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1.
Summary A method is described for propagating potato shoot tips with liquid culture in petri dishes. With cv: Exton, Pontiac, Kennebec
and Sebago multiplication rates could exceed 8-fold every 8 weeks. The petri dishes can be packed so as to accommodate large
numbers of multiplying tips in a small space. 相似文献
2.
Summary The effect of liquid and solid media on the growth of micropropagated potato shoots (cvs Spunta, Kennebec and Huinkul) was
studied in relation to the availability of nutrients and water in the culture medium. Nitrogen and sugar assimilation in the
shoot and the water content of the shoots were evaluated. The water content of the plant tissues was not affected by the physical
state of the medium. The liquid medium caused a greater accumulation of dry matter in the shoot without changing assimilate
partition. The liquid medium increased shoot growth without affecting the number of nodes. The higher growth rate of shoots
in liquid medium was correlated with increases in their organic nitrogen and sugar contents, indicating that nutrient assimilation
was favoured in liquid media. 相似文献
3.
为在苗期可通过根系形态数量性状对氮高效小麦品种进行鉴别,利用营养液培养法,在正常氮(5mmol·L~(-1))和高氮(45mmol·L~(-1))处理下,研究了黄淮平原区18个主栽小麦品种苗期氮素利用效率与根系形态数量性状的关系;通过干物重和氮积累量与根系形态指标相结合的方式对供试小麦品种植株氮效率进行了综合评价,并划分不同氮效率类型。结果发现,在两种氮处理下,供试小麦品种的根干重、茎叶干重、单株干重、根氮含量、茎叶氮含量、单株氮含量、单株总根长、根总表面积、根总体积、根尖数的变异系数均大于15%,可作为氮效率评价指标。小麦的单株总根长、根总表面积、根总体积、根尖数与植株氮积累量呈显著正相关,可以作为育种早期筛选高氮效率材料的指标。不同氮效率类型的单株总根长、根总表面积、根总体积、根尖数均表现为氮高效型氮中效型氮低效型。通过逐步回归分析,建立了小麦幼苗植株氮积累量和根系形态数量性状的预测模型,拟合精度在91.91%以上。小麦不同氮效率类型间的单株总根长、根总表面积、单株根尖数的差异均达显著水平,生产上可根据小麦苗期根系的主要形态数量性状判断其氮效率高低。 相似文献
4.
甘蔗茎尖胚状体脱毒苗快繁技术研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以甘蔗新台糖22号为材料,比较茎尖胚状体、茎尖与腋芽3种分化成苗繁育方法在不同时期接种、不同激素水平下的组培苗增殖速度、苗素质及脱毒效果。试验结果表明:组培苗繁殖速度以茎尖胚状体分化苗最快,增殖5代后扩繁2589倍,茎尖297倍,腋芽104倍,培养基以6-BA 1.5mg/L+NAA 0.01~0.1mg/L增殖效果最好;组培苗质量与繁殖速度相反;出现不正常生长的苗类型有白化苗、细弱小苗、玻璃化苗、疯长苗4种,茎尖胚状体苗发生率1.77%,茎尖苗1.56%,腋芽苗0.31%;不同处理间组培苗生根及移栽成活率差异不显著,生根率茎尖胚状体苗75.3%、茎尖苗76.9%、腋芽苗76.6%,移栽成活率茎尖胚状体苗94.8%、茎尖苗95.4%、腋芽苗95.1%,生根培养基以NAA7.5mg/L+ABA 2.5mg/L最好;去除RSD、花叶病方面,以茎尖胚状体苗最好,RSD去除率95%、花叶病去除率100%,茎尖苗RSD去除率70%、花叶病75%,腋芽苗未能去除RSD、花叶病。应用茎尖胚性细胞再生植株,脱毒效果好,繁殖速度快,可克服目前脱毒苗生产中试管苗扩繁量小、成本高的难题。 相似文献
5.
Potato is one of the most important crops worldwide. Genetic resources of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. ssp. tuberosum) and related cultivated species are conserved through storage of tubers, in vitro plants and in cryopreservation. Cryopreservation,
storage in or above liquid nitrogen, is the best option to maintain vegetatively propagated plants in the long term. The present
review gives comprehensive information about various cryopreservation techniques for potato published from 1977 until the
present. It discusses factors that affect the process and success of cryopreservation, such as donor culture conditions, preculture,
cooling, warming and post-culture treatments. Studies are presented that analyse the histological and ultrastructural changes
after different cryopreservation steps and the morphological pathways during regeneration of plants after rewarming. The maintenance
of genetic stability in potato after cryopreservation has also been demonstrated by various phenotypic and molecular methods.
The first thermal analyses on potato shoot tips are presented using differential scanning calorimetry to analyse the state
of water during cooling and warming. Biochemical analyses of different compounds, such as soluble sugars and proteins, have
been performed to understand and improve existing cryogenic methods. Potato is an example where successful virus elimination
has been obtained via cryopreservation of shoot tips (cryotherapy). There are already cryopreserved collections of potato
shoot tips in Germany, Peru, Czech Republic, South Korea and USA, but additional experiments on fundamental aspects of potato
cryopreservation will help to improve understanding of the different cryopreservation methods, start new collections in other
countries and also build up existing cryocollections of potato. 相似文献
6.
C. R. Brown S. Kwiatkowski M. W. Martin P. E. Thomas 《American Journal of Potato Research》1988,65(11):633-638
In vitro shoot tips from PVS-infected potato breeding clones and cultivars were exposed to a constant temperature of 34 C and 8,100 lux light. Meristems were excised from heat-treated shoot tips after 3 to 7 weeks of heat therapy. Serological tests were performed on shoot tips derived from meristems excised from heat-treated shoot tips. Additional serological tests, combined with bioassays, applied to six-week-old pot-grown cuttings derived from these shoot tips, did not detect PVS in 19 out of 21 clones given heat therapy. A 90% rate of eradication was achieved. 相似文献
7.
一定的低温条件是启动油菜离体枝尖花芽分化的必要条件。在适宜的环境条件下,油菜离体枝尖能在不加任何植物激素的MS培养基上正常开花。高浓度细胞分裂有有促进油菜离体枝尖营养生长并抑制其生殖生长的作用,能使油菜离体枝尖的分枝和每个分枝的叶片显著增多,主枝和分枝出现花蕾的时间明显延迟,花蕾较早败育。 相似文献
8.
根系局部供氮对水稻根系形态的影响及其机理 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
通过砂培试验，研究了水稻根系和地上部分（苗）对局部根系供应氮素的适应性变化。局部根系供应氮素对水稻根系形态，生物量及碳、氮分配有明显的影响。无论供氮量高低，供氮一侧均能诱导根系生长发育，表现为供氮一侧侧根长、根表面积、根系体积、根重等明显高于无氮侧，但是根系直径明显变细。供氮侧根系碳水化合物含量高于无氮侧；随供氮量的增加，碳水化合物含量相对减少。根据试验结果，认为局部供应氮素诱导根系生长发育的可能机理是无氮一侧根系的饥饿信号诱导地上部碳水化合物定向运输和分配到供氮侧的根系，从而促进该侧根系的生长发育。 相似文献
9.
Cryotherapy of Potato Shoot Tips for Efficient Elimination of Potato Leafroll Virus (PLRV) and Potato Virus Y (PVY) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Viral diseases constitute a major constraint to high yield and high quality production of potato. Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) and Potato virus Y (PVY) are among the most damaging potato viruses and are prevalent in most potato growing areas. In the present study, attempts
were made to eliminate PLRV and PVY by three cryogenic protocols, i.e., encapsulation-dehydration, encapsulation-vitrification
and droplet. Results showed that both PLRV and PVY could be efficiently eliminated by cryogenic treatments with 83–86% and
91–95% of frequencies of virus-free plantlets obtained for the former and latter, respectively. Frequencies of virus-free
plantlets produced by cryogenic treatments were higher than those by meristem culture (56% for PLRV and 62% for PVY) and thermotherapy
(50% for PLRV and 65% for PVY), and similar to those by thermotherapy followed by meristem culture (90% for PLRV and 93% for
PVY). Survival (75–85%) and regrowth (83–89%) from cryo-treated shoot tips were higher than those from meristem culture (50–55%)
and thermotherapy followed by meristem culture (40–50%), but similar to those from thermotherapy (80–87%). The morphology
of the plantlets regenerated from cryo-treated shoot tips was similar to that of non-treated plantlets. Thus, cryotherapy
would provide an alternative method for efficient elimination of potato viruses, and can be simultaneously used for long-term
storage of potato germplasm and for production of virus-free plants. 相似文献
10.
Mohammed F. Aldawsari Mohammed Muqtader Ahmed Farhat Fatima Md. Khalid Anwer Prakash Katakam Abdullah Khan 《Marine drugs》2021,19(8)
The objective of this work was to develop sustained-release Ca-alginate beads of apigenin using sodium alginate, a natural polysaccharide. Six batches were prepared by applying the ionotropic gelation technique, wherein calcium chloride was used as a crosslinking agent. The beads were evaluated for particle size, drug loading, percentage yield, and in vitro drug release. Particle size was found to decrease, and drug entrapment efficiency was enhanced with an increase in the polymer concentration. The dissolution study showed sustained drug release from the apigenin-loaded alginate beads with an increase in the polymer proportion. Based on the dissolution profiles, BD6 formulation was optimized and characterized for FTIR, DSC, XRD, and SEM, results of which indicated successful development of apigenin-loaded Ca alginate beads. MTT assay demonstrated a potential anticancer effect against the breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines. The antimicrobial activity exhibited effective inhibition in the bacterial and fungal growth rate. The DPPH measurement revealed that the formulation had substantial antioxidant activity, with EC50 value slightly lowered compared to pure apigenin. A stability study demonstrated that the BD6 was stable with similar (f2) drug release profiles in harsh condition. In conclusion, alginate-based beads could be used for sustaining the drug release of poorly water-soluble apigenin while also improving in vitro antitumor, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity. 相似文献
11.
M K Biswas M Hossain R Islam 《中国马铃薯》2005,19(6):321-325
In vegetatively propagated crops,once system ati-cally infected w ith a viral disease,the pathogen canpassed from one generation to the next[1].Especially inpotato,contam ination by a pathogen can severely re-duce the total yield of the crop[2].Traditionally,potatovarieties have been and still m aintained in a fieldgene bank.M aintenance of potato germ plasm in thefield is a m ajor consum er of tim e,m anpower andspace aside from diseases and environm ental stresses.The m ajor disadvantage of … 相似文献
12.
Ziva Amsellem Nina K. Zidack P. Charles QuimbyJr. Jonathan Gressel 《Crop Protection》1999,18(10):51-649
The production of large amounts of fungal spores for preservation and formulation are considered constraints to effective use of fungal biocontrol agents. Few successful attempts have been made to store fungal mycelia alone. Late log-phase liquid fermenter cultured isolated mycelia of two Fusarium spp. specific to the parasitic broomrapes (Orobanche spp.) from fermenters were formulated in alginate beads or in ‘Stabileze’ (starch, sucrose, corn oil, and silica) and air-dried. ‘Stabileze’ formulations exhibited <30% loss of mycelial viability for >9 months and retained pathogenicity to the weed for over a year, while mycelia harvested earlier, and conidia from liquid culture exhibited >40% loss of viability. Mycelia from liquid culture yielded >20 times more colony forming units (cfu) of F. arthrosporioides and >2 times more cfu of F. oxysporum than spores at late log phase. Efficient formulation of mycelia should significantly change the economics of biocontrol. 相似文献
13.
不同处理方法对马铃薯茎尖成苗率的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
试验以带马铃薯病毒的N88为材料,分别在40℃/25℃(4 h/20 h)的变温环境中,培养2、3、4周处理后茎尖剥离;以N88和D575试管苗为材料,在加入0,20,30 mg·L-1病毒唑的培养基中处理40 d后茎尖剥离。茎尖培养基为MS+0.05 mg·L-1 NAA+0.1 mg·L-1 6-BA+0.1 mg·L-1 GA3+4 g·L-1琼脂粉+30 g·L-1白砂糖的改良固体培养基,30 d后开始调查成苗率,每隔10 d调查1次,直到60 d,统计茎尖成苗率。结果表明:2周变温处理的茎尖成苗率和对照接近,但脱毒率有所提高;4周变温处理剥离茎尖成苗率最低,60 d成苗率仅为15%,脱毒率为100%;病毒唑浓度对不同材料的茎尖成苗率影响不同,其中D575经过20 mg·L-1病毒唑处理,茎尖培养60 d后成苗率最高达到83.3%,PVS脱除率为40%;材料N88在加入20 mg·L-1和30 mg·L-1浓度病毒唑的培养基中培养40 d后茎尖剥离,60 d成苗率分别为40.0%和41.7%,PVY、PLRV的脱毒率为100%。 相似文献
14.
Summary Cultures of 23 potato cultivars were examined for their responses to hormonal and osmotic growth inhibitors incorporated in
media used for storage in-vitro. Cultivars differed in their tolerance of inhibitors and also in their growth on a Murashige
and Skoog medium with 3% sucrose. Both osmotic and hormonal growth retardants restricted the development of shoot tips but
there were significant cultivar x treatment interactions, indicating that the ranking of cultivars will vary with the media
used. Such interactions may complicate the establishment of facilities for storage in-vitro. However, addition to the basal
medium of 5 mg l−1 abscisic acid reduced both the overall mean scores and, more importantly, the between cultivar variance; its use in conjunction
with low temperature shows promise as a method for conserving potato germplasm in-vitro. 相似文献
15.
16.
利用盆栽沙培法,研究了铁观音、福鼎大白茶、黄旦等6个基因型茶树对氮素浓度的响应差异。试验表明：（1）在低氮胁迫下茶树株高、根干重、地上部重、叶片SPAD值等显著降低;茶树根重、根冠比与茶树总生物量之间呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。（2）不同基因型茶树对氮素吸收利用能力差异较大,其中福鼎大白茶、春闺属低氮高效基因型。（3）低氮胁迫下,茶树根冠比显著增加,铁观音根冠比的变异幅度最大,为20.97%;基因型对茶树根冠比具有决定作用,不同基因型茶树根冠比的差异很大,如铁观音仅为0.71,春闺为1.81。（4）在低氮条件下,根冠比与叶片SPAD值可作为筛选耐低氮茶树品种的参考指标。 相似文献
17.
Summary Different nitrogen sources (NO3
−, NH4
+, glutamic acid and their combinations) influenced the growth and morphogenic responses (node number, shoot length, and stem,
leaf and root dry weight) of three micropropagated potato cultivars (Spunta, Kennebec, Huinkul).
Addition of reduced nitrogen (NH4
+ or glutamic acid) in a nitrate medium increased shoot length and leaf number. The large increase in growth in plants fed
with NO3
−, NH4
+ could be explained by higher organic nitrogen content and enhanced dry matter partition to the shoot. This suggests that
reduced nitrogen source is required, at least as a supplement to NO3
−, to enhance N assimilation and growth. 相似文献
18.
施氮量对东北粳稻根系形态生理特征的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以东北粳稻牡丹江27和牡丹江31为试验材料,研究了不同氮肥水平对东北粳稻根系形态和生理特性的影响。结果表明,在同一生育时期,随着氮肥用量的增加,水稻根数、根长、根粗、根体积和根干质量等指标也有所提高,根系的总吸收面积均也有所增加。三种氮肥水平下地上部干质量均随生育进程急剧增加,两品种的根干质量在孕穗期和抽穗期达最大值,抽穗期后根冠比降低,而地上部干物质量增大,单株根系伤流强度都随着抽穗后时间的推移先升高后降低,两品种根系α 萘胺氧化力分别在抽穗期和乳熟期达最大值,且根系氧化力在各时期的变幅随施氮量的提高逐渐变小。水稻在孕穗期的根数、根长、根粗、根干质量和根冠比与产量之间的相关性达到显著水平,各生育期根系的总吸收面积和比表面积均与产量呈正相关,且在乳熟期时相关系数最大。 相似文献
19.
To reduce the time period for in vitro regeneration in annatto (Bixa orellana L.), a highly efficient two-stage plant regeneration protocol had been developed that can be used commercially. Different types of explants: nodal shoot tips, shoot tips and single nodes from in vitro grown seedlings were inoculated onto the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators. Highest number of shoot buds was obtained when nodal shoot tip explants were inoculated onto MS medium supplemented with 31.1 μM N6-benzyladenine (BA) and 14.7 μM phenylacetic acid (PAA). PAA in combination with BA exhibited a synergistic effect on shoot multiplication and elongation. Sub-culturing of the shoots onto the MS medium supplemented with BA (13.3 μM) and PAA (7.3 μM) produced elongated shoots. Elongated shoots when inoculated onto the MS medium supplemented with 4.9 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) produced optimal rooting. The rooted plantlets were hardened and their field survival rate after 6 weeks time was 73%. 相似文献
20.
Zain MM Kofli NT Rozaimah S Abdullah S 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2011,14(9):526-532
Bioethanol production using yeast has become a popular topic due to worrying depleting worldwide fuel reserve. The aim of the study was to investigate the capability of Malaysia yeast strains isolated from starter culture used in traditional fermented food and alcoholic beverages in producing Bioethanol using alginate beads entrapment method. The starter yeast consists of groups of microbes, thus the yeasts were grown in Sabouraud agar to obtain single colony called ST1 (tuak) and ST3 (tapai). The growth in Yeast Potatoes Dextrose (YPD) resulted in specific growth of ST1 at micro = 0.396 h-1 and ST3 at micro = 0.38 h-1, with maximum ethanol production of 7.36 g L-1 observed using ST1 strain. The two strains were then immobilized using calcium alginate entrapment method producing average alginate beads size of 0.51 cm and were grown in different substrates; YPD medium and Local Brown Sugar (LBS) for 8 h in flask. The maximum ethanol concentration measured after 7 h were at 6.63 and 6.59 g L-1 in YPD media and 1.54 and 1.39 g L-1in LBS media for ST1 and ST3, respectively. The use of LBS as carbon source showed higher yield of product (Yp/s), 0.59 g g-1 compared to YPD, 0.25 g g-1 in ST1 and (Yp/s), 0.54 g g-1 compared to YPD, 0.24 g g-1 in ST3 . This study indicated the possibility of using local strains (STI and ST3) to produce bioethanol via immobilization technique with local materials as substrate. 相似文献