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1.
The efficacy of the commercial product Dipel 2X (Bacillus thuringiensis var.kurstaki), was assessed as a biological control means of the cotton leaf wormSpodoptera littoralis attacking clover cultivations (Trifolium alexandrinum) in Egypt. Field experiments using the biological agent were carried out in two localities as compared with the conventional chemical insecticide lannate. The percentage of reduction in the larval population increased at higher doses ofB. t. and the infestation levels reached very low levels, almost similar to those obtained after using lannate. The yield of the first cut of clover was estimated. The data obtained indicate that the yield significantly increased after treatment with eitherB. t. or lannate. In Menoufia, the yield was significantly higher after two successive spray applications withB. t. at 750 g/f compared to that obtained withB. t. when used at 500 g/f. In Giza Governorate, the yield was slightly higher after a single treatment withB. t. at 500 g/f as compared with lannate. 相似文献
2.
The efficacy of the commercial product Dipel 2X (Bacillus thuringiensis var.kurstaki), was assessed as a biological control means of the cotton leaf wormSpodoptera littoralis attacking clover cultivations (Trifolium alexandrinum) in Egypt. Field experiments using the biological agent were carried out in two localities as compared with the conventional
chemical insecticide lannate. The percentage of reduction in the larval population increased at higher doses ofB. t. and the infestation levels reached very low levels, almost similar to those obtained after using lannate.
The yield of the first cut of clover was estimated. The data obtained indicate that the yield significantly increased after
treatment with eitherB. t. or lannate. In Menoufia, the yield was significantly higher after two successive spray applications withB. t. at 750 g/f compared to that obtained withB. t. when used at 500 g/f. In Giza Governorate, the yield was slightly higher after a single treatment withB. t. at 500 g/f as compared with lannate. 相似文献
3.
The calculated percentage of droplets deposition ofBacillus thuringiensis var.kurstaki HD-1 Dipel 2X on the foliage of soybean plants in relation to the sensitive “Ciba Geigy” papers showed to be the highest
(92.4%) after ground spray application, compared to an average of 67.4, 85.8 and 89.3% following aerial application of the
same preparation in spray volumes of 10, 20 and 30 l/F, respectively.
Aerial application ofB. t. showed to be more effective during the first 3 days after spraying soybean cultivations and the mortality ofSpodoptera littoralis larvae varied between 36.9–67.2% in correlation to the spray volume. The volume achieving the highest and significant suppression
of infestation was 20 l/F. On the other hand, the yield of soybeans obtained from plots receiving a spray volume of 30 l/F
was higher compared to plots sprayed with a volume of 20 or 10 l/F, but with no significant difference when compared to those
plots receiving ground spray application. 相似文献
4.
The efficacy of two commercial products of Bactospeine and Bio-fly onPrays citri of lime trees was studied under laboratory and field conditions throughout the two seasons of 1996 and 1997. Laboratory results
indicated that the pathogenic effect of Bactospeine,Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) was higher than that of Bio-fly,Beauveria bassiana in spite of the latter was applied with higher doses. Bactospeine at the rate (2 cc/1 l.w.) effected on the larvae more than
on the adults, that treatment reduced no. of eggs/female by 81.70% and decreased the larval infestation by 90.08%. Bio-fly
at the highest concentration (4 cc/1 l.w.) reduced the infestation with the eggs, the larvae and the pupae by 65.83%, 68.45%
and 72.55%, respectively. Advanced effects of bacterial and fungal treatments on the final reduction rates ofP. citri infestation were recorded. Field applications revealed that two sprays with Bactospeine or Bio-fly gave good control ofP. citri more than one spray. Bactospeine at the rate (2 cc/1 l.w.) and Biofly at the rate (4 cc/1 l.w.) reduced the infestation by
(89.82–93.43%) and (76.32–78.83%), respectively. In all cases, higher doses of bioinsecticides produced potentiation effects
of infestation reduction. It is recommended that two sprays of Bactospeine at a rate (2cc/1 l.w.) are adequate effective to
reduce the population of P. citri in lime orchards during the main flowering period of trees without need of chemical insecticides.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献
5.
The pine processionary caterpillar,Thaumetopoea pityocampa is the most important defoliator of both native and introduced pines throughout Italy and is especially damaging in young
plantations and on ornamental trees. A number of microbial pathogens have been isolated from larvae and pupae over the last
30 years. Some of them have been evaluated as biological control agents, and have provided encouraging results. However, onlyBacillus thuringiensis var.kurstaki (Btk) has passed the experimental screening and is now available for routine treatments, although its application by air is subjected
to strict regulation by the government. The erratic performance of a single application ofBtk againstT. pityocampa that has been observed in the field (20–85% mortality) is related to a great variability in both the application dose and
some population parameters ofT. pityocampa. The emergence period of adults varies from July (Alps) to October (South) and its duration is related to the spreading of
the cohorts (individuals with different length of prolonged diapause) over time. In addition, embryonic development takes
from 20 to 45 days, depending strictly on the temperatures recorded in the egg masses. As a result, the most vulnerable larval
instars (L1 and L2) are never thoroughly reached by one application only, as the persistence of the bacteria on the needles
is usually limited. Two applications are requested to control the pest in stands where the egg hatching occurs over more than
one month. Another possibility consists of a single winter application against L3−L4 with a higher dose, to be performed where
a certain amount of damage is tolerated. 相似文献
6.
马铃薯甲虫是重要的入侵害虫,严重威胁着我国粮食作物马铃薯的生产。苏云金芽胞杆菌是重要的农业害虫生防细菌,对马铃薯甲虫有良好的防治效果。本文围绕苏云金芽胞杆菌在马铃薯甲虫防治上的研究进展与应用进行综述。主要从马铃薯甲虫的入侵与防治手段、苏云金芽胞杆菌的晶体蛋白结构与杀虫机制、对马铃薯甲虫有活性的Bt毒蛋白研究进展、Bt毒蛋白对马铃薯甲虫的作用机制以及马铃薯甲虫对Bt毒蛋白的抗性机制等方面进行了综述。最后,从Bt新基因的挖掘和杀虫机理方面对苏云金芽胞杆菌在马铃薯甲虫防治上的研究进行了展望。 相似文献
7.
According to the new trend of insect pests control in fruit orchards, biological in addition to mechanical control were evaluated for their efficiency on the reduction ofP. paradoxa population on fig trees during 1996, 1997 and 1998. Primary trials using the bacterial biopreparations of Delfin, Dipel and Bactospeine at the concentration of 200g/100 l. w. resulted in 81.8, 75.8 and 72.3% reduction of pest infestation, respectively. Pruning the infested branches, worming the larvae inside their tunnels and both mechanical treatments together along two successive years, reduced the infestation by 17.5, 47.4 and 57.9%, respectively. A control programme ofP. paradoxa was conducted using the techniques of pruning and worming besides spraying with bacterial insecticides at a rate of 200g/100 l.w. The performed mechanical and biological treatments together for one year gave 79.2–94.5% reduction of infestation, that reduction increased to 83.0–98.1% when these treatments were applied two years successively. 相似文献
8.
According to the new trend of insect pests control in fruit orchards, biological in addition to mechanical control were evaluated
for their efficiency on the reduction ofP. paradoxa population on fig trees during 1996, 1997 and 1998. Primary trials using the bacterial biopreparations of Delfin, Dipel and
Bactospeine at the concentration of 200g/100 l. w. resulted in 81.8, 75.8 and 72.3% reduction of pest infestation, respectively.
Pruning the infested branches, worming the larvae inside their tunnels and both mechanical treatments together along two successive
years, reduced the infestation by 17.5, 47.4 and 57.9%, respectively. A control programme ofP. paradoxa was conducted using the techniques of pruning and worming besides spraying with bacterial insecticides at a rate of 200g/100
l.w. The performed mechanical and biological treatments together for one year gave 79.2–94.5% reduction of infestation, that
reduction increased to 83.0–98.1% when these treatments were applied two years successively. 相似文献
9.
应用苏芸金杆菌 HD-1制剂,进行防治小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella L.)技术方法的研究,求出了 HD-1制剂对小菜蛾2、3、4龄幼虫杀虫曲线的回归直线方程分别为 y=8.18+2x,y=7.92+2x,y=6.93+2.1x。田间试验结果说明:每亩应用 HD-1制剂0.1～0.15公斤加水75～100公斤,防治小菜蛾效果达90%,高于常用化学农药,防治费用在0.3元左右,低于常用化学农药。HD-1制剂对天敌昆虫、蜘蛛等无不良影响。 相似文献
10.
为分离并鉴定对亚洲玉米螟具有高毒力的苏云金芽胞杆菌菌种,通过棋盘式采集法从吉林省农业科学院试验田土壤中分离获得野生菌株,进行了形态、生化特性、伴孢晶体观察及基因型鉴定,并测定了其对3种鳞翅目害虫的室内生物活性。结果显示:该菌株在LB培养基上为圆形、暗白色菌落,边缘不整齐,革兰氏染色阳性,产生的伴孢晶体形状多为不规则形。16S r DNA序列与苏云金芽胞杆菌属的NBRC 13865同源性达99%;该菌株为cry2+cry9复合基因型,编码氨基酸序列与Cry2Ab和Cry9Ea蛋白同源性分别为94%和99%,鉴定为苏云金芽胞杆菌,命名为JN001。该菌株对亚洲玉米螟具有较高毒性,以1.0×109个/m L菌体浓度接种3龄幼虫72 h后,其校正死亡率为95.06%,致死中浓度(LC50)为4.12×103个/m L菌体,而对斜纹夜蛾和粘虫毒性较弱,接种72 h后校正死亡率分别为12.88%和7.34%。表明该菌株是1株对亚洲玉米螟具有较强毒力的苏云金芽胞杆菌新菌株,具有较好的开发利用潜力。 相似文献
11.
Due to the fact that the persistence ofBacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) is very short in the field as affected by exposure to ultraviolet radiation, some biochemical approaches have been adopted
in an attempt to increase potentiation of the pathogen against the two lepidopterous corn borers,Chilo agamemnon andOstrinia nubilalis. These approaches were based on the incorporation of some selected non-toxic chemical compounds with different modes of action
with the endotoxin ofB.t. fed to the larvae and thus resulting in its potentiation.
Among the compounds tested, some representatives of inorganic salts, organic acids, protein and lipid solubilizing agents,
amino acids and amides showed an obvious potentiation to the endotoxin activity against the target insects. Inorganic salts,
such as, calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, zinc sulphate and potassium carbonate at 0.1% potentiated the activity of the product
Dipel 2X (B.t. var.kurstaki) against the two tested species in varying degrees. With regard to protein solubilzing agents, urea, sodium thioglycollate
and EDTA enhanced the potency ofB.t. againstO. nubilalis with a fold increase of 1.4–2.3. The lipid emulsifying agent Tween 80 (0.5%), caused 1.3 fold increase in the potency ofB.t. With respect toC. agamemnon, sodium thioglycollate and EDTA (0.1%) were effective in potentiating the activity ofB.t. with fold increase of 3.1 and 1.2, respectively, while urea caused a decrease in the potency ofB.t as compared with the control. The lipid emulsifying agent Tween 80 (0.5%) caused 1.3 fold increase in the potency ofB.t. The potentiating effect of aromatic compounds is not obvious with respect to the tested insect species. With amino acids
and amides, it appears that some of the tested compounds enhanced the potency ofB.t. against the tested insect species but in varying degrees. The mode of action of the tested compounds has been discussed in
the light of the results obtained. 相似文献
12.
Waqas Wakil M. Usman Ghazanfar Tahira Riasat Mirza Abdul Qayyum Sohail Ahmed Muhammad Yasin 《Phytoparasitica》2013,41(2):221-234
A local isolate of Metarhizium anisopliae (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae), Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and chlorantraniliprole were assessed against six field populations of tomato fruitworm Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in a series of laboratory bioassays. Two dose rates of B. thuringiensis (0.5, 1 μg g?1), one of both M. anisopliae (1.3?×?106 conidia ml?1) and chlorantraniliprole (0.01 ppm) were applied alone and in combination with each other against 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th larval instars. The mortality was observed every 24 h until pupation. The bioassays were carried out at 25°C and 75% r.h. The highest mortality was observed in Rawalpindi with the lowest pupation rate by applying the combined concentrations of B. thuringiensis and chlorantraniliprole. The lowest mortality was observed in population from Gujranwala among all the tested populations. The antagonistic interaction was noted where the high dose rate of B. thuringiensis was combined with M. anisopliae; however, the remaining interactions enhanced the mortality and reduced the percent pupation. The overall results demonstrated that all the treatments gave significant control of the larval instars of H. armigera. The population from Gujranwala proved least susceptible whereas the one from Rawalpindi was highly susceptible. 相似文献
13.
Field experiments in clover field showed that releasing of 10 matedM. rubens females/m2, increased parasitism amongA. ipsilon larvae from 16.7% at 0 to 43,3% after 10 days. Also, releasing 10 females/m2 after spraying 3% molasses in tomato field increased parasitism from 4% at 0-day to 27.5% after 10 days amongA. ipsilon larvae. Spraying molasses and kairomone together on maize plants, increased markedly the rate of parasitism amongS. cretica larvae comparing with parasitism obtained when each of them was sprayed alone. The release ofM. rubens in a rate of 10 females/m2 after spraying molasses and kairomone induced a significant increase in the rate of parasitism amongS. cretica larvae after 10 and 15 days compared to releasing 3 or 4 females of the parasitoid. A significant increase in parasitism amongS. cretica larvae on tomato after 10 and 15 days was recorded whenM. rubens was released at the rates of 5 and 10 females/m2, after spraying molasses and kairomone, compared to other treatments. 相似文献
14.
15.
The effectiveness of a commercial preparation ofBacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Dipel) against eggs and larvae ofBoarmia (Ascotis) selenaria Schiff. of different age was examined in laboratory and in field tests. The mortality rate ofB. selenaria was proportional to the concentration ofB. thuringiensis and inversely related to the age of the treated larvae. In neonate larvae, 100% mortality was obtained even with a low concentration (0.5%). Egg hatch was not affected, but the survival rate of larvae hatched from treated eggs was very low (2.2%). No phytotoxicity of the commercial microbial preparation was observed on fruit or leaves of avocado. High doses ofB. thuringiensis persisted on avocados, probably because of specific conditions:i.e., absence of rainfall, moderate temperatures and limited penetration of sunlight. Tests carried out in large commercial orchards, using motor-guns and helicopters, yielded good results. 相似文献
16.
为评估转cry1Ab/cry2Aj、cry1Ab/vip3DA玉米对棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner)、甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua(Hübner)和斜纹夜蛾Prodenia litura(Fabricius)的抗虫性,在室内测定了3个转cry1Ab/cry2Aj玉米品系和1个转cry1Ab/vip3DA玉米品系对3种害虫幼虫存活和生长发育的影响,研究了该系列Bt玉米不同组织器官对害虫的杀虫活性和控制效果。结果显示,棉铃虫初孵幼虫取食各品系Bt玉米叶片96h后死亡率为87.50%~90.00%,取食花丝和雌穗的幼虫96h后几乎全部死亡;甜菜夜蛾初孵幼虫取食各品系Bt玉米叶片、花丝和雌穗168h后死亡率为22.50%~68.33%,幼虫的生长发育受到明显抑制,体重抑制率达85.00%~95.00%;斜纹夜蛾初孵幼虫取食各品系Bt玉米叶片、花丝和雌穗96 h后死亡率显著高于非转基因亲本对照,168h后幼虫死亡率达90.00%以上。研究表明,转cry1Ab/cry2Aj和cry1Ab/vip3DA玉米品系对棉铃虫和斜纹夜蛾的初孵幼虫表现出较好的抗性,可以作为转多基因抗虫玉米育种的备选材料。 相似文献
17.
为探讨枯草芽胞杆菌Bacillus subtilis菌株B1409对番茄早疫病和辣椒疫霉病的防效和生防机制,采用平板对峙法和盆栽法测定了该菌株对番茄早疫病菌和辣椒疫霉病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用、对2种病害的盆栽防效以及对番茄和辣椒植株促生长效果和防御酶活性的影响。结果表明:菌株B1409能明显抑制番茄早疫病菌和辣椒疫霉病菌菌丝生长,且导致菌丝发生畸变。10~8CFU/mL菌株B1409菌液对番茄早疫病和辣椒疫霉病的预防效果分别为67.82%和61.22%,治疗效果分别为41.22%和56.43%。不同浓度B1409菌液均能促进番茄和辣椒植株生长,并能增强其体内超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性,且浓度越高促进效果越明显。番茄和辣椒植株的平均干重分别在10~2CFU/mL和10~4CFU/mL B1409菌液处理后显著高于对照,增长率分别为42.35%和4.87%。番茄和辣椒植株经10~2CFU/mL B1409菌液处理后,体内超氧化物歧化酶活性比对照显著增加,增长率分别为91.23%和19.58%。研究表明枯草芽胞杆菌B1409菌株可通过直接抑制菌丝生长及诱导植物体自身抗病性等方式来有效防治番茄早疫病和辣椒疫霉病。 相似文献
18.
P. F. Roversi 《Phytoparasitica》2008,36(2):175-186
Thaumetopoea processionea L. is an important oak defoliator whose outbreaks have become increasingly frequent in Europe and thus have received a great
deal of attention from foresters. Field trials were carried out in central Italy (Tuscany) to test the efficacy of aerial
spraying ofBacillus thuringiensis var.kurstaki [Btk] in early spring for the control of processionary infestations inQuercus cerris L. woods. The experimental sites were located in a hilly area of 1640 ha witha maximum altitude of 593 m a.s.l. and a yearly
mean temperature of 10°C. Turkey oak woods were divided into three areas to be treated with 31.75 BIU ha−1 (2.5l ha−1) on 578 ha, 44.45 BIU ha−1 (3.5l ha−1) on 306 ha and 57.15 BIU ha−1 (4.5l ha−1) on 756 ha, respectively. Five days after treatment, larval mortality was less than 40% in the control plot, but over 60%
in the treated areas. Thirteen days after treatment, larval mortality varied from 75.05% to 96.42% in the three treated areas.
Surveys conducted 2 months after the treatment showed a strong decline in the number of oak processionary nests in all the
treated plots. It was possible to control the pest effectively in turkey oak woods usingBtk at 31.75 BIU ha−1 distributed at ultra-low volume at the time of bud opening when nonurticating larvae were present.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting March 12, 2008. 相似文献
19.
为筛选防除雀麦Bromus japonicus的高效除草剂,采用室内生物测定法研究了13种除草剂对雀麦的除草活性及5种除草剂的田间药效试验。结果表明,在田间推荐剂量的低剂量下,氟唑磺隆、啶磺草胺、氟噻草胺、甲基二磺隆、异丙隆、磺酰磺隆、丙苯磺隆7种除草剂对雀麦具有很高的防除效果,21 d鲜重抑制率分别为88.30%、86.32%、83.97%、78.47%、76.76%、72.83%、71.39%,高剂量下的21 d鲜重抑制率达98.57%、95.36%、91.58%、91.46%、89.47%、82.48%、82.20%;其中氟唑磺隆各剂量下的防效较其它除草剂高。而嘧啶肟草醚、苯唑草酮、炔草酯、吡氟酰草胺、唑啉草酯、精噁唑禾草灵6种除草剂对雀麦防效较差。氟唑磺隆、啶磺草胺、氟噻草胺、甲基二磺隆、异丙隆5种除草剂的田间药效试验表明,氟唑磺隆对雀麦防效最高,高剂量下20 d株防效达85.04%,药后40 d株防效和鲜重防效分别达83.94%和84.17%,未见小麦有明显药害症状,建议田间推荐用量为21.00~42.00 g(a.i.)/hm~2。表明雀麦对不同除草剂的敏感性存在差异,在供试的13种除草剂中氟唑磺隆对雀麦防效最高,较为安全,为防除雀麦的理想除草剂。 相似文献
20.
Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner in combination with 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2% boric acid caused 100% mortality of the tobacco caterpillar,Spodoptera litura (F.), irrespective of instar, in a much shorter period (1.77 to 3.61 days) than with boric acid or the pathogen alone. The toxicity ofB. thuringiensis in combination with dicrotophos at 0.02 and 0.04%, with fenitrothion at 0.025 and 0.05%, or with dichlorvos at 0.01 and 0.05%, was enhanced. 相似文献