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水稻抽穗期基因的精细定位、克隆和生物学功能分析 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
介绍了水稻抽穗期QTL研究的进展,在相同亲本日本晴/Kasalath衍生的不同类型的多个群体中,共检测到15个QTL;应用高世代回交后代,精细定位了其中8个QTL;将在初步定位时同一区间检测到的1个控制种子休眠期QTL(Sdr1)和1个抽穗期QTL (Hd8),分解为两个紧密连锁的基因;将经过精细定位表明可能具有双重功能的单个孟德尔因子Hd3,分解为两个功能不同的紧密连锁的基因Hd3a和Hd3b;根据QTL近等基因系的光周期反应以及这些座位间上位性互作的研究,明确了其中6个QTL的生物学功能;应用图位法克隆了其中3个QTL,研究了它们的表达和调控,并与拟南芥的同源基因进行比较。为水稻其他数量性状以及其他作物数量性状的遗传学研究,提供了一个范例。 相似文献
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水稻第6染色体短臂上株高QTL qPH6-1的精细定位 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
应用衍生于水稻剩余杂合体的分离群体,开展株高QTL的检测和精细定位。应用1个在水稻第6染色体短臂约7.3 Mb区间分离、背景基本纯合的F2:3群体,种植于海南、浙江两地,检测到2个控制株高的QTL;然后,针对两地间作用稳定的qPH6 1,筛选出3个杂合区间缩小且呈阶梯状排列的单株,衍生F2群体,进一步验证了qPH6 1的作用,并将其界定于距离为96.4 kb的SSR标记RM3414和RM19417之间;最后,应用分离区间进一步缩小且呈阶梯状排列的3个F2群体,将qPH6 1定位于距离为51.7 kb的STS标记Si2925和SSR标记RM19417之间。基因组位置比较结果显示,该基因与所有已定位或克隆的水稻矮秆、半矮秆基因均非等位。 相似文献
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《中国水稻科学》2020,(4)
【目的】挖掘水稻抽穗期和产量相关性状新基因,并筛选携带有利等位基因的优良株系,为分子标记辅助育种提供新基因和优异种质。【方法】以多亲本重组自交系群体MAGIC-Hei群体为材料,分别于2017和2018年连续两年种植于湖南长沙开展抽穗期和产量性状表型调查,基于基因分型(genotypingbysequencing,GBS)技术进行全基因组关联分析发掘影响水稻抽穗期、单株有效穗数、每穗粒数、结实率、千粒重和单株产量性状QTL。【结果】在两个环境下共计检测到26个控制抽穗期和产量相关性状的QTL,分布于除第10染色体外的其他染色体上。其中,11个位点为新位点,1个新位点(qNTP9)在两年均被检测到,该位点受环境影响较小,可用于进一步的精细定位和基因克隆。根据抽穗期和产量性状表型数据,结合SNP基因型筛选到5个携带有利等位基因的优良株系,可用于将来的水稻高产育种。【结论】本研究发掘一批新的水稻抽穗期和产量相关性状QTL位点,可有效加速水稻遗传研究和高产育种进程。 相似文献
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水稻主茎总叶数及其相关性状的QTL分析 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
用一张具有182个RFLP标记的分子连锁图谱和一套重组自交系(RIL)群体，对水稻植株主茎总叶片数、叶片生长速率、抽穗期和株高等数量性状进行QTL区间作图研究，定位了影响水稻出叶速率的8个QTL，主茎总叶片数的2个QTL、抽穗期的3个QTL和株高的4个QTL。对这些QTL的遗传效应分析并结合先前用同组合材料研究结果，为进一步明确一些QTL的基因功能提供了有用的信息。如控制水稻主茎总叶片数的一个主效QTL，即QLn3，它同时影响分蘖期出叶速率、抽穗期及株高等数量性状。该位点来自特青的等位基因，其加性效应可使水稻在温室冬季短日条件下主茎总叶片数增加1.5叶左右，抽穗期延迟9 d，同时具有使分蘖期出叶速率降低0.2叶/10 d的效应。由于该QTL位点的基因不受光照长度的影响，说明它们有可能是由一个影响水稻基本营养生长期的基因控制或者这些基因紧密连锁；而另一个QTL（QHd8）位点的基因对主茎总叶数、抽穗期和株高的效应似乎受光照长度的影响较大。 相似文献
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《中国水稻科学》2015,(3)
对水稻第1染色体长臂上控制粒重、粒长和粒宽的3个QTLs进行了剖析。从珍汕973/密阳46的BC2F8群体中筛选到1个在RM212-RM265区间呈杂合的单株,应用DNA标记检测其衍生的BC2F9群体,筛选出在RM212-RM11787和RM11787-RM265区间呈杂合的单株各1个,其杂合区间分别覆盖前期定位的千粒重QTL qTGW1.2a和qTGW1.2b。种植2个BC2F10群体,筛选出杂合区间相互交叠的单株各3个,自交后获得6个BC2F11群体,在RM11781-RM11800区间检测到了1个控制粒长的QTL,并将qTGW1.2a和qTGW1.2b分别缩小至580kb的RM11730-Wn33304和2.0 Mb的RM11807-RM11885区间内。同时,筛选出5个杂合区间相互交叠的单株,衍生了5个BC2F12群体。QTL分析结果表明,每个群体均检测到粒长QTL,加性效应为0.03~0.06mm,增效等位基因来自密阳46;经比较各个群体的分离区间,将控制粒长的QTL qGL1.2界定在RM11781和Wn34526之间372kb的区间内;该QTL呈加性作用,可能同时控制粒重、粒长与粒宽。 相似文献
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赤霉病是最严重的大麦病害之一。由于赤霉病抗性是受多基因控制的数量性状(QTL),并且一些表型性状也影响大麦赤霉病的抗病,如棱数、株高和抽穗期等,所以抗赤霉病大麦品种的选育十分困难。为了明确加拿大六棱大麦中赤霉病抗性以及相关性状的QTLs,本研究在4年中对93个家系的DH作图群体中赤霉病抗性、呕吐毒素(DON)含量、株高、抽穗期和成熟期等相关性状进行调查,并利用分子标记(444个DArT和26个SSR标记)构建的连锁图谱对QTL开展复合区间作图。结果表明,本研究共检测到4个影响赤霉病的QTLs,其中,2个主要的QTLs定位在3H和7H染色体上,它们的加性效应为-3.44和-3.69,分别解释14.1%和17.5%的表型差异,总共解释31.6%的赤霉病抗性差异;另外2个QTLs定位于7H染色体上,但二者同时也与DON含量显著相关。此外,在3H、5H和7H染色体上确定了5个影响株高的QTLs,在2H、4H、5H和7H上确定了4个影响抽穗期的QTLs。同时发现2个赤霉病抗性QTLs和1个DON累积QTL与控制株高的QTLs聚集重叠,1个赤霉病抗性QTL和抽穗期QTLs重叠。这些与赤霉病抗性、株高及抽穗期等农艺性状紧密连锁的分子标记可进一步用于有效提高抗赤霉病大麦品种的选育效率。 相似文献
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《杂交水稻》2020,(4)
水稻的抽穗期关乎水稻的光合效率、适应季节和种植范围,其表现直接决定了水稻能否高产稳产。Hd3a编码的成花素是水稻抽穗调控通路中的关键因子,在短日照下促进抽穗,长日照下推迟抽穗。Hd3a包含多个等位基因,其中来自aus稻品种Kasalath的hd3aKasa相比来自温带粳稻品种日本晴(Nipponbare)的Hd3aNip,在第4个外显子处有2个连续的碱基突变(CC→AA),使得hd3aKasa的功能强于Hd3aNip。hd3aKasa是高光效基因型,一般携带hd3aKasa的水稻品种产量更高,但会导致水稻开花推迟,可能影响其正常生产;而杂合态的Hd3aNip/hd3aKasa则表现出产量高和抽穗延迟适中,相比2种纯合基因型更加有利。由于Hd3a的不同等位基因各具优势,处于杂合状态下还可互补,因此建立可精确选择Hd3a等位基因的分子标记在育种实践中意义重大。本研究利用扩增受阻突变系统(Amplification refractory mutation system,ARMS)的原理,开发出包含4条引物的共显性分子标记hd3afnp,鉴定Hd3a的功能单核苷酸多态性(Functional nucleotide polymorphism,FNP)。hd3afnp同表型完全连锁,1次PCR反应即可精确区分2种纯合等位基因型及其杂合基因型,从而有助于水稻的高光效分子标记辅助选择育种。 相似文献
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甘蓝型油菜RIL群体株高性状的全基因组关联分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国油料作物学报》2016,(5)
为提高甘蓝型油菜株高的分子标记辅助育种效率,挖掘与株高相关的功能基因以构建理想株型,利用单个重组自交系(RIL)群体在3个环境下的株高表型数据及7 877个SNP标记的基因型分型数据进行全基因组关联分析。在2个或2个以上环境下同时检测到5个与株高显著相关的SNP(Bn-scaff_15794_3-p62430、Bn-A02-p9599263、Bn-A02-p9409799、Bn-A02-p9993945和Bn-A02-p9636219),均位于A02染色体上。比较利用连锁分析方法的QTL定位结果,发现标记Bn-A02-p9599263和Bn-scaff_15794_3-p62430分别位于QTL(q PH2-2和q PH2-4)峰值处,标记Bn-A02-p9636219和Bn-A02-p9993945分别落在QTL(q PH2-3和q PH2-4)2-LOD的置信区间内,标记Bn-A02-p9409799距离QTL(q PH2-2)的置信区间0.3c M。利用关联分析定位的区间(69.5~80.7c M)比利用连锁方法定位的QTL区间(60.7~95.9c M)缩小了24c M。依据参考基因组信息,在标记Bn-scaff_15794_3-p62430附近2kb处找到1个与株高性状相关的候选基因(GSBRNA2T00090973001)。结果表明,单个RIL群体进行全基因组关联分析可以对连锁QTL分析结果进行补充,缩小QTL置信区间。 相似文献
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水稻叶片的形态改良是水稻株型育种和产量育种的重要目标之一。以9311/日本晴染色体片段置换系（CSSLs）群体为材料,定位了上3叶叶片长、宽、叶面积共9个性状QTL,分析了叶片性状与产量性状之间的相关性,同时定位了主穗重及产量构成因素（颖花数、千粒重、结实率）相关QTL。结果表明,CSSLs群体的叶片性状之间存在显著或极显著相关性;叶片性状与主穗重呈显著或极显著正相关,与主穗颖花数呈极显著正相关;叶片形态多数性状与结实率、千粒重没有显著相关性。两年共定位到20个叶片性状QTL,分布于第1、3、4、5、6、9、11共7条染色体的10个区间,贡献率为3.82%~14.61%,其中贡献率大于10%有6个,多个QTL成簇分布在相同区间,3个QTL在两年间重复检测到,8个QTL为前人未报道的新位点。两年共检测到16个与控制主穗产量相关的QTL,分布于第1、2、3、5、7、8、10共7条染色体13个区间,其中有7个主穗产量相关QTL所在5个区间与叶片形态14个QTL所在区间一致。 相似文献
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QTLs for heading date located in the region between Hd3a and Hd1 were detected using an F2:3 population developed from a residual heterozygous line (RHL) identified from the recombinant inbred lines of the indica rice cross Zhenshan 97B/Milyang 46. Linkage in coupling phase between the heading date QTLs and QTLs for yield traits detected in a previous study was found. Four more F2:3 populations were each developed from an RHL, which were homozygous at Hd3a and Hd1 but heterozygous in a portion of the intervals flanked by Hd3a and Hd1. QTLs for grain yield per plant, number of panicles per plant, number of grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight were detected in the heterozygous region. Five sets of near-isogenic lines (NILs) with overlapping heterogenous segments covering the interval RM6119-RM6779 were developed and used to validate and delimitate the QTLs. A QTL having a consistent effect for the number of grains per panicle was located within the interval RM19615-RM19652 that corresponded to a 514.4 kb region on chromosome 6. The same region might have pleiotropic effects on the other three yield traits analyzed, but the effects varied greatly among different populations and across different environments. This study suggests that it is possible to develop a population with little variation on heading date and to identify QTLs for yield traits that might not be associated with heading date by using information of the physical positions of DNA markers and cloned genes. 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):309-318
AbstractAppropriate plant height, tiller number and heading date are important traits for maximizing rice production. In order to understand the genetic basis of the relationships among these three plant traits, we mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) using a recombinant inbred population and detected two-locus interactions for plant height and tiller number at two growth stages and for heading date in two years. There were significant negative correlations between tiller number and plant height, and between tiller number at maturity and heading date. A significant positive correlation was observed between heading date and plant height at maturity. A total of 29 QTLs for the three traits were identified over the two years. Results show that QTLs and majority of two-locus interactions for plant height and tiller numbers at 35 days after transplanting were different from those at maturity, indicating that different genes and interactions control the traits at different developmental stages. A large proportion of QTLs and interactions could only be detected in one year, suggesting that QTLs and two-locus interactions for the traits were dependent on the environment. Results suggest that pleiotropy and/or close linkage of genomic regions and pleiotropy of common two-locus combinations may be the genetic basis for the close correlations among the three traits. A QTL with a large effect for heading date, which was located in RG424-RZ667 on chromosome 6, also showed large effects on tiller number and plant height at maturity. 相似文献
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ZHANG Hong-jun ;Qu Li-jun ;XIANG Chao ;WANG Hui ;XIA Jia-fa ;LI Ze-fu ;GAO Yong-ming ;SHI Ying-yao 《水稻科学》2014,21(4):201-209
Abnormal heading in hybrid rice production has caused great economic loss in recent years,but the genetic basis of this phenomenon remains elusive.In this study,we developed four testcross populations using 38 introgression lines(ILs)from Shuhui 527(SH527)/Fuhui 838(FH838)//SH527population as male parents and four male sterile lines(MSLs;namely II-32A,Xieqingzao A,Gang 46A and Jin 23A)as female parents.Progeny testing allowed us to identify 55 abnormal heading combinations in Hefei,but had late heading date in Hangzhou and Guangzhou of China.By one-and two-way analysis of variance,a total of 21 QTLs and 31 pairs of epistatic QTLs associated with photosensitivity were identified in the four populations,respectively.Genotypic analysis showed that the IL parent of most abnormal heading combinations showed some introgressions at markers RM331 and RM3395 on chromosome 8(strongly associated with the known genes OsHAP3H/DTH8/Ghd8/LHD1)of donor FH838alleles,and these two markers were also identified as affecting photosensitivity.The observation that the recipient parent(SH527),donor parent(FH838),their testcross combinations with four MSLs,and the IL parents of abnormal heading combinations had normal heading date in Hefei suggested that OsHAP3H/DTH8/Ghd8/LHD1 showed no independent regulation on abnormal heading in the abnormal heading combinations.It is noteworthy that complex epistasis among RM331 or RM3395 with other loci,including dominant×additive,additive×dominant,and dominant×dominant epistases,were identified only in the four testcross populations of the current study,but not in the SH527/FH838//SH527 population,suggesting the cause of abnormal heading in abnormal heading combinations in Hefei and delayed heading in Hangzhou and Guangzhou. 相似文献
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小麦重组自交系群体9个重要农艺性状的遗传分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了初步判断小麦重要性状的遗传组成,并筛选适于QTL定位的性状,以小偃81和西农1376及其构建的重组自交系群体(RILs)F7代为材料,采用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型研究了株高、叶面积、穗下茎长、穗下节长、穗下节间直径、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数和抽穗期等9个重要农艺性状的遗传特点.结果表明,穗下节长性状符合多基因遗传,无主基因存在;株高、小穗数、穗粒数、叶面积、穗长和抽穗期6个性状符合2对主基因+多基因遗传;穗下节间直径性状符合3对主基因遗传,无多基因存在;穗下茎长性状则符合3对主基因+多基因遗传.株高、穗长、抽穗期和穗下节间直径等4个性状的主基因遗传率分别为82.32％、75.75％、81.98％和91.04％,可能含有较大的主效QTL. 相似文献
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Grain quality traits play an important role in the economic prosperity of commercial rice markets. The objective of our research was to identify candidate molecular markers associated with three grain quality and flowering traits in a collection of elite rice japonica inbred lines evaluated in five U.S. states. Candidate marker effects were associated with the traits mapped within regions reported from previous QTL analyses while several new allelic interactions were also detected. Common markers for each trait were observed across two or more locations, and two-way interactions unique to a single location were also found. Significant genotype × location interactions were detected while broad-sense heritability estimates were low for all characters. All but one selected marker effect was associated with a reduction in apparent amylose content. A reduction in heading date at three locations was observed with one marker as a main effect or as a component of two-way interactions that mapped ∼ 5 cM from the Hd3a flowering locus. The majority of selected effects for head rice were associated with modest to substantial increases in value. Marker loci and their interactions identified in this study highlighted targeted regions for future association studies and marker-assisted breeding efforts of grain quality traits. 相似文献