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1.
Steers sensitized or infected with Taenia saginata exhibited similar delayed-type dermal hypersensitivity (DTH) responses after intradermal inoculation with T. saginata or T. crassiceps skin test antigens. Steers sensitized to T. crassiceps cysticerci exhibited similar DTH responses to intradermal inoculation with T. crassiceps, T. saginata whole worm and T. saginata cysticerci antigens. No correlation existed between the DTH responses and the number of cysticerci in the carcasses. One sensitized/infected and one infected steer harbored cysticerci but exhibited no DTH responses. Infection with cysticerci did not elevate DTH responsiveness in sensitized animals. 相似文献
2.
In January to March 1981, 37 slaughter cattle from a single Ohio feeding operation were determined, at postmortem inspection, to be infected with Taenia saginata cysticerci. A subsequent outbreak on this same farm in March 1983 involved 7 slaughter cattle. An epidemiologic investigation was conducted of possible sources of the T saginata ova; these included leakage of raw sewage onto the pasture after a flood in 1980, municipal sewage sludge application on the farm, defecation in feed or water by farm workers, and other off-farm sources. Temporal and spatial observations implicated raw sewage contamination of pastures as the most likely source of infection in the 1981 outbreak. The outbreak in 1983 was more likely associated with sludge application. The possibility of an infected worker exposing the cattle to infected feces was not excluded definitely as a possible source. 相似文献
3.
The paper describes the epidemiological investigation carried out on two dairy farms with cattle infected with Taenia saginata cysts. On the first affected farm it was estimated using Bayesian techniques that approximately 65% of 1400 mixed-age cattle were infected with Taenia saginata cysts. The investigation aimed to determine potential exposure pathways of cattle to Taenia saginata with a view to finding the human source of infection and to describe the epidemiology of the outbreak on the affected farms. In order to determine potential exposure pathways, investigation was centred on how feed or water could have been contaminated with eggs. The plausibility of pathways was determined by examining the spatial and temporal association between factors related to the pathway and the prevalence of infection in cattle strata. We describe the investigation carried out on affected farms. 相似文献
4.
Evaluation of an antigenic fraction of Taenia hydatigena metacestode cyst fluid for immunodiagnosis of bovine cysticercosis 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
E I Kamanga-Sollo M L Rhoads K D Murrell 《American journal of veterinary research》1987,48(8):1206-1210
An antigenic fraction (ThFAS) isolated from Taenia hydatigena metacestode cyst fluid was used in an ELISA to detect antibodies to T saginata in experimentally and naturally infected cattle. In 10 calves given 1,000 to 100,000 T saginata eggs (20% to 60% viability), IgG and IgM antibodies were detected in all the calves by post-inoculation week 3. Immunoglobulin G antibody values remained increased until calves were slaughtered at post-inoculation weeks 13 to 26. Six naturally infected calves (determined by postmortem examination) were considered positive, using the ELISA. Shared antigens were demonstrated between ThFAS and T saginata and T crassiceps; there were no shared antigens between ThFAS and Haemonchus contortus or Fasciola hepatica. Specific lectin binding to ThFAS indicated the presence of glycoconjugates. Immunoblot analysis indicated that a low molecular weight polypeptide (10,000 Mr) bears the immunodiagnostic antigen. 相似文献
5.
The results of the study of the epidemiology and epizootology of Taenia saginata in the Jindrich?v Hradec district indicate that this tapeworm species has adapted successfully to anthropogenic conditions. Mass occurrence of bovine cysticercosis, coming from a limited source, was observed in the Jindrich?v Hradec district. Our of the 907 employees of one farm, T. saginata was found in two workers engaged in animal production and in one person working in crop production. Their recovery resulted in the eradication of cysticercosis in the cattle kept on that farm; before eradication the disease was responsible for losses of several hundreds of thousands of crowns. 相似文献
6.
Over the years 1983 to 1984 two-hundred and sixty-five bulls were examined during mass occurrence of bovine cysticercosis in one farm; out of this number 67 animals (25.3%) were confirmed autopsically as infected with cysticercosis. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis was used to examine the serum of slaughtered animals by help of two antigens--Taenia saginata and Taenia crassiceps. With T. saginata the sensitivity amounted to 44.8% and the specificity to 86.4%, with T. crassiceps to 28.3% and to 89.9%. 相似文献
7.
The serum antibody levels to Taenia saginata of three groups of cattle were assessed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The first group of cattle were from four farms which had a confirmed T saginata cysticercosis outbreak, all of which had cattle classed as infected by ELISA. The second group were from four farms where sewage sludge had been applied to pasture subsequently grazed by the cattle. One of these farms had cattle classed as infected by ELISA. The control cattle, which were all classed as uninfected by ELISA, came from five farms whose pasture had not been treated with sewage sludge. In a wider survey, involving sera from 47 additional farms, the majority could not be distinguished from the control farms in the earlier survey. However, samples from three of the farms had a similar number of positives to two of the known infected farms in the initial survey. Since the ELISA assay may indicate infected herds, farms such as these warrant further investigation. 相似文献
8.
Taenia saginata cyst fluid was examined for host proteins; IgG1 and IgG2 as well as haemolytic complement activity were detected. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed differences in proteinograms among the samples taken from 1-, 4-, and 10-month old cysts. Fluid from older cysts had fewer protein components and showed a weaker antigenic reaction with sera of bovines infected with T. saginata than that of younger cysts. The roles of antibody and complement in initiating degeneration of the parasite are discussed. 相似文献
9.
Ferrer E Benitez L Foster-Cuevas M Bryce D Wamae LW Onyango-Abuje JA Garate T Harrison LJ Parkhouse RM 《Veterinary parasitology》2003,111(1):83-94
Immunity in Taeniids is predominantly antibody mediated and thus many serological immuno-determinants will have potential in both protection and diagnosis. The antigenicity of six peptides derived from four potentially protective molecules cloned from a Taenia saginata oncospheres cDNA library have been evaluated as targets for the specific diagnosis of bovine cysticercosis. The six peptides consist of: two peptides (HP6-2 and HP6-3) derived from the sequence of the 18 kDa surface/secreted oncospheral adhesion antigen identified by McAb-HP6, two peptides (Ts45W-1 and Ts45W-5) derived from the sequence of the T. saginata homologue of the T. ovis 45W protective gene family, one peptide (TS45S-10) derived from a T. saginata sequence with significant similarity to the T. ovis 45S protective antigen, and one peptide (TEG-1) derived from the sequence of the T. saginata homologue of Echinococcus spp. main surface protein. Longitudinal studies indicate that T. saginata infected cattle respond to all six peptides by 3-4 weeks post-infection and that the antibody levels remain high for at least 12 weeks post-infection. As protection against Taeniid parasites is predominantly antibody mediated, some of these six peptides may be of value as immuno-prophylactic tools and hence also in assays to determine resistance to infection with the parasite. For diagnosis, on the other hand, only three peptides (HP6-2, TEG-1 and Ts45S-10) performed with the necessary sensitivity and specificity to determine exposure to infection with T. saginata, and now merit an exhaustive evaluation prior to employment as routine diagnostic tools. 相似文献
10.
Calves were infected with 25,000 or 50,000 viable eggs of Taenia saginata. Larval numbers ranged between 2077 and 6005. During infection the animals developed leucocytosis, which was mainly due to lymphocytosis. An apparently positive correlation was observed between the lymphocytosis and the in vitro proliferative response of the lymphocytes to antigen prepared from proglottids. Maximal in vitro blast transformation of the cells stimulated with antigen occurred on Days 12 and 32 post-infection (p.i.). Specific antibodies to T. saginata were demonstrated on Day 14 p.i. At that time, the proliferative response of the cells paralleled the formation of specific antibodies, particularly of the IgG class. The stimulated cells produced a lymphokine showing interleukin 2 (IL 2)-like activity, since the addition of supernatant of such cells to IL 2-dependent concanavalin A (Con A)-blast cells supported the in vitro growth of the cells. In addition, peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) specific for T. saginata could be maintained in long-term cultures when they were cultured in medium containing supernatants of MLA-144 cell lines. The data presented in this study indicate that cells specific for T. saginata produced and consumed T cell growth factor (TCGF). 相似文献
11.
A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2005 to April 2006 on bovine cysticercosis in cattle slaughtered at Awassa municipal abattoir with the objective of determining the prevalence of Taenia saginata cysticercosis, cyst viability, distribution and its public health implication. Questionnaire survey involving 120 respondents was also conducted on human taeniasis. A total of 400 carcasses were examined during the study period, of which 105 (26.25%) were infected with T. saginata metacestodes. From a total of 3200 samples inspected, 500 cysticerci were detected in 141 samples, of which 221 (44.2%) were alive. The anatomical distribution of cysticerci were 65 (29.2%) heart, 56 (25.3%) shoulder muscle, 59 (26.7%) masseter, 23 (10.4%) tongue, 12 (5.4%) diaphragm, three (1.4%) liver, two (0.9%) lung and one (0.5%) kidney samples. The prevalence varied significantly between local and crossbred animals (OR = 3.15, P < 0.05), but not varied between sex, age groups and origin of the animals. T. saginata taeniasis was a widespread public health problem in the town with an overall prevalence of 64.2% (77 of 120). The potential risk factors for disease contraction were raw meat consumption, religion and occupational risks. In conclusion, the study revealed high prevalence of T. saginata metacestodes throughout the edible organs together with existence of deep-rooted tradition of raw meat consumption. This may magnify the public health hazards of T. saginata in the study area. As a result, the disease deserves due attention to safeguard the public health and further promote beef industry in the country. 相似文献
12.
B Kalinna E Geyer M Walther 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1990,37(3):213-221
This study reports on the purification of an antigen predominant within the vesicular fluid (VF) of T. crassiceps metacestodes and shown to share identity with the major vesicular fluid protein of the T. saginata larval stage. Purification was achieved by gel filtration of the VF on Sephacryl S-300 superfine, followed by ion exchange HPLC. The antigen represents a single polypeptide chain (Mr appr. 37,000) with carbohydrate moieties without affinity to ConA. Isoelectric focusing of the electrophoretical and immunological homogeneous antigen resulted in five bands focusing at pH 4.0, 4.2, 4.4, 4.6 and 4.8, respectively. In ELISA, the purified antigen detected serum IgG-antibodies in all 21-35 weeks old calves (n = 10) with experimental cysticercosis (70 to 6,000 viable larvae recovered). When compared to T. saginata metacestode VF the antigen was the better reagent for discriminating between infected and non-infected animals. As shown by immunodiffusion and ELISA the antigen is also common to the T. saginata adult stage and obviously to other taeniid metacestodes where it is accumulated in the VF or hydatid fluid. 相似文献
13.
Niels Chr. Kyvsgaard Bente Ilse Svend Aage Henriksen Niels Chr. Feld Peter Nansen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1991,32(2):233-241
Serum IgG response of cattle with cysticercosis caused by Taenia saginata was studied in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) where a T. saginata metacestode surface extract was used as antigen. In experimentally infected calves, a sharp rise in specific antibody levels was found 3-4 weeks after the infection followed by a logical level of detection corresponded to about 25 cysts. The ELISA was employed in cattle herds where cysticercosis outbreaks had occurred and also in supposedly uninfected herds. Significantly increased antibody levels were found in the herds with massive cysticercosis cases. The test was not adapted for individual diagnosis as some animals of the uninfected herds, especially within the older age groups, had elevated antibody values. The ELISA was, however, useful in the investigation of outbreaks to determine the extent and pattern of the infection in the herd. The rate of decline in antibody levels in these herds was studied by follow up sampling. The increased antibody levels in the infected herds were also reflected in colostrum-fed calves. This observation was employed to estimate the time of infection. 相似文献
14.
A 'dipstick' immunoassay for bovine cysticercosis, using an antigen isolated from Taenia hydatigena cyst fluid, was evaluated in cattle experimentally infected with Taenia saginata. The assay correctly identified six out of seven infected cattle, including an animal in which only 12 living cysticerci were found. Cattle became seropositive as early as 3 weeks post-infection. A false-negative reaction was found for one very lightly infected animal, from which only four living cysticerci were recovered at necropsy. The assay was also used to detect circulating antibodies in experimentally infected cattle before and after therapeutic treatment with anthelminthics. The results suggest that praziquantel-treated animals gradually revert to being seronegative after the cysticerci are killed. 相似文献
15.
In spite of the EU directives that regulate meat inspection for bovine cysticercosis, Taenia saginata is still present in Europe and causes economic losses due to condemnation, refrigeration and downgrading of infected carcasses. The main reasons for this persistence include the low sensitivity of current meat inspection protocols, the dissemination and survival of eggs in the environment and cattle husbandry systems, which allow grazing on pastures and drinking from water streams. It is assumed that water streams and surface water are potentially contaminated with T. saginata eggs. Furthermore, current wastewater management not only fails to halt, but rather contributes to the dissemination of eggs in the environment. Here, the authors discuss an integrated approach for control of this food-borne zoonosis, as well as the potential use of serological methods as a way of improving detection of bovine cysticercosis. 相似文献
16.
The distribution of Taenia saginata cysts was recorded in 23 experimentally infected calves. The calves harboured between two and 2569 cysts. A median of 15.7 per cent of the cysts were located in the heart and 6.5 per cent in the masseter muscles, the organs usually considered as the most important predilection sites. From these findings a simple probability model was used to estimate the meat inspection sensitivity at different infection levels. It was concluded that the possibility of detecting infected cattle is limited especially when, as in Denmark, the majority of animals are lightly infected. 相似文献
17.
Calves were first infected with 5000 Taenia saginata eggs at six to 10 weeks old and treated with praziquantel 12 weeks later. Complete immunity against challenge lasted for at least 12 weeks following anthelmintic treatment. Six months after drug treatment over 90 per cent of the cysticerci had been completely absorbed but some were still detectable especially in the heart. An increase was observed in the ELISA values of sera from infected calves following treatment with praziquantel, but no such rise was detected in sera from resistant calves after challenge infection. 相似文献
18.
Oryan A Gaur SN Moghaddar N Delavar H 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》1998,69(4):156-162
Calves 1-2 months old were experimentally infected with eggs of Taenia saginata and clinical and haematological deviations, development and distribution of cysticerci and pathological changes were recorded. The calves infected with 5,000, 10,000 or 50,000 eggs showed an increase in pulse and respiratory rates. The animals that received 50,000 eggs had significantly increased pulse (p < 0.05) and respiratory rates (p < 0.005). The symptoms were more severe in young, 30-day-old calves infected with 50,000 eggs. Haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit values and red blood cell count decreased, but white blood cell count increased slightly. Lymphocytes and eosinophils also increased up to 88% and 14% (p < 0.05), respectively. Most of the cysticerci were not fully formed 1 month post-infection, but at 2 months the cysts were fully mature and at 4 months, some cysts had degenerated. There was no uniform pattern of distribution of cysticerci in the body of infected calves, but the most commonly affected sites were masseter and heart muscles, followed by diaphragm, tongue and other skeletal muscles. The maximum concentration of 8-14 cysticerci per 10 g of tissue was recorded in masseter muscles and heart. The affected parts revealed tissue reactions that included pressure atrophy, necrosis and fibrosis. Microscopically, the lesions comprised infiltration with lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils and macrophages, fibrosis, necrosis and calcification. The tissue reaction was severe in calves infected with 50,000 eggs. The severity of clinical signs, haematological and pathological changes depended mostly on the age of the animals and dose of infection. 相似文献
19.
González LM Villalobos N Montero E Morales J Sanz RA Muro A Harrison LJ Parkhouse RM Gárate T 《Veterinary parasitology》2006,142(1-2):95-101
In the present work, the species-specific identification of Taeniid spp. cysticerci and sarcocystis cysts isolated from infected pigs and cattle was achieved by PCR. In particular: (i) multiplex-PCR derived from HDP2 DNA fragment, specific for Taenia saginata/Taenia solium; (ii) PCRs and PCR-RFLPs of the rDNA internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2) for the differential diagnosis of taeniids; (iii) PCR derived from the 18S rRNA gene and sequencing, specific for Sarcoystis spp. The combined application of these three PCR protocols provided an unequivocally specific diagnosis of T. saginata, T. solium, T. hydatigena, Sarcocystis hominis and Sarcocystis suihominis, and may have practical application in the identification of calcified degenerating or morphologically dubious cysts, for example in the slaughter house situation or in human biopsy samples. 相似文献
20.
Kebede N 《Research in veterinary science》2008,85(3):522-526
The occurrence of cysticercosis due to Taenia saginata in cattle slaughtered for meat in Amhara National Regional State, northwestern Ethiopia between September 2005 and February 2007 was investigated. Routine meat inspection of various organs of 4456 cattle in eight abattoirs of this region showed that 824 (18.49%) were infected with Cysticercus bovis. The occurrence rate did not vary significantly from abattoir to abattoir (P>0.5). The tongue, masseter muscles, heart muscles, triceps muscles and thigh muscles were the main predilection sites of the cysts. Of 4102 male cattle, examined, 768 (18.72%) had cysts of C. bovis while 56 (15.82%) of the 354 female animals investigated were infected. The animals slaughtered were all adults. No significant difference in occurrence was recorded between the sexes. Monthly occurrence of the cysts in the animals revealed a rise of infected animals during the dry season. 相似文献