HB and for HC. On the other hand, both species showed signs of general depressant action on the CNS, verified by decreased motor activity. Furthermore, animals treated with HB presented an increase in response time to thermal stimulus with doses of 50 mg/kg (i.p.) and 500 mg/kg (oral) suggesting possible analgesic action. Both HB and HC were tested in animal models to verify antidepressant action (forced swimming and hypothermy induced by apomorphine). In these tests, neither of the plants inhibited hypothermy, nor did they reduce immobility time in forced swimming. 相似文献
19.
Simões C De Mattos JC Sabino KC Caldeira-de-Araújo A Coelho MG Albarello N Figueiredo SF 《Fitoterapia》2006,77(2):94-99
Methanolic extracts obtained from different organs of Cleome rosea, collected from its natural habitat and from in vitro-propagated plants, were submitted to in vitro biological assays. Inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production by J774 macrophages and antioxidant effects by protecting the plasmid DNA from the SnCl(2)-induced damage were evaluated. Extracts from the stem of both origins and leaf of natural plants inhibited NO production. The plasmid DNA strand breaks induced by SnCl(2) were reduced by extracts from either leaf or stem of both sources. On the other hand, root extracts did not show any kind of effects on plasmid DNA, and presented significant toxic effects to J774 cells. The results showed that C. rosea presents medicinal potential and that the acclimatization process reduces the plant toxicity both to plasmid DNA and to J774 cells, suggesting the use of biotechnology tools to obtain elite plants as source of botanical material for pharmacological and phytochemical studies. 相似文献
20.
Silvopastoral management strategies seek to expand spatial and temporal boundaries of forage production and promote ecosystem integrity through a combination of tree thinning and understory pastures. We determined the effects of water extracts of leaf litter from three species of overstory hardwood trees, yellow poplar, red maple, and white oak, on germination of common forage species: alfalfa, red and white clover, crabgrass, orchardgrass, and tall fescue without and with endophytes to increase understanding about potential interactions between silvopastures and overstory deciduous trees. Litter extracts reduced germination in red and white clover in a concentration dependent manner with greatest effects observed for poplar > maple > oak extracts. These reductions were linearly related to increasing osmolality and electrical conductivity of the leaf extracts. Modified Gompertz growth curve models, fit to data, further indicated treatment with litter extracts, especially poplar, delayed and slowed germination. Similarly, cumulative germination of a variety of grasses was inhibited by filtered 6 % (w/v) litter extracts with the effects of poplar > maple > oak. However, germination of all forages resumed after rinsing extract-treated seeds with water indicating inhibition could be due, in part, to osmotic effects of extracts or water-soluble allelopathic compounds. Final germination varied with forage species and extract type, but in most instances, did not reach the level of the control further suggesting specific ion toxicities as well. Management practices that account for the interactions between trees and forages are needed to ensure successful establishment and persistence of mixed species swards in silvopastoral systems. 相似文献