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1.
从缫丝厂废水池分离获得4株对家蚕丝胶蛋白具有较强降解活性的细菌。通过菌落的形态特征和生理生化特征分析及16S rDNA序列测定与同源性分析,对4株细菌进行分类鉴定的结果是:S45、Y3菌株为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus),S68、X10菌株为短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)。温度对丝胶蛋白降解细菌的降解活性有影响,在培养温度为30℃时,S45、Y3、S68、X10菌株对家蚕丝胶蛋白的降解活性最高,其降解率分别为26.52%、20.27%、21.55%和28.86%。由于芽孢杆菌具有很强的耐热等抗逆能力,所以4株丝胶蛋白降解细菌有望应用于缫丝厂排放废水的处理。 相似文献
2.
《畜牧与兽医》2015,(8):34-38
以被霉菌毒素污染的饲料、健康家畜粪便、土壤等为样本,采用玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)毒素为唯一碳源进行ZEN毒素降解菌的驯化富集培养,并用高效液相色谱法对分离到的细菌进行ZEN毒素降解能力检测。结果显示:共筛选到14株具有能够降解ZEN的菌株,降解率在8.3%~87.1%之间,其中从石油污染土地筛选到的菌株SYA13在72 h对液体培养基中的ZEN毒素的降解能力达87.1%以上,明显高于其他菌株;对SYA13菌株从形态、生理生化特性以及16S rRNA序列进行分析,初步鉴定SYA13菌株为红球菌(Rhodococcus)。ZEN高效降解菌SYA13菌的分离鉴定,为继续研究其降解机制及实际应用奠定了基础。 相似文献
3.
《中国兽医学报》2016,(10):1727-1732
为确定来自广东韶关某猪场猪只发病的病原,从送检材料中分离纯化细菌,共分离到3株细菌,根据3株菌的形态特征、生化试验、16SrRNA基因序列结果确定3株细菌均为猪丹毒丝菌。药敏试验结果表明,3个菌株对22种常用抗生素表现出耐药。SpaA基因432bp高变区域的序列测定结果表明,3个菌株的序列一致,但区分于GC42株;将该序列在GenBank中进行Blast比对,获得39个高度同源的猪丹毒丝菌的SpaA基因序列;将所有43个序列采用MEGA5.05软件进行序列比对,发现5个氨基酸位点替换,根据这种多态性,可将所有菌株分为5个SpaA型,国内流行SpaAⅡ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型,其中SpaAⅡ最流行,占分析的国内菌株的75%。 相似文献
4.
利用稀释培养法从缫丝废水中分离到5株可降解家蚕蛹油的细菌,采用紫外分光光度法测定了其对家蚕蛹油的降解能力,H73、H23、H1、H5和H43菌株在72 h内对家蚕蛹油的降解率分别达到76.36%、62.04%、60.58%、53.85%和51.20%。通过形态特征、生理生化特性测定和16S rDNA序列系统发生分析对各菌株进行鉴定,其中H23、H1和H43为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.),H5为微杆菌属(Microbacterium sp.),H73为肠杆菌属(Enterobacter sp.)。 相似文献
5.
《畜牧兽医学报》2017,(4)
玉米赤霉烯酮(Zearalenone,ZEN)是危害动物健康的重要真菌毒素之一,笔者旨在筛选出能够有效降解ZEN的微生物,并对其降解特性以及降解产物的致毒活性进行检测,以期筛选出高效降解ZEN的菌株。以ZEN为唯一碳源进行初筛,以菌株发酵液对ZEN的降解率为复筛指标,对降解率最高的菌株进行16SrRNA基因测序分析;并对筛选出的菌株对ZEN的降解特性进行研究,对其降解产物在MCF-7细胞上进行活性检测。初筛获得40株能生长良好的细菌,复筛筛选出降解率最高H6菌株,经16SrRNA基因测序分析,该菌株为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)。在37℃、180r·min-1、72h时,该菌株发酵液对1μg·mL~(-1) ZEN的降解率为95.6%,其上清液和菌悬液的降解率分别为68.93%和28.70%,对20μg·mL~(-1) ZEN的降解率为85.8%;菌株上清液经蛋白酶K、蛋白酶K+SDS和热处理后,其降解活性明显降低;该菌株ZEN的降解产物在MCF-7细胞上的增殖率显著降低。结果表明,本研究筛选出能有效降解ZEN的菌株H6,经鉴定判断为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B.amyloliquefaciens),该菌株分泌的胞外酶能够降解ZEN,使其类雌激素毒性显著降低。 相似文献
6.
桑树根际固氮细菌的分离鉴定及固氮酶活力测定 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
利用固氮细菌可降低桑园化肥使用量和提高桑叶产量与品质。采用选择性培养基,从桑树根际分离获得24个具有固氮能力的细菌分离株,以rep-PCR基因指纹分析聚类为18个聚类群。经固氮酶活性测定,PA19、PA2和PK1菌株具有较强的固氮酶活性。利用菌落形态特征观察及16S rDNA碱基序列测定和同源性分析,对3株细菌进行鉴定的结果是:PA19菌株为中慢生根瘤菌属(Mesorhizobium sp.),PA2菌株为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.),PK1菌株为土壤杆菌属(Agrobacterium sp.)。 相似文献
7.
旨在筛选能够同时降解呕吐毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮和黄曲霉毒素的芽孢杆菌。先以呕吐毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮和黄曲霉毒素的混合物为唯一碳源,以母猪粪便为材料,进行霉菌毒素降解菌的驯化富集培养,得到能够降解这3 种霉菌毒素的混合菌群,逐一对分离到的细菌进行呕吐毒素降解能力检测,得到10 株对呕吐毒素降解率达70% 以上的菌株。进而检测这10 株细菌对玉米赤霉烯酮的降解能力,得到4 株对玉米赤霉烯酮降解率达70%以上的菌株。再检测这4 株细菌对黄曲霉毒素B1的降解能力,结果有1 株细菌(ODS-1)对黄曲霉毒素B1的降解能力达78.9%。革兰氏染色结果表明ODS-1 为革兰氏阴性芽孢杆菌。研究获得的ODS-1 对呕吐毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮和黄曲霉毒素均有较好降解效果,为进一步开发具有霉菌毒素降解作用的产酶益生素奠定了基础。 相似文献
8.
9.
肉牛粪污中纤维素降解菌的分离筛选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
肉牛粪污中纤维素降解菌的分离筛选 《畜牧与饲料科学》2019,40(11):79-83
为了获得有效降解肉牛粪污中纤维素的细菌,采用以羧甲基纤维素钠为碳源的方法对牛粪及其自然堆肥样品进行纤维素降解菌的分离,对已分离菌株进行形态学和分子生物学鉴定,再结合纤维素刚果红水解圈测定和滤纸条降解试验做进一步研究。结果表明,以羧甲基纤维素钠为碳源,初步分离得到牛粪样品及堆肥中32株纤维素降解菌,进一步筛选得到有刚果红水解圈菌株4株,分别为XQ-1、XQ-2、XQ-3、XQ-4,其对滤纸条具有一定的降解能力,经16S rDNA鉴定,4株菌株分别为大肠埃希菌（Escherichia coli）、黏质沙雷菌（Serratia marcescens）、雷氏普罗威登斯菌（Providencia rettgeri）和费格森埃希菌（Escherichia fergusonii）。 相似文献
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11.
利用选择性培养基,从桑树根际土样中分离获得29个具有解钾能力的细菌分离株,经rep-PCR DNA指纹分析得到24株硅酸盐细菌。通过解钾能力测定,筛选出FK2、FK3、FK8、FK11、FK4′、FK23和PK187个具有较强解钾能力的菌株,其中FK2菌株的解钾能力最强,有效态钾增长41.79%。对这7株具有较强解钾能力的细菌进行菌落形态特征观察及16S rDNA序列测定和同源性分析:FK2菌株为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.),FK3和FK23菌株为中华根瘤菌属(Sinorhizobium sp.),FK11和FK8菌株为根瘤菌属(Rhizobiumsp.),FK4′菌株为中慢生根瘤菌属(Mesorhizobium sp.),PK18菌株为屈挠杆菌属(Flexibacter sp.)。 相似文献
12.
B Huang S Subramaniam K L Chua J Kwang H Loh J Frey H M Tan 《Veterinary microbiology》1999,67(3):213-219
Riemerella anatipestifer is a gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium associated with epizootic infections in poultry. A total of 35 R. anatipestifer isolates including the type strain ATCC11845T, reference and field strains for 18 different serotypes were characterized by repetitive sequence based-PCR (rep-PCR) with outwardly-directed primers based on the repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) consensus sequence. This technique was applied by using either extracted genomic DNA or preparation of whole bacterial cells harvested directly from plate cultures. Rep-PCR discriminated the R. anatipestifer isolates into 19 electrophoretic types. DNA fingerprints obtained from rep-PCR of extracted genomic DNA or from preparations of whole cells yielded comparable patterns. Substantial variation was seen among the rep-PCR fingerprints of different serotypes. Moreover, different polymorphisms of the rep-PCR fingerprints were evident among epidemiologically unrelated isolates of the same serotype. These results suggest the presence of repetitive extragenic palindromic-like elements within the genome of R. anatipestifer that can be used in some isolates to discriminate between different strains belonging to the same serotype. Rep-PCR may serve as a useful molecular tool for subtyping R. anatipestifer isolates for epidemiologic investigations. The whole cell procedure offers the advantage of ease of performance requiring only small quantities of cells. 相似文献
13.
Pinchbeck LR Cole LK Hillier A Kowalski JJ Rajala-Schultz PJ Bannerman TL York S 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(8):1337-1346
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether staphylococcal isolates cultured from pustules and carriage sites in dogs with superficial bacterial folliculitis were genotypically the same strain by use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). ANIMALS: 40 dogs with superficial bacterial folliculitis. PROCEDURES: Samples were obtained from 3 pustules and 3 carriage sites (anus, axillary skin, and nasal mucosa). Bacterial culture, morphologic identification, Gram staining, catalase and coagulase tests, speciation, and PFGE were performed. RESULTS: Of 246 isolates, 203 were Staphylococcus intermedius, 5 were Staphylococcus aureus, 15 were Staphylococcusspp, and 22 were coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates. No dog had an isolate with the same PFGE pattern as an isolate from another dog. Coagulase-positive isolates from multiple pustules and multiple carriage sites had the same PFGE pattern in 37 of 39 (94.9%) and 22 of 39 (56.4%) dogs, respectively. Coagulase-positive staphylococcal isolates from at least 1 pustule had the same PFGE pattern as an isolate from at least 1 carriage site in 34 of 36 (94.4%) dogs. Ninety-seven of 116 (83.6%) coagulase-positive staphylococcal isolates from pustules had the same PFGE pattern as an isolate from at least 1 carriage site. Sixty-nine of 91 (75.8%) coagulase-positive staphylococcal isolates from carriage sites had the same PFGE pattern as an isolate from at least 1 pustule. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Coagulasepositive staphylococcal strains were heterogeneous among dogs with superficial bacterial folliculitis. In individual dogs, strains from multiple pustules were genotypically the same, and strains from pustules were genotypically the same as strains from carriage sites. 相似文献
14.
利用氨基酸自动分析仪对从桑蚕丝条吐精炼液中回收的丝胶蛋白的氨基酸组成进行分析,采用聚丙烯凝胶电泳法对其相对分子质量进行测定,利用紫外分光光度计对其溶解性进行探究。结果表明:丝胶蛋白含有18种氨基酸,其中极性氨基酸占80.39%,丝氨酸占27.52%,天门冬氨酸占15.91%,苏氨酸7.41%;丝胶蛋白的相对分子质量集中分布于17~75 KD;丝胶蛋白溶解性优于大豆分离蛋白。 相似文献
15.
Al-Ghamdi GM Kapur V Ames TR Timoney JF Love DN Mellencamp MA 《American journal of veterinary research》2000,61(6):699-705
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) could be used to differentiate Streptococcus equi isolates, to examine S equi isolates from throughout the world, and to determine whether a horse had > 1 subtype of S equi during an outbreak of disease. SAMPLE POPULATION: An initial group of 32 S equi isolates, 63 S equi isolates from various geographic areas, and 17 S equi isolates obtained during outbreaks of disease. PROCEDURE: An aliquot of S equi genomic DNA was amplified, using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus primers. Gel electrophoresis was performed on 1.5% agarose gels, and a computed-assisted program was used to compare rep-PCR results. RESULTS: Use of these primers to analyze 100 ng of S equi genomic DNA resulted in patterns of 6 to 14 bands. The 32 initial isolates were separated into 7 rep-PCR subtypes. There were 30 rep-PCR subtypes found among 29 S equi isolates obtained from Minnesota, Michigan, Canada, and Australia and 34 S equi isolates obtained from Kentucky and other sources. Furthermore, the same clone was identified in several horses during an outbreak of disease. Infected horses on the same farm all had a single clone of S equi. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Analysis of these results suggests that rep-PCR is useful for delineating S equi into rep-PCR subtypes. Results revealed that isolates with the same geographic source or similar date of collection did not always have the same rep-PCR subtype. A single clone of S equi usually predominated during an outbreak of disease. 相似文献
16.
Antúnez K Piccini C Castro-Sowinski S Rosado AS Seldin L Zunino P 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,124(1-2):178-183
Paenibacillus larvae is the causative agent of American Foulbrood (AFB), a severe disease of honeybees (Apis melifera). The aim of this work was to develop a strategy for the subtyping and the epidemiological analysis of P. larvae. Phenotypic characterisation, susceptibility to several antibiotics, electrophoresis of whole bacterial proteins, rep-PCR, ribotyping and DGGE were assessed using a collection of P. larvae isolates from different Uruguayan and Argentinean locations. Results indicated that there are two P. larvae genotypes circulating in Uruguay ERIC I-BOX A (worldwide distributed) and ERIC I-BOX C (exclusively detected in Argentina until this study). These results suggest that P. larvae isolates had moved between Argentina and Uruguay, probably through the Uruguay River. Patterns of whole bacterial proteins, DGGE and ribotyping did not improve the P. larvae intraspecific discrimination. Antibiotic susceptibility assays showed that 100% isolates were OTC-sensitive and 22% (belonging to ERIC I-BOX A group) were sulfisoxazole-resistant. This work may contribute to the elucidation of basic aspects related to the epidemiology of AFB in Uruguay and in the region. 相似文献
17.
Pasteurella haemolytica (biotype A, serotype 1) isolates (n = 15) from the upper respiratory tract of clinically normal cattle, as well as from lung lesions from cases of fatal bovine pasteurellosis, were examined for the presence of bacteriophage after irradiation with UV light. Treatment of all P haemolytica isolates with UV irradiation resulted in lysis of bacteria due to the induction of vegetative development of bacteriophages. The extent of growth inhibition and bacterial lysis in irradiated cultures was UV dose-dependent. Bacterial cultures exposed to UV light for 20 s reached peak culture density between 60 and 70 minutes after irradiation; thereafter, culture density declined rapidly, so that by 120 minutes, it was approximately 60% of the original value. When examined ultrastructurally, lytic cultures from each isolate revealed bacteriophages with an overall length of approximately 200 nm and that appeared to have a head with icosahedral symmetry and a contractile tail. Cell-free filtrate from each noninduced bacterial isolate was inoculated onto the other bacterial isolates in a cross-culture sensitivity assay for the presence of phages lytic for the host bacterial isolates. Zones of lysis (plaques) did not develop when bacterial lawns grown from the different isolates were inoculated with filtrates from the heterologous isolates. 相似文献
18.
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen. Since 1989, a rapid increase in the incidence of enterococcal bacteremia and endocarditis by VRE has been reported. The use of avoparcin in animal husbandry is reportedly associated with the appearance of VRE. In this study, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was established to detect and differentiate resistant types of enterococci, which specifically amplify the four van genes that encode vancomycin resistance elements. Using this method, we investigated the incidence rates and types of VRE from two types of farms: those that had used avoparcin and those that had not used avoparcin. A total of 1091 animal fecal samples were collected from 70 pig farms and 32 poultry farms. A total of 425 enterococci were isolated from the fecal samples. Among the 425 isolates, six showed a pattern of high-level vancomycin resistance (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration, MIC: 64-256 microg/ml). Out of six high-level VRE, three were isolated from poultry farms that had used avoparcin and three were not. The six high-level VRE harbored the vanA gene. Sixty-seven of 425 isolates that showed a pattern of low-level vancomycin resistance (MIC: 4-8 microg/ml) were associated with the presence of vanC-1 or vanC-2/3 gene. We also performed a repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (rep-PCR) method to compare the genetic relatedness between the high-level VRE of six animal isolates and 31 human isolates. None of the animal isolates had a similar rep-PCR pattern as the human isolates but similarities between human VRE isolates were observed. 相似文献