共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 484 毫秒
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通过对水稻无纺布、旱育保姆旱育秧技术的研究与推广,总结出了水稻利用无纺布和旱育保姆进行旱育秧的整地作厢、适时播种、苗床铺布、苗床管理和及时移栽等操作技术,并对水稻无纺布、旱育保姆旱育秧的优点、关键环节及农民对旱育秧的几种误区进行了阐述。 相似文献
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研究旱地育秧的苗床小气候效应及对秧苗生长发育的影响，并以水田育秧为对照。结果表明，两种育秧方式的苗床小气候变化差异明显，旱育秧的秧苗素质优于水育秧，其形态特征也与水育秧有很大的不同 相似文献
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３年田间试验资料表明,水稻旱育秧的出血率和成秧率都比水育秧高,在低温胁迫下,播于旱育苗床的水稻种子存活时间长,具有“土中待晴”的优势,烂秧主要发生秧苗出土前后和１．１～２．０叶期,受低温胁迫之后出土的秧苗,在一段时间内还会出现死苗现象,在低温期间,旱育秧苗的出叶速度,株高和根系生长都快于水育秧,早粳品种的成秧率明显高于早籼品种,低温累积量〈１０℃的天数和〈１０℃的雨日是造成烂秧的主要因子,由种子发 相似文献
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烤烟分次施硝酸钾的钾素营养效应研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
应用＾８６Ｒｂ研究烤烟分次施硝酸钾的钾素营养效应,结果表明：两次追施硝酸钾比全基肥,烤烟脚叶成熟期吸收硝酸钾中钾素提高４５．０８％;吸收土壤中钾素提高４６．９９％;吸收总钾量提高４５．９１％;烟干物质重量提高２３．１１％,烟叶含钾量提高３４．５５％。烤烟不同生育期钾素营养效应：两次追施硝酸钾烤烟前期（现蕾期）烟叶中含钾量比后期（脚叶成熟期）高出３２．０８％,硝酸钾中钾素利用率后期比前期高出４０．４ 相似文献
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陕北丘陵沟壑区不同栽植时期不同保护措施对苹果幼树成活的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区,早秋１０月初抢墒带叶栽植苹果幼树,冬季覆土越冬,比晚秋、早春栽植的成活率高３２．３６％和３８．３４％,生长量大２２．２２％和５４．１６％,秋季落叶后栽植的,农膜覆盖树盘加树干缠塑料条和套向日葵杆的,成活率高,生长量大,但成本高,推广困难。 相似文献
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育秧方式与播种量对水稻机插长龄秧苗的影响（简报） 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
为探讨适宜机插的大苗培育新技术,该文以川香9838为材料,采用田间试验方法,研究了4种育秧方式及3个播种量水平对机插大苗素质和栽插质量的影响。结果表明,秧苗成苗率随播种量增加而下降;不同育秧方式的秧苗素质有极显著差异;不同播种量间,除百株干质量为显著性差异外,株高、茎粗、根数、根长、根活力、丙二醛及质量高比均为极显著差异;无纺布旱育秧的秧块盘结力较小,为6.48 kg/m2,双膜旱育秧的秧块盘结力较大,为18.70 kg/m2。依据GB/T 6243－86评价栽插质量,报纸旱育秧较好,其次为无底旱育秧。播种量为277.78 g/m2时,伤秧率、勾秧率和漏插率较低;播种量为416.67 g/m2时,漂秧率、全漂率和翻倒率较低。因此,水稻机插长龄秧苗应选择报纸旱育秧或无底旱育秧,且播种量在277.78～416.67 g/m2之间。 相似文献
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水冷式苗床根际降温效果及其对番茄幼苗生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
作为水分和养分吸收运输的主要器官,根系及其代谢直接影响着植株的生长与发育,相对于地上部温度植株对地温更为敏感。根际高温是影响夏季蔬菜集约化育苗主要障碍因子之一,适宜、稳定的根际温度是幼苗根系生长和培育壮苗的重要保证。为了降低夏季集约化育苗时幼苗的根际高温环境,设计了一种低能耗的根际降温方式,该研究利用地下水作为降温媒介,采用梯形排管作为冷却管道,设计了一套水冷式苗床用于集约化育苗根际局部降温。试验结果表明,在番茄育苗期间,水冷式苗床番茄幼苗根际积温、日均温和平均最高温分别比对照苗床降低了154.1、4.5和6.5℃。水冷式苗床平均一天中番茄幼苗根际温度高于25℃历时比对照苗床减少了7.6 h,高于28℃历时比对照苗床减少了7.2 h。水冷式苗床番茄幼苗叶片的蒸腾速率比对照提高了36.3%,提高了叶-气温差。水冷式苗床番茄幼苗根系活力和光合作用显著高于对照苗床,壮苗指数比对照苗床提高了34.9%。因此,水冷式降温苗床能够较好的降低根际温度,缓解夏季高温对番茄幼苗生长的胁迫。 相似文献
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生物有机肥对陇东烤烟生长的根际营养调控 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
针对陇东旱塬烤烟生产中存在的因长期连作和施肥不合理引起的产量持续下降、品质不高以及病虫害严重等问题,通过在苗床期和大田移栽期采用根际施用生物有机肥,研究了根际营养调控对苗床期烟苗的生长、代谢和对苗床土微生物数量以及对烟叶产量的影响。结果表明:苗床期施用生物有机肥成苗速度快,叶片数提前达到移栽标准,最大叶叶面积和干重分别比对照增加28.9%和68.0%,地上部和根系干重分别比对照增加了191.9%和100.0%;总根长、比根长和根尖数分别比对照增加了161.5%、30.8%和290.2%;根系总吸收面积、活跃吸收面积以及脱氢酶活性分别比对照增加了69.1%、70.2%和70.0%。苗床土中微生物总数比对照增加了36.7%,并使细菌与真菌的数量比从1.54×104∶1增加至1.84×104∶1。施用生物有机肥处理的产量和产值分别比对照增加了23.2%和46.5%,中上等烟比例增加了16个百分点,纯收入增加了12363元hm-2。 相似文献
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不同育秧基质和水分管理对机插稻秧苗素质与产量的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为探明适宜机插秧苗的培育方式,本文以杂交中灿稻‘徽两优6号’为材料,研究了营养土旱育、营养土湿润育秧和淤泥水育秧等3种方式对机插水稻秧苗素质及产量的影响,并分析了不同育秧方式对秧龄弹性、机插活棵及分蘖成穗的效应。结果表明:播后21 d,营养土旱育秧苗综合素质最好,营养土湿润育秧次之,淤泥水育秧的最差;与淤泥水育秧相比,营养土旱育秧及湿润育秧的秧苗发根力强,根冠比高,干物质积累能力强。其中旱育秧适栽秧龄为18~30 d,秧龄弹性最大。营养土旱育方式育秧能在稳定结实率和千粒重的情况下显著提高有效穗数和群体颖花量,增加库容量,从而使产量显著增加。旱育秧栽后缓苗期短、活棵快、发根力强、分蘖起步早,能较好破除本田生育前、中、后期的生长不平衡,有利于优良群体构建和高产形成。 相似文献
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为探究干热河谷冲沟沟床土壤水分时空分异特征,选取了元谋干热河谷1条典型冲沟,对其不同分段(沟头、上游、中游、下游)下10,20,30,40,60,100 cm土层的土壤水分开展定位监测。结果表明：(1)沟床不同分段各土层(除100 cm土层外)含水量整体变化趋势一致,均表现为明显的干湿季特征;湿季(5—10月)土壤水分相对较高(7.64%～28.91%),受降雨影响大;干季(11—次年4月)则长期处于较低水平(6.11%～11.97%)。(2)沟床土壤水分从沟头至下游沿程变化在干湿季有明显差异,湿季表现为先减小后增加,下游(17.36%)显著高于沟头(15.46%)和上游(12.19%);干季则是先减小后增加再减小,沟头(10.64%)显著高于上游(6.74%)和下游(9.10%)。不同土层深度上,浅层(10—20 cm)和深层(60—100 cm)土壤水分含量在干湿季均较高,水分最小值出现在30—60 cm土层,其中干季30 cm土层水分亏缺严重。(3)沟床土壤水分最高日期通常出现在7日内累积降雨达76.1 mm以上的年最大降雨月当月;最低日期通常出现在持续无降雨条件下,如干季末期,... 相似文献
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以杂交稻汕优桂 99、博优 64为供试材料 ,研究了旱育小苗秧与常规育秧在某些农艺性状及产量效应等方面的差异。结果表明 :旱育小苗秧与常规育秧相比 ,旱育小苗秧具有早生快发、根系发达、植株健壮、生长势强、分蘖早、低位蘖多、有效穗多、结实率高、能提早抽穗、增产效果显著并具有省种、省工、省水、抗寒力强 ,利于抢季节 ,利于集约化育秧等优点 ,是一项值得应用推广的水稻高产栽培技术。 相似文献
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不同育秧方式下水稻秧苗内源激素特征及其与植株发根力的关系 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以杂交稻组合冈优22、Ⅱ优162和K优047为材料,设置湿润育秧、旱育秧和塑盘水育3种育秧方式,分别测定了秧苗根系和发根节内源激素特性,分析了内源激素与秧苗发根力的相关关系。结果表明,旱育秧的发根力强于湿润育秧和塑盘秧;冈优22在3种育秧方式下的发根能力均最强,II优162在旱育秧方式下发根力强于K优047,但在湿润育秧和塑盘育秧方式下弱于K优047;旱育秧根系和发根节的ABA含量低于湿润育秧和塑盘水育秧,GA含量则最高;根系ABA含量与总根长呈显著负相关,GA含量与总根长、根重和根数呈显著或极显著正相关。 相似文献
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Hironori Heinai Masahiko Saigusa Kazuo Yoshida Hitoshi Okazaki 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(7):961-966
The effect of the application of acidified porous hydrate calcium silicate (APS) in nursery bed soil and porous hydrate calcium silicate (PS) in paddy fields on the growth of rice plants ( Oryza sativa L. cv. Hitomebore) was examined in 2002 and 2003. The results revealed the following: 1) Shoot dry weight of rice seedlings increased by APS treatment in nursery bed soil. The tiller number of rice plants after transplanting in both years also increased by APS treatment in nursery bed soil, and in 2003, the tiller number in the treatment with a combination of APS in nursery bed soil and PS in paddy fields was significantly higher than that in the other treatments until the maximum tiller number stage. Furthermore, the root length of rice plants 14 d after transplanting increased by APS treatment in nursery bed soil. 2) Silicon concentration in the soil solution significantly increased by PS treatment in paddy fields, and the concentration of dissolved carbon oxide increased by APS treatment in nursery bed soil. 3) Only in the APS treatment the rice yield was 341 g m−2 , while 400 and 450 g m−2 in the PS and both APS and PS treatments, respectively, in 2003. Percentages of ripened grains in the plots without PS treatment ranged from 57 to 63%, respectively, while, those in the PS treated plots were 82%. The numbers of panicles and ripened grains in both APS and PS treatments were the highest among the treatments. Based on the above results, we concluded that both APS in nursery bed soil and PS in paddy field treatments were effective in improving the silicon nutrition and growth of rice plants, and that this effect was enhanced by a combination of treatments with the two. 相似文献
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人参生长的土壤理化环境决定人参的产量,良好的土壤结构能防止土壤侵蚀.试验研究了人参床土的土壤结构及持水性能,分析了老参地土壤物理性状恶化的原因,测定了人参床土颗粒组成、中千团粒、湿团粒、水稳性团聚体、微团聚体占干土重的百分含量及结构破坏率.结果表明:人参床土以物理性砂粒(>0.01 mm)为主,约占49%～63%,质地属于砂壤土.人参床土中>1 mm干团粒、0.5～2 mm水稳性团聚体、>0.01 mm微团聚体与产量具有显著的相关性.床土的总孔隙度为55.78%～72.69%,总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度对产量影响很大.床土土壤容重、液相比例与产量之间达到了极显著的相关,土壤容重在0.85 g/cm3左右时为最佳值,液相比例达到30%左右时为最佳值.明确了人参床土的持水特征. 相似文献
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《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(7):961-966
The effect of the application of acidified porous hydrate calcium silicate (APS) in nursery bed soil and porous hydrate calcium silicate (PS) in paddy fields on the growth of rice plants (Oryza sativa L. cv. Hitomebore) was examined in 2002 and 2003. The results revealed the following: 1) Shoot dry weight of rice seedlings increased by APS treatment in nursery bed soil. The tiller number of rice plants after transplanting in both years also increased by APS treatment in nursery bed soil, and in 2003, the tiller number in the treatment with a combination of APS in nursery bed soil and PS in paddy fields was significantly higher than that in the other treatments until the maximum tiller number stage. Furthermore, the root length of rice plants 14 d after transplanting increased by APS treatment in nursery bed soil. 2) Silicon concentration in the soil solution significantly increased by PS treatment in paddy fields, and the concentration of dissolved carbon oxide increased by APS treatment in nursery bed soil. 3) Only in the APS treatment the rice yield was 341 g m?2, while 400 and 450 g m?2 in the PS and both APS and PS treatments, respectively, in 2003. Percentages of ripened grains in the plots without PS treatment ranged from 57 to 63%, respectively, while, those in the PS treated plots were 82%. The numbers of panicles and ripened grains in both APS and PS treatments were the highest among the treatments. Based on the above results, we concluded that both APS in nursery bed soil and PS in paddy field treatments were effective in improving the silicon nutrition and growth of rice plants, and that this effect was enhanced by a combination of treatments with the two. 相似文献
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为了降低夏季蔬菜集约化育苗时幼苗的根区高温环境,利用地下水作为循环媒介,设计了用于根区降温的水冷苗床。试验分别采用金属梯形管（M）和塑料圆管（P）作为冷水管,以未采用根区降温的苗床为对照,研究两种水冷苗床的根区降温效果及其对番茄幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,两种水冷苗床番茄幼苗根区日均温、白天均温和最高温度均显著低于对照苗床（P＜0.05）。M式和P式苗床番茄幼苗根区日均温分别为23.2℃和26.0℃,全天根区温度高于25℃的历时为8.3h和11.6h,分别比对照苗床减少7.5h和4.2h。水冷苗床显著促进了番茄幼苗生长和干物质积累,提高了番茄幼苗茎流速率、根系呼吸速率和光合能力,M式和P式水冷苗床番茄幼苗单株干质量依次为4.52和3.90mg,分别比对照（2.85mg）增加58.6%和36.8%（P＜0.01）。两种水冷苗床番茄幼苗的壮苗指数和根冠比均显著高于对照。综合根区降温效果和番茄幼苗生长来看,M式水冷苗床更有利于番茄幼苗的生长。 相似文献
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S. Sarkar S. K. Singh A. P. Singh S. R. Singh 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(6):417-428
A field trial was carried out during 1993–94 and 1994–95 winter seasons on Udic Ustochrept to evaluate the performance of dryland barley under varying profile moisture status and nitrogen levels. Three levels of initial moisture status of the root zone profile were: wet (100% field capacity), moderately wet (50% field capacity) and dry (rainfed) as the main treatment. The sub treatments were 0, 40, 60 and 80 kg N ha?1. During 15 to 60 days after sowing (DAS) availability of soil nitrogen and its uptake by the crop attained the highest values under wet regime. However, at 105 and 130 DAS dry moisture regime resulted in maximum values of both available soil nitrogen and plant nitrogen contents. In the same tune biomass production attained the higher values under wet regime as compared to the dry regime during 15 to 60 DAS and the trend was reverse at 105 DAS. Grain yield attained the highest value under dry regime followed by wet and moderately wet regimes. Irrespective of the profile moisture status both productivity and nitrogen use efficiency enhanced with the increase in nitrogen doses from 0 to 80 kg ha?1. Role of nitrogen was more pronounced under wet regime. 相似文献