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1.
印度热带森林干旱扰动土壤的微生物碳, 氮, 磷的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Variations in microbial biomass C (MB-C),N (MB-N) and P (MB-P) along a gradient of different dominant vegeta- tion covers (natural forest,mixed deciduous forest,disturbed savanna and grassland ecosystems) in dry tropical soils of Vindhyan Plateau,India were studied from January 2005 to December 2005.The water holding capacity,organic C,total N,total P and soil moisture content were comparatively higher in forest soils than in the savanna and grassland sites.Across different study sites the mean annual MB-C,MB-N and MB-P at 0-15 cm soil depth varied from 312.05 ± 4.22 to 653.40 ± 3.17,32.16 ± 6.25 to 75.66 ± 7.21 and 18.94 ± 2.94 to 30.83 ± 23.08 μg g ?1 dry soil,respectively.At all the investigated sites,the maximum MB-C,MB-N and MB-P occurred during the dry period (summer season) and the minimum in wet period (rainy season).In the present study,soil MB-C,MB-N and MB-P were higher at the forest sites compared to savanna and grassland sites.The differences in MB-C,MB-N and MB-P were significant (P 0.001) among sites and seasons.The MB-C (P 0.0001),MB-N (P 0.001) and MB-P (P 0.0001) were positively correlated with organic C,while the relationship between soil moisture and MB-C,MB-N and MB-P (P 0.001,P 0.01 and P 0.0001,respectively) was negative.The decreasing order of MB-C,MB-N and MB-P along study ecosystems was natural forest mixed deciduous forest savanna grassland.The results suggested that deforestation and land use practices (conversion of forest into savanna and grassland) caused the alterations in soil properties,which as a consequence,led to reduction in soil nutrients and MB-C,MB-N and MB-P in the soil of disturbed sites (grassland and savanna) compared to undisturbed forest ecosystems.  相似文献   

2.
豆科灌木－小叶锦鸡儿在我国北方半干旱沙地中的作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Caragana microphylla Lam., a pioneer leguminous shrub species for vegetation re-establishment, is widely distributed in the semi-fixed and fixed sandy lands of the Horqin region. Some soil chemical and physical properties were measured under the canopy of C. microphylla and in the adjacent open areas to determine the effects of individual shrubs on soil properties. The influence of isolated C. microphylla on chemical and physical properties of the topsoil was significantly different between plots under the shrub canopy and in the shrub interspaces. Beneath the shrub canopy greater amounts of fine particle fractions, a higher water-holding capacity, and a lower bulk density, as well as higher aboveground and belowground litter biomass were found. Soil organic C and total N concentrations were 23%-31.6% and 14%-27.2% higher under the shrub canopies than in the shrub interspaces, respectively, giving rise to ＂islands of fertility＂. In a desertified sandy grassland ecosystem, C. microphylla was believed to play a major role in organic C sequestration, N accumulation, and the hydrologic cycle. Additionally, it has been found to be of ecological importance for vegetative restoration and reversal of desertification.  相似文献   

3.
应用Wenner结构原理估计沙地松树人工林土壤含水量   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
To estimate the mean value of surface soil water content rapidly, accurately, and nonintrusively, field investigations on soil electrical resistivity （SER） with the Yokogawa 324400 earth resistivity meter and the surface （0-150 cm） soil water content （SWC） with time domain reflectometry （TDR）, together with the abiotic factors including soil texture, structure, and salinity concentrations were conducted in the Mongolian pine （Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica） plantations on a sandy land. The measurement of SER was based on the 4-probe Wenner configuration method. Relationships between the values of SWC and SER were obtained based on analysis of the abiotic factors of the research site, which play a key role in affecting the soil electrical resistivity. Results indicate that the SER meter could be used to estimate the mean value of SWC in the Mongolian pine plantations on the sandy land during the growing seasons. The bulky nature of the equipment simplified the cumbersome measurements of soil water content with the general methods. It must be noted that the Wenner configuration method could only provide the mean values of the SWC, and the soil texture, structure, temperature, and solute concentrations influenced the SER and further affected the estimation of the SWC by the SER meter. Therefore, the results of this study could be applied on a sandy land during the growing seasons only. However, the SWC of other soil types also may be obtained according to the individual soil types using the procedures of this study.  相似文献   

4.
线虫区系对科尔沁沙地草地退化的响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The responses of soil nematode communities to grassland degradation were studied under undegraded grassland （UG）, degraded grassland （DG）, and improved grassland （IG）, in Horqin Sandy Land, Inner Mongolia, Northeast China. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm. Total organic carbon （TOC） and total nitrogen （TN） exhibited positive effects on the total number of nematodes and trophic groups. Significant treatment effects were found in the total number of nematodes, plant parasites, and omnivores-predators. Measures taken in the improved grassland could improve the number of omnivorepredators, especially in the deeper soil layers. Nematode richness was lower in the DG treatment than in the IG and UG treatments. The food web structure index （SI） was significantly higher in the UG and IG treatments than in the DG treatment. A higher SI suggested a food web with more trophic linkages and relatively healthy ecosystems.  相似文献   

5.
Regeneration of degraded grassland ecosystems is a significant issue in restoration ecology globally. To understand the effects of artificial management measures on alpine meadows, we surveyed topsoil properties including moisture, organic carbon (SOC), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents five years after fencing and fencing + reseeding management practices in a sandy meadow in the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, northwestern China. Both the fencing and fencing + reseeding management practices significantly increased soil moisture storage, SOC, total N, available N, total P, and available P, as compared to the unmanaged control. Fencing plus reseeding was more effective than fencing alone for improving soil C, N, and P contents. These suggested that rehabilitation by reseeding and fencing generally had favorable effects on the soil properties in degraded sandy alpine meadows, and was an effective approach for restoration of degraded meadow ecosystems of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.  相似文献   

6.
This paper deals with a study on the effects of Chinese fir,lobolly pine and deciduous oak forests o the nutrient status of soils in northern subtropics of China,adopting the principle of forest ecology in the case of similar climate and soil type.The experimental area was situated in the Xiashu Experimental Centre of Forest,where the soil is yellow-brown soil derved from siliceous slope wash.Sample plots of these 3 stands were established to study the nutrient status in litter ,the amount of nutrient uptake by roots,the quantity of nutrient output by percolating water outside the deep layer of soil,and the seasonal dynamics of available nutrient in surface soil.It was whown that the intensity of nutrient cycling in soil under deciduous oak was the highest,and the effect of oak in improving soil fertility was the best.The result of improving soil fertility by Chinese fir was the most inferior,though the intensity of nutrient cycling under that stand was higher than that under loblolly pine stand.The influence of loblolly pine on the improvement of soil fertility was better than that of Chinese fir,in spite of its lowest intensity of nutrient cycling.  相似文献   

7.
The dynamics of soil inorganic nitrogen （NH4^＋ -N and NO3^- -N） and microbial biomass carbon （Cmic） and nitrogen （Nmic） under 30-year-old fenced Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litvin （SF）, unfenced P. sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litvin （SUF）, and unfenced Pinus densiflora Siebold et Zucc. （DUF） plantations in the Zhanggutai sandy soil of China were studied during Apr. to Oct. 2004 by the in situ closed-top core incubation method. All mentioned C and N indices in each stand type fluctuated over time. The ranges of inorganic N, Cmic, and Nmic contents in the three stand types were 0.7-2.6, 40.0-128.9, and 5.4-15.2 μg g^-1, respectively. The average contents of soil NH4^＋ -N and Cmic under the three 30-year-old pine plantations were not different. However, soil NO3^ -N and total inorganic N contents decreased in the order of SUF ≥ SF ≥ DUF, the Nmic content was in the order of SF = SUF 〉 DUF, and the Cmic：Nmic ratio was in the order of SUF = DUF 〉 SF. Seasonal variations were observed in soil inorganic N, microbial biomass, and plant growth. These seasonal variations had certain correlations with microbe and plant N use in the soil, and their competition for NH4^＋ -N was mostly regulated by soil N availability. The influence of tree species on inorganic N and Nmic were mainly because of differences in litter quality. Lack of gazing decreased the Cmic：Nmic ratio owing to decreased carbon output and increased the ability of soil to supply N. The soil N supply under the P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantation was lower than under the P. densiflora plantation.  相似文献   

8.
A field experiment was conducted at Kezuohouqi County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, which was located on the southeastern edge of the Horqin Sandy Land, to study the spatial variability of soil nutrients for a small-scale, nutrient-poor, sandy site in a semi-arid region of northern China; to investigate whether or not there were ＂islands of fertility＂ at the experimental site; and to determine the key nutrient elements that sustained ecosystem stability. Results obtained from geostatistical analysis indicated that the spatial distribution pattern of soil total nitrogen （STN） was far different from those of soil organic matter （SOM）, total phosphorus （STP）, and total potassium （STK）. Compared to SOM, STP, and STK, STN had a lower structural heterogeneity ratio and a longer range, while other elements were all similar. In addition, STN had an isotropic spatial structure, whereas the others had an anisotropic spatial structure. The spatial structure patterns of herbage species, cover, and height also differed, indicating that spatial variability was subjected to different ecological factors. Differences in the spatial variability patterns among soil nutrients and vegetation properties showed that soil nutrients for a small-scale were not the primary limiting factors that influenced herbage spatial distribution patterns. Incorporating spatial distribution patterns of tree species, namely, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv. and shrub Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. in a research plot and using fractal dimension, SOM, STP, and STK were shown to contribute to the ＂islands of fertility＂ phenomenon, however STN was not, possibly meaning that nitrogen was a key limiting element. Therefore, during restoration of similar ecosystems more attention should be given to soil nitrogen.  相似文献   

9.
Understanding the spatial variability of soil carbon(C) storage and its relationship with climate and soil texture is critical for developing regional C models and for predicting the potential impact of climate change on soil C storage. On the basis of soil data from a transect across the Inner Mongolian grasslands, we determined the quantitative relationships of C and nitrogen(N) in bulk soil and particle-size fractions(sand, silt, and clay) with climate and soil texture to evaluate the major factors controlling soil C and N storage and to predict the effect of climate changes on soil C and N storage. The contents of C and N in the bulk soil and the different fractions in the 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil layers were positively correlated with the mean annual precipitation(MAP) and negatively correlated with the mean annual temperature(MAT). The responses of C storage in the soil and particle-size fractions to MAP and MAT were more sensitive in the 0–20 cm than in the 20–40 cm soil layer. Although MAP and MAT were both important factors influencing soil C storage, the models that include only MAP could well explain the variation in soil C storage in the Inner Mongolian grasslands. Because of the high correlation between MAP and MAT in the region, the models including MAT did not significantly enhance the model precision. Moreover, the contribution of the fine fraction(silt and clay) to the variation in soil C storage was rather small because of the very low fine fraction content in the Inner Mongolian grasslands.  相似文献   

10.
森林养分循环模型应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The nutrient cycling model NuCM is one of the most detailed models for simulating processes that influence nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. A field study was conducted at Tieshanping, a Masson pine （Pinus massoniana Lamb.） forest site, in Chongqing, China, to monitor the impacts of acidic precipitation on nutrient cycling. NuCM simulations were compared with observed data from the study site. The model produced an approximate fit with the observed data. It simulated the mean annual soil solution concentrations in the two simulation years, whereas it sometimes failed to reproduce seasonal variation. Even though some of the parameters required by model running were measured in the field, some others were still highly uncertain and the uncertainties were analyzed. Some of the uncertain parameters necessary for model running should be measured and calibrated to produce a better fit between modeled results and field data.  相似文献   

11.
In order to understand the changes of surface soil carbon (C) storage following the afforestation of sandy grasslands, we used physical fractionation procedures to quantify C concentrations and sucrase enzyme activity in bulk soil and different particle fractions along two replicate chronosequences of Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.) plantations in the southeastern Keerqin Sand Lands, Northeast China. Carbon concentration in bulk topsoil (0–15 cm) initially decreased following afforestation of grassland and subsequently increased as the forest matured. In general, this pattern of C concentration changes was associated with all particle-size fractions (except clays) and both macro- and microaggregates. The patterns of topsoil C were also influenced by wind erosion and deposition, with marked increases in the relative mass of silt and fine sand fractions occurring during forest development. The loss of aggregates immediately following afforestation was counteracted by formation of aggregates as the forests developed, contributing to the stabilization of carbon. To enhance soil C storage during afforestation of sandy soils in such semi-arid regions it is recommended to minimize disruption of grassland vegetation during the planting stage.  相似文献   

12.
为掌握科尔沁沙地南缘樟子松造林40多年对土壤水分、盐度的影响。以科尔沁沙地樟子松林地、草地2020年3月至2021年11月土壤、气象数据为基础，采用双累积曲线法(DCM)验证样地选取的合理性，利用空间代替时间法(STM)研究樟子松林地、草地土壤含水量、盐度的变化规律，以及与气象因子关系的差异。樟子松林地改变了土壤纵向剖面水分、盐度分布规律，二者均趋于正“S”形分布；林地有效提高土壤储水量(p<0.05),降低土壤盐度，缩减水分次活跃层范围；林地土壤水分变异性更高(p<0.05),盐度变异性更低(p>0.05);林地的气象因子与土壤水分、盐度指标各分项之间关联程度与草地不同，减弱与降雨的相关性，增加与水汽压亏缺的相关系数。樟子松林生态系统具有较强的涵养水源、抑制土壤盐渍化的功能。  相似文献   

13.
植被恢复往往有利于提高生态系统的碳储量,但对南方丘陵陡坡荒山灌木草丛造林后如何影响生态系统碳库及其分配格局仍知之甚少。选取江西泰和典型丘陵陡坡(>25°)荒山灌木草丛和马尾松(Pinusmassoniana)造林19年后的林地为对象,开展上、中、下坡0～75cm土壤层和植物体碳储量的对比研究。结果表明,造林地土壤容重低于灌木草丛,土壤石砾含量与土壤碳含量和碳密度呈显著负相关,表明造林有利于改善土壤物理结构;石砾含量影响土壤碳积累。荒山灌木草丛和马尾松林土壤碳含量和碳密度均表现为随土壤加深呈下降的趋势(P<0.05),但上、中、下坡的变异规律不一致,且2种生态系统之间差异不显著。荒山灌木草丛和马尾松生态系统碳储量分别为52.85,111.31t/hm2,均表现为自上、中坡至下坡呈增加的趋势;灌木草丛和马尾松林中的植物体分别占生态系统碳储量的11.2%和59.5%。灌木草丛马尾松造林碳年均增汇3.08t/(hm2.a),林分生物量的积累是造林增汇的直接原因;推断种植耐瘠速生树种是提高困难立地造林碳增汇的有效途径。  相似文献   

14.
《Applied soil ecology》2011,47(3):341-346
We examined acid phosphatase activity (APA), N mineralization and nitrification rates, available N and P, and microbial biomass C, N and P in rhizosphere and bulk soils of 18-year-old Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila), Simon poplar (Populus simonii) and Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) plantations on a nutrient-poor sandy soil in Northeast China. The main objective was to compare the rhizosphere effects of different tree species on N and P cycling under nutrient-deficient conditions. All tree species had the similar pattern but considerably different magnitude of rhizosphere effects. The APA, potential net N mineralization and nitrification rates increased significantly (by 27–60%, 110–188% and 106–142% respectively across the three species) in rhizosphere soil compared to bulk soil. This led to significantly higher Olsen-P and NH4+-N concentrations in rhizosphere soil, whereas NO3−-N concentration was significantly lower in rhizosphere soil owing to increased microbial immobilization and root uptake. Microbial biomass C and N generally increased while microbial biomass P remained constant in rhizosphere soil relative to bulk soil, indicating the N-limited rather than P-limited microbial growth. Rhizosphere effects on P transformation were most pronounced for Siberian elm, while rhizosphere effects on N transformation were most pronounced for Mongolian pine, implying the different capacities of these species to acquire nutrients.  相似文献   

15.
Afforestation with Eucalyptus species is increasing in Brazil, but there is little information on the impacts of intensively managed short-rotation forestry on soil aggregate dynamics and labile organic matter fractions in these tropical ecosystems. This study investigated soil aggregate dynamics in a clay and sandy soil, each with a Eucalyptus plantation and an adjacent primary forest. It is shown that silviculture alters the processes of soil aggregate formation on both soil types. Micro-aggregates at 0–20 cm depth in the planted clay soil were 40% greater in mass than under native forest, and C and N were reduced by 87 and 75%, respectively. In plantations with a sandy soil, micro-aggregates had equal mass compared with native forest, but increased in C and N by 20 and 67%, respectively. The results from the sandy soil indicate that C and N increased in micro-aggregates following afforestation. Macro-organic matter fractions separated by density had lower mass, C, and N concentrations, and higher C:N ratios only in lower soil profiles, with native forest having greater values in all comparisons with light and medium fractions. The differences in micro-aggregate C and N and in the light and medium macro-organic matter fractions between the upper and lower soil profiles in both soils, indicate that silvicultural management had contrasting effects on different soil textures and at different depths. Increased micro-aggregate protection of C and N in the sandy plantation soil could negatively affect long-term nutrient cycling although the quantity and quality of light and medium macro-organic matter fractions did not change between plantation and native forest in the upper soil profile; this indicates that labile OM availability and quality had not been diminished in plantation soils at this depth.  相似文献   

16.
典型榆树疏林碳氮储量及其分配特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
榆树疏林是科尔沁沙地和浑善达克沙地植被演替的顶级群落。以退耕还林后天然恢复的科尔沁沙地榆树疏林和无破坏的浑善达克沙地榆树疏林为研究对象,运用样方调查法、生物量估算法及相关的数理统计方法,比较分析2种典型榆树疏林碳氮储量及其分配特征。结果表明：1）除土壤无机碳储量外,浑善达克沙地榆树疏林各组分的碳氮储量均显著高于科尔沁沙地榆树疏林,其中总的碳氮储量分别为科尔沁沙地榆树疏林的1.97和1.82倍;2）2种榆树疏林碳氮分配特征相似,最大贡献者均为土壤,其所占比例相应地均超过了55%和80%,而最小贡献者则均为枯落物;3）与浑善达克沙地榆树疏林相比,退耕还林后的科尔沁沙地榆树疏林可能具有更大的碳汇潜力和固氮功能。  相似文献   

17.
Cultivation and overgrazing are widely recognized as the primary causes of desertification of sandy grassland in the semi-arid region of northern China. Very little is known about the effect of cultivation and overgrazing on soil physical, chemical and biological properties in this region. The objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the magnitude of changes in soil properties due to 3 years of cultivation (3CGS) and 5 years of ungrazed exclosure (5RGS) in a degraded grassland ecosystem of the semi-arid Horqin sandy steppe. Short-term cultivation resulted in a 18–38% reduction in concentration of soil organic C, and total N and P in the 0–15 cm plow layer. Cultivation had a significant influence on N and P availability and soil biological properties, with lower basal soil respiration (BSR) and enzyme activities than the grassland soils. This was mostly due to strong wind erosion when sandy grassland was cultivated. Data indicated a considerable difference in soil particle size distribution between the cultivated and grassland soils, and fine fraction (<0.1 mm) in the cultivated soil was lower than that in the grassland soils. Moreover, grassland vegetation recovery in the 5RGS resulted in significant improvement in soil properties measured at the 0–7.5 cm depth. From the perspective of soil resource management and environmental conservation, a viable option for these sandy grasslands would be to stop conversion of grassland to cropland and adopt proper fencing practices to limit overgrazing.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract. Land requirements for Pinus halepensis Mill. growth were studied in thirty plots of a 40 year-old plantation in the semiarid Lower Ebro valley, northeast Spain, by comparing site index values to land characteristics. Site index at 40 years ranges from 4.1 m to 12.3 m. Moisture availability is the basic requirement for growth while nutrient availability has only a minor influence. Changes in moisture availability in the area are controlled by changes in soil rootable depth, with a minor effect of aspect. Soils developed on Tertiary gypsum rock are not suitable for afforestation with this species. Geomorphic and soil information may be combined, at various degrees of detail, to provide reliable estimates of Aleppo pine growth.  相似文献   

19.
Overgrazing is one of the main causes of desertification in the semiarid Horqin sandy grassland of northern China. Excluding grazing livestock is considered as an alternative to restore vegetation in degraded sandy grassland in this region. However, few data are available concerning the impacts of continuous grazing and livestock exclusion on soil properties. In this paper, characteristics of vegetation and soil properties under continuous grazing and exclusion of livestock for 5 and 10 years were examined in representative degraded sandy grassland. Continuous grazing resulted in a considerable decrease in ground cover, which accelerates soil erosion by wind, leading to a further coarseness in surface soil, loss of soil organic C and N, and a decrease in soil biological properties. The grassland under continuous grazing is in the stage of very strong degradation. Excluding livestock grazing enhances vegetation recovery, litter accumulation, and development of annual and perennial grasses. Soil organic C and total N concentrations, soil biological properties including some enzyme activities and basal soil respiration improved following 10-year exclusion of livestock, suggesting that degradation of the grassland is being reversed. The results suggest that excluding grazing livestock on the desertified sandy grassland in the erosion-prone Horqin region has a great potential to restore soil fertility, sequester soil organic carbon and improve biological activity. Soil restoration is a slow process although the vegetation can recover rapidly after removal of livestock. A viable option for sandy grassland management should be to adopt proper exclosure in a rotation grazing system in the initial stage of grassland degradation.  相似文献   

20.
不同密度樟子松固沙林土壤水分特征   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
[目的]探讨樟子松固沙林合理栽植密度,为进一步深入分析樟子松固沙林水量动态平衡、衰退原因及林分稳定性评价提供参考。[方法]以科尔沁沙地南缘3种密度(400,600和800株/hm2)的33a樟子松固沙林为研究对象,连续监测了生长季降雨、0—200cm土壤含水量、200cm以下渗漏量,分析了3种密度下土壤水分特征及差异。[结果](1)3种密度下土壤水分时空变化趋势基本一致,0—30cm为降雨影响剧烈层,60cm以下受40mm降雨影响,降雨结束后均表现蒸渗型水分消退特征,之后转换为蒸散型;(2)0—200cm土壤体积含水量大小为:400株/hm2600株/hm2800株/hm2,且差异显著(p0.05);(3)200cm以下均有水分渗漏,其中800株/hm2最低,为0.4mm。[结论]丰水年3种密度林分基本能够维持水量平衡,但正常降水或极端降水年份会增加土壤蓄存水消耗,可能出现水分亏缺或衰退现象。建议生产中樟子松固沙林适宜密度应控制在400株/hm2左右。  相似文献   

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