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1.
南斯拉夫共有杨柳树林地15万公顷,仅占森林面积的1.5%,但其木材产量却占全国木材总产量的8%。杨木产量由1950年的10立方米,提高到1985年的120万立方米,增加了11倍,成为当今国际杨树委员会的重要成员国之一。该国杨树发展速度之所以快,与其有一支稳定的科研队伍密切相关。本文较详细地介绍了南斯拉夫杨树育种的成就和经验,并结合我国的实际情况,提出了作者的看法和建议。 相似文献
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[目的]为探讨额河杨和银灰杨天然杂种的起源机制,[方法]应用18对SSR标记,从分子水平上对新疆额尔齐斯河流域杨属植物的种间关系进行分析研究。[结果]表明:(1)SSR系统发育树将整个流域天然杨属植物分为两大类群,即黑杨派和青杨派为一类,白杨派为一类;(2)白杨派派内系统聚类图显示,银白杨、欧洲山杨、银灰杨三个树种均有较大的遗传分化,特别是杂种银灰杨似乎更大;(3)黑杨派和青杨派的UPGMA分类图显示,青杨派和黑杨派分属于2个分支,其中,青杨派内部分化相对简单,分为2支,均为典型的苦杨;黑杨派内部的分化较为复杂,可分为4类,包括典型的欧洲黑杨、额河杨和回交子代。[结论]杂种额河杨具有更多的欧洲黑杨的遗传成分,因此,将额河杨放到黑杨派是正确的。 相似文献
3.
法国杨树良种选育与短轮伐期林培育及其研究方向 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
杨树在法国林业中占有重要地位。法国的杨树良种选育及短轮伐期林培育研究都处于世界先进水平。本文概述了法国杨树无性系登记、杂交育种、种源试验和用于短轮伐期林培育的优良无性系、营林抚育技术及经济效益, 并介绍了法国杨树良种选育与短轮伐期林培育的发展进程及研究方向。 相似文献
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A. G. Spiers 《Forest Pathology》1983,13(4):218-227
Laboratory studies investigating the host range and pathogenicity of Marssonina castagnei (Desm. + Mont.)Magn. to poplars established that this species was not specifically pathogenic to P. alba but also to cultivars of the Sections Aigeiros, Tacamahaca, and inter sectional hybrids Aigciros × Tacamahaca, Leuce × Aigeiros and Lcucc × Tacamahaca. The potential threat of this pathogen could be reduced by routine screening of new selections for resistance. 相似文献
5.
中国杨树杂交育种研究进展* 总被引：40，自引：0，他引：40
对我国 5 0余年杨属派内和派间杂交育种研究进行了综述。在众多的杨树杂交组合中 ,派内种间杂交以白杨派、黑杨派成就显著 ,派间杂交以青杨派与黑杨派杂交成果最为突出。从杂交方式看 ,有单交、双交、三交、回交等 ,以杂种作亲本进行再杂交能够获得显著杂种优势 ;从育种目标看 ,有速生、抗寒、抗旱、抗病虫、窄冠、生根等 ;从育种方法看 ,以常规人工杂交为主 ,将常规人工杂交与物理辐射、化学诱导等技术有机结合 ,能够创造出生产潜力较大的三倍体新品种。选育的杨树良种已在生产中产生了巨大的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益。最后 ,对目前我国杨树杂交育种中存在的主要问题以及应对策略进行了讨论。 相似文献
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Progress and strategies in cross breeding of poplars in China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Li Shan-wen Zhang Zhi-yi Luo Jun-min He Cheng-zhong Pu Ying-shan An Xin-min 《中国林学(英文版)》2005,7(3):54-60
The advance in intrasection and intersection cross breeding of poplars in China over the past 50 years is reviewed. Great progress has been made in Sections Leuce and Aigeiros, and satisfactory results of intersection hybridization have been achieved in the crossing between Sections Tacamahaca and Aigeiros. The modes of hybridization include single cross, double cross, triple cross, backcross, etc. It is known that using hybrids as parents to cross with other species or hybrids is an effective and easy way to obtain heterosis. Fast growth, cold and drought tolerance, pest and disease resistance, narrow crowns and rootage, etc. are breeding goals. The conventional artificial crossing is still a major breeding method, and a combination of the conventional artificial crossing with physical radiation and chemical induction can create new triploid individuals that possess higher yield potential. The super clones cultivated have already displayed enormous socioeconomic and ecological benefits in practice. Finally, the problems that investigators have to face at present are discussed as well as some strategies in poplar cross breeding in China. 相似文献
7.
[目的]杨生褐盘二孢的单芽管专化型和多芽管专化型分别引起白杨组和黑杨组(包括青杨组)杨树的褐斑病,其分化机制有待阐明。[方法]本文在专化性互作体系建立的基础上,利用荧光染色标记研究了病菌孢子在专化性寄主侵染过程中的萌发发育情况,并通过RT-qPCR分析了黑杨寄主抗病相关基因在应答两专化型侵染过程中的不同表达。[结果]结果发现多芽管分生孢子在黑杨寄主上能完成发育并成功侵染,单芽管分生孢子也能成功萌发和发育,但不能侵入黑杨寄主;黑杨抗性基因在两专化型侵染发育过程中均能被诱导表达,但在表达时间和表达量上,除基因WRKY89的表达较为一致外,病程相关基因PR5、PR10、NPR1和LAR3在二者间的表达存在差异。[结论]研究结果初步表明病原专化型可能是寄主与病原专性互作的表型,这一认识将有助于进一步探明杨树褐斑病病原专化型形成和分化的机制。 相似文献
8.
QINGuanq-hua JIANGYue-zhong QIAOYu-ling B.Nottola 《林业研究》2003,14(3):225-229
Poplar is one of the dominant tree species for the establishment of fast growing plantations in Shandong Province.Eighteen poplar clones belonging to Populus aigeiros section were introduced from Italy, Turkey and domestic regions. Populus deltoides cv. ‘Lux‘ 1-69/55 (1-69), which was widely used in Shandong Province, China, was taken as control clone (1-69).Following a randomized complete block design, seedling test and controlled afforestation trials were carried out at Juxian County,Caoxian County and Laiyang City. The results showed that the poplar clone (Populus x euramericana cv. ‘102/74‘), namely 102/74, performed well both in terms of adaptability and growth rate. The mean height of 13.9 m (H), diameter at breast height of 18.0 cm (DBH) and volume growth of 0.1445 m3 (V) were 2.2 %, 21.6% and 52.9% higher than those of 1-69 (CK), respectively,at the age of 5 years at three experimental sites. Moreover, the clone can be propagated easily and showed high resistance to poplar disease, pest as well as salinity and had longer growing period. Furthermore, wood basic density and fiber length of new poplar clone (102/74) were as same as 1-69 (CK). It was concluded that the selected clone (102/74) was ideal for the estab-lishment of fast-growing poplar plantations, especially for the pulpwood plantations in Shandong Province. 相似文献
9.
In a 4‐year‐old collection of native Italian Populus alba, growing in the eastern Po valley, many trunks showed severe symptoms characterized by brown spots, similar to trunk scab and/or by cankers. Canker‐like growths, often with gall‐like‐formations in the earlier developmental phases were also found on some clones of P. trichocarpa and their hybrids, as well as on P. deltoides growing in several Northern Italian nurseries. Bacteria and fungi present in the affected tissues and potentially involved in the disease were examined. No fungi were detected, however, several species of bacteria were isolated and identified: Pseudomonas mendocina and Erwinia herbicola group, from the brown spots; Erwinia carotovora sub sp. carotovora and, occasionally, E. herbicola group, from cankers. Only E. carotovora sub sp. carotovora produced clear symptoms of canker when artificially inoculated on young plants of different poplar species. This is the first time this symptomology on poplar species has been clearly related to E. carotovora sub sp. carotovora. 相似文献
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We examined the usefulness of elevated CO2 in the greenhouse to aid in early selection of genotypes and in the propagation of Populus tremuloides Michaux (aspen) and hybrid poplars for agroforestry, afforestation, or reclamation. Growth in elevated (800 ppm) vs ambient (375 ppm) CO2 for 95 days resulted in greater height (14%), stem caliper (16%), overall biomass, and proportional allocation of biomass
to roots as well as elevated net assimilation and water-use-efficiency. Aspen clones selected for superior growth (based on
phenotypic selection) broke bud significantly earlier than unselected clones under both CO2 levels; superior clones were also taller with greater stem caliper under both CO2 treatments (but not significant). Under ambient CO2 male aspen were taller than females while under elevated CO2 female aspen were taller than males and also had greater caliper (but not significant). Hybrid poplar grown under elevated
(vs ambient) CO2 broke bud significantly earlier and had significantly greater net assimilation and water-use efficiency; they were also taller
with greater caliper (but not significant). Differences in performance among the eight hybrid clones were enhanced by growth
under elevated CO2. Under ambient CO2, P38P38 was the clone that broke bud earliest, was tallest with greater caliper and had a lower shoot:root biomass ratio.
Sargentii, on the other hand, was the shortest with the smallest caliper. The implications of these results need to be considered
in the context of using aspen and hybrid poplar for large-scale agroforestry, afforestation and reclamation across Canada.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
Determination and evaluation of quantitative virus resistance in poplars inoculated with poplar mosaic virus (PopMV). Statistical analysis of data on symptom severity and virus concentration in PopMV-infected leaves were used to determine differences in virus resistance among poplar clones. These differences were confirmed in ultrastructural studies. 相似文献
15.
中国和外来杨属种质资源 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
介绍了中国天然分布和从国外引进的杨属(PopulusL.)种质资源。总结了中国天然分布的杨属种质资源的派别、种类、分布范围和分布特点。在中国杨属5派中,以青杨派(Tacamahaca)种类最多,白杨派(Populus,以前称Leuce)分布最为广泛,黑杨派(Aigeiros)最具经济价值。将中国杨属树种引种历史划分为解放前的零星引种时期、50年代至80年代的以引进国外培育成功的优良品种为主时期和90年代后注重种质资源引进时期三个阶段,介绍了每个阶段的引种特点和引进的种质资源。在过去50年种,中国天然分布的白杨派和引进的黑杨派(Aigeiros)种质资源在中国的杨树栽培和育种中发挥了巨大作用。 相似文献
16.
QinGuanghua JiangYuezhong B.Nottola 《中国林学(英文版)》2003,5(3):21-27
18 clones of Populus deltoides and P. x euramericana were introduced from Italy, Turkey and domestic in 1986 and 1987 with the agreement of FAO. A completely random block design was applied and the seedling test and controlled afforestation trials had been held at Jinan City, Gaotang County and Juxian County, Shandong Province respectively. The results showed that two clones, namely S307-26 (P. deltoides cv.‘S307-26‘) and PE-19-66 (P. deltoides cv.‘PE-19-66’) performed well both in terms of adaptability and growth characteristics. The mean growth volumes (V) of single tree of S307-26 and PE-19-66 were 0.181 2 m3 and 0.164 9 m^3, which were 42.0 % and 29.2 % larger than that of I-69 (P. deltoides cv.‘Lux‘ 1-69/55 ) (CK), respectively, at the age of 5years at three experimental sites. Results of variance analyses and T test (LSD) for variables showed that above mentioned two clones were significantly different with 1-69 (CK). Further analyses found that both clones could be propagated easily and showed high resistance to poplar diseases, pests, drought, cold as well as strong wind, and had long growing period. Furthermore, mechanical properties were also better and fiber length was longer than that of 1-69 (CK). It was concluded that both S307-26 and PE-19-66 were ideal varieties for the establishment of fast growing poplar plantations, especially of the wood pulp forest plantations in the region. 相似文献
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M. E. Ostry 《Forest Pathology》1987,17(3):158-165
Spore dispersal and symptom development of Septoria musiva and Marssonina brunnea were studied in hybrid poplar plantings in the north central United States. Ascospores or conidia were present within the plantings throughout the growing season. Results of Septoria canker control in nurseries are discussed in relation to the biology of the fungus and use of resistant clones. 相似文献
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The effects of poplar varietal mixture on infection levels caused by Melampsora larici-populina and on plant growth were studied during two consecutive growing seasons. The varietal mixture consisted of an intimate mixture of three poplar clones, Populus x interamericana‘Boelare’, ‘Rap’ and Populus candicans‘NNT’, expressing different race-specific resistances. Infection levels of M. larici-populina were assessed in monoclonal and polyclonal plots. Plant heights were determined at the end of each growing season. Infection levels in the growing season of the first year were not significantly different between monoclonal and polyclonal plots at the end of the epidemic. During the second growing season, a naturally occurring complex pathotype, able to infect clones ‘Boelare’ and ‘Rap’, invaded some plots prematurely and changed the composition of pathogen population. During this season, four infection assessments were conducted. Infection reduction in polyclonal plots compared with monoclonal plots was observed on ‘Boelare’ and P. candicans plants. Nevertheless, no significant difference was observed for growth between monoclonal and polyclonal plots. Biological factors which may be involved in the reduction of infection levels in polyclonal plots are dilution of susceptible individuals, physical barriers caused by resistant plants and cross-protection. A high auto-infection ratio may have partly hidden the positive effects of the clonal mixture. 相似文献