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1.
Genetic variation of wild and cultured populations of the Kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus (Bate 1888) using microsatellites 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The microsatellite DNA technique was used to detect the genetic variations between wild and cultured populations of Kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus Bate 1888. All the six microsatellite loci screened in this study showed high polymorphism for their PIC (0.6701–0.8989), which was much more than the standard value of 0.5. A total of 73 alleles were observed over six loci from 93 shrimps. The mean number of allele locus ranged from 9.83 (cultured) to 11.83 (wild). The number of effective alleles varied from 6.86 (cultured) to 8.58 (wild). The average of observed heterozygosity (Ho) of populations varied from 0.6935 (cultured) to 0.7370 (wild), and that of expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.8169 (wild) and 0.8209 (cultured). Tests of Hardy–Weinberg showed that these loci deviated significantly or highly significantly in one or both populations. Compared with the wild population, the cultured population showed little reduction in genetic variation. The total number of alleles (71, 59) was not significantly (P=0.296) different between wild and cultured populations. The paired‐samples t test of observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity implied that there was no significant difference (P=0.572 and 0.891 respectively) between wild and cultured populations. However, some rare allele loss might have occurred in the cultured population. A total of 14 unique alleles were found in the wild population, but only two unique alleles were observed in the cultured population. Therefore, there is a need to monitor genetic variability of cultured population, and to improve the hatchery program for the conservation of wild Kuruma prawn resources. 相似文献
2.
基于26个微卫星标记的三江水系草鱼遗传多样性分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
选取26个微卫星标记对来自长江(监利、邗江)、黑龙江、珠江3个水系的4个野生草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)群体的遗传多样性进行了检测。结果表明,26个微卫星位点均为高度多态位点,草鱼4个地理群体的多态信息含量(PIC)平均值为0.581 3~0.638 6;共检测出141个等位基因,其中有102个为共有等位基因;每个位点有等位基因2~11个,平均等位基因5.46,平均有效等位基因3.455 6。4个地理群体野生草鱼的平均杂合度在0.711 4~0.804 5之间。群体间遗传固定指数(FST)及AMOVA分析表明,群体间遗传分化并不显著(FST=0.031 73)。基于DA遗传距离构建的UPGMA聚类树表明,监利群体与邗江群体这两个长江水系野生地理群体聚为一支,然后与珠江群体聚为一支,黑龙江群体单独聚为一支。长江群体是原始群体。综上所述,三江水系野生草鱼具有较高的遗传多样性,4个群体之间遗传分化并不明显。 相似文献
3.
基于微卫星评估草鱼放流亲本对野生群体遗传多样性的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
利用筛选的13对草鱼多态性微卫星标记,开展了2011至2015年长江中游草鱼亲本增殖放流对野生群体遗传多样性的影响评估。通过对各位点的遗传多样性分析,13个微卫星位点的多态信息含量为0.8622(0.657~0.950),基因多样度为0.8555(0.675~0.936)。15个群体的有效等位基因数为7.4503~10.1536,等位基因丰度为11.483~15.204,说明15个草鱼群体的遗传多样性水平总体较高。遗传分化指数分析表明,群体间不存在显著遗传分化(FST5%)。通过贝叶斯聚类分析和主成分分析可将草鱼群体分为4个组群,根据分组结果以及来源划分分别对草鱼群体进行AMOVA分析,发现遗传变异大部分来自于群体内个体间,组间及组内群体间的分化水平较低(FCT5%,FSC5%),与FST分析结果一致。研究表明,当前草鱼亲本增殖放流模式对野生群体遗传结构影响不明显。 相似文献
4.
Ana M Ibarra Norma Karina Hernández-Ibarra Pedro Cruz Ricardo Pérez-Enríquez Susana Ávila & José L Ramírez 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(14):1356-1368
Presumed hybrids between Haliotis rufescens and H. fulgens abalones, produced in a commercial abalone laboratory, were evaluated for progeny viability, gonad characteristics and for their ‘true’ status as hybrids by means of allozyme and microsatellite analyses. Four out of 10 evaluated allozyme loci proved to be useful for the genetic certification of hybrids, Gpi, Mdh‐1, Mdh‐2 and Sod, as they had exclusive alleles for each of the abalone reference species from which the presumed hybrids were produced. Three microsatellite loci were also evaluated for their usefulness in abalone hybrid certification. Two were not useful for hybrid certification as the reference abalone species shared some of the same alleles. The third loci (Hka 56) also had shared alleles between the two species, but at very different frequencies. Therefore, this permitted a presumptive certification of hybrids, which, however, was not error‐proof as two allozyme certified hybrids were wrongly classified as H. rufescens rather than as hybrids. Progeny viability of the only female certified to be a hybrid was significantly lower compared with one viability of the other females spawned, which were certified as H. rufescens. However, the number of eggs spawned by the only certified hybrid female was as large as those spawned by females certified as H. rufescens. Gonads of abalones sampled for the macroscopic appearance of sterility indicated that in the absence of any gonad development, no distinctive difference allows for hybrid identification, as there were undifferentiated individuals that were both hybrid and non‐hybrid. On the other hand, two certified hybrid males were characterized by spermatocytes being the most abundant gamete type, although one had some spermatozoa present, indicating only partial sterility. Among the two female hybrids found, vitellogenesis was observed to proceed up to vitellogenic oocytes. 相似文献
5.
Microsatellites have become the preferred molecular markers for strain selection and genetic breeding in fish. In this study
a total of 105 microsatellites were isolated and identified in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) by microsatellite sequence searches in GenBank and other databases and by screening and sequencing of positive clones from
the genomic library enriched for AG and GATA repeats. Moreover, nineteen microsatellites were randomly selected to design
locus-specific primer pairs, and these were successfully used to identify and discriminate different cultured strains of gibel
carp including strains A, D, L, and F. Three different types of microsatellite pattern were distinguished by the number and
length of fragments amplified from the 19 primer pairs, and some microsatellite primer pairs were found to produce different
microsatellite patterns among strains and strain-specific fragments. In addition, some duplicated alleles were also detected
in two microsatellite patterns. Therefore, the current study provides direct molecular markers to discriminate among different
cultured strains for selective breeding and aquaculture practice of gibel carp. 相似文献
6.
7.
采用17对鲢微卫星引物,以野生鲢、养殖鲢、雄鲤作对照对人工雌核发育鲢近交F2及其亲本进行了微卫星分析。结果表明:人工雌核发育鲢近交F2、养殖鲢和野生鲢群体的平均等位基因数范围为2.1～4.0;平均观测杂合度范围为0.2762～0.9588;期望杂合度范围为0.2774～0.7360;遗传多样性指数范围为0.4500～1.2258,人工雌核鲢近交F2为0.4500,显著低于养殖鲢(1.0273)和野生鲢(1.2258),揭示人工雌核发育鲢近交F2遗传多样性水平较低,纯合度较高。从遗传距离来看,人工雌核发育鲢近交F2与对照群体之间的遗传距离都要大于野生鲢与养殖鲢群体之间遗传距离,表明人工雌核发育鲢近交F2发生了一定程度的遗传分化。 相似文献
8.
The level of genetic diversity in a cultured Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) population from Tasmania, Australia was examined at 11 microsatellite loci and compared with that in its progenitor population from the River Philip in Nova Scotia, Canada. The reference progenitor population consisted of archived scales collected from wild River Philip salmon in 1971 and 1972, not long after salmon from this river were imported into Australia in the mid‐1960s. The Tasmanian hatchery stock had a significant reduction in the mean number of alleles (31–43%) and mean allelic richness (28–39%) across all microsatellite loci compared with the wild Canadian population. Mean heterozygosity levels remained unchanged. Estimates of per‐generation effective population sizes for the Tasmanian population, based on allele frequency temporal variance with the wild progenitor population, ranged from 102–207 individuals and reflected hatchery records. 相似文献
9.
Fei Cheng Qingjiang Wu Ming Liu K. V. Radhakrishnan Brian R. Murphy Songguang Xie 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(5):765-771
Rock carp Procypris rabaudi is a vulnerable endemic fish in the upper Yangtze River. Hatchery release has been carried out as a major stock enhancement
strategy for this species. Ten microsatellite loci were chosen to compare genetic variation between one wild population and
two hatchery groups to evaluate the potential impacts of hatchery release on the genetic structure of the wild population.
Two different models indicated strong evidence of recent bottlenecks in all groups. The hatchery groups were lower in the
mean number of alleles per locus, allelic richness, and allelic diversity compared with the wild population. The 80% membership
coefficient indicated that 14% of the wild fish could be assigned as hybrids of wild and hatchery fish. Our results suggested
that hatchery release will further reduce the natural genetic diversity in the wild population, change the genetic structure
of the rock carp population, and may not benefit restoration of this vulnerable fish species. 相似文献
10.
11.
Yuqing Ma Chenghui Wang Jun Wang Xinxin Yang Xiang Bi Lihua Xu 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(4):591-597
The escape or release of cultured and domesticated organisms into the wild poses a threat to the genetic integrity of natural
populations. Based on data from 17 microsatellite loci, the genetic differentiation between wild and hatchery Oujiang color
common carp Cyprinus carpio var. color was investigated, and its potential application for identifying the escapees of hatchery strains was assessed using Bayesian
genetic assignment. No significant differences were observed between pooled hatchery and pooled wild populations in terms
of allelic richness (A
R), observed heterozygosity (H
O), and inbreeding coefficient (F
IS). Analysis of molecular variance and pairwise F
ST comparisons suggested significant genetic differentiation between hatchery strains and between hatchery and wild populations,
which was further confirmed by principal components analysis and Bayesian clustering analysis. Bayesian genetic alignment
showed high self-assignment accuracy (ranging from 86.0 to 96.0%) in the original populations, demonstrating the ability of
this technique to identify hatchery Oujiang color common carp escapees in the wild population. 相似文献
12.
This study was carried out to evaluate the dietary available phosphorus (AP) requirement for crucian carp (Carassius auratus). Triplicate groups were fed diets containing five graded levels of AP in 15 recirculating tanks. After a 9‐week feeding experiment, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE) and whole‐body and vertebrae P contents were significantly increased as dietary AP increased from 1.1 to 7.6 g/kg (p < .05) and then levelled off. N and P retention was also significantly increased as dietary AP increased to 5.5 g/kg (p < .05). Condition factor, viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, whole‐body moisture, muscle P content and plasma total cholesterol were not affected by dietary P levels (p > .05). Protein and ash contents of the whole body increased linearly as the dietary P level increased, but the lipid content, plasma alkaline phosphatase activities and triacylglycerol contents showed an inverse relationship. Based on WG, FE, whole‐body P content and vertebrae P content, the optimum requirement of dietary AP for crucian carp was estimated to be 8.3, 8.3, 8.0 and 7.8 g/Kg, respectively. 相似文献
13.
选用来源于鲤基因组中的鳞被相关基因(ant、eda、edar、fgfr)及其上下游序列中的155个微卫星标记,对德国镜鲤(Cyprinus carpio L.)与黑龙江野鲤(Cyprinus carpio haematopterus)杂交的F2 116尾个体的遗传多样性进行检测,以卡方检验估计群体Hardy-Weinberg平衡.结果表明,36个微卫星标记表现为多态,各标记的等位基因数在2～4个浮动,共检测到86个等位基因,平均每个标记2.388 9个;平均有效等位基因数为2.209 4;平均观测杂合度为0.624 5;平均期望杂合度为0.529 2;平均多态信息含量为0.432 1,其中23个微卫星标记表现为中度多态(0.25≤PIC＜0.5),13个微卫星标记表现为高度多态(PIC≥0.5),说明这个群体属于中度多态性水平.Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验结果显示,61％标记显著偏离平衡,人工选择压力和自交对家系造成了严重的影响.SPSS 17.0分析发现分别有10(28％)、7(19％)、7(19％)和11个(31％)标记与体质量、体长、体高和体厚存在显著相关性,并发现11个优势基因型.源于鳞被相关基因的微卫星标记与生长性状连锁的比例较高,以上结果从分子水平上提示鳞被基因与所研究4种生长性状存在一定的相关性. 相似文献
14.
Investigation into the mode of inheritance of allozyme and random amplified polymorphic DNA markers in tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Feral Australian Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) (Pisces: Cichlidae) and an interspecific hybrid population (most probably originally derived from crosses of O. mossambicus and O. niloticus stocks) were used as model organisms to study the inheritance patterns of 24 allozyme loci and 31 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) loci in tilapia. Single‐paired matings of parents of known genotype were used to generate families, and 10–15 full‐sib offspring from each mating were used to test for mode of inheritance. The majority of allozyme and RAPD loci tested segregated in a Mendelian fashion. Allozyme markers in general showed co‐dominant inheritance patterns, while RAPD markers conformed to expectations for band presence/absence under a dominant allele model. Although only a small number of families and offspring were used, the results highlight the suitability of allozymes and RAPDs as genetic markers for population analysis in tilapia. 相似文献
15.
利用10个微卫星标记,对2代群体选育的建鲤(Cyprinus carpio var.Jian)和封闭水体的广西野生鲤鱼进行遗传多样性分析,共检测到53个等位基因,等位基因位点数在4~7个之间,平均等位基因数5.3个,片段长度在118~284 bp之间,有效等位基因在1.167 5~1.520 3,平均为1.360 2,广西野生鲤群体的有效等位基因数1.562,大于建鲤的1.388;位点观测杂合度在0.397~0.762之间,平均为0.562 6,期望杂合度0.301~0.629之间,平均0.463 3,广西野生鲤群体的期望杂合度0.581,大于建鲤的0.473;微卫星位点多态性信息含量(PIC)在0.289 7~0.685 0之间,平均多态信息含量0.438 8,为中度多态性,广西野生鲤群体多态信息含量0.685,大于建鲤的0.424,两个群体平均基因分化系数为0.106 9,广西本地野生鲤与建鲤的遗传距离为0.1463,相似性系数为0.828 4,表明广西野生鲤与建鲤之间存在明显的遗传异质性。 相似文献
16.
Gene–centromere mapping using half‐tetrad analysis is a powerful tool for understanding chromosomal behaviour and determining the position of centromeres in relation to genes or markers in fish. In this study, eight gynogenetic diploid families induced by inhibiting of the second meiotic division were genotyped at 66 microsatellite loci for microsatellite–centromere (M‐C) mapping in bighead carp ( Aristichthys nobilis). The absence of paternal alleles verified the success of gynogenetic development in all gynogenetic families. All loci were consistent with Mendelian segregation in control families. The estimated recombination frequency (y) ranged from 0.057 to 0.875 with an average of 0.477 ± 0.222. Seventeen loci (25.76%) showed high M‐C recombination frequencies of over 0.667. M‐C distances ranged from 2.85 to 43.75 cM under the assumption of complete interference. Thus, these loci are distributed from the centromeres to the telomeres of their respective chromosomes, while mainly in the intermediate region. Information on centromere mapping could serve as a starting point to consolidate the genetic linkage groups in bighead carp. 相似文献
17.
Ahmed S Alsaqufi Boris Gomelsky Kyle J Schneider Kirk W Pomper 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(3):410-416
The Japanese ornamental (koi) carp is a popular decorative fish all over the world. In koi, clones have not yet been obtained, although production of fish with identical colour patterns could be of commercial interest. Mitotic gynogenetic progenies are essential for subsequent production of clones in fish. However, resulting late‐shocked progenies may be contaminated with meiotic gynogens from spontaneous suppression of the second meiotic division in eggs. In this study, microsatellite DNA markers were used to confirm mitotic gynogenetic origin of obtained late‐shocked progenies. Recombination rate (y) and mapping distance relative to centromere (M‐C) of 10 microsatellite loci were determined based on percentage of heterozygotes in meiotic gynogenetic progenies. The range of y varied from 0.01 to 0.96 and the M‐C map ranged from 0.5 to 48 cM. The mean value of y over the 10 loci was 0.481. Six loci, which had y 0.47 and higher, were used as markers in two late‐shocked gynogenetic progenies. Complete homozygosity was revealed at all six microsatellite loci indicating mitotic gynogenetic origin of analysed progenies. 相似文献
18.
Development of a Multiplex Microsatellite PCR Assay Based on Microsatellite Markers for the Mud Carp,Cirrhinus molitorella 
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下载免费PDF全文 Yakun Wang Jian Zhao Wei Li Xincheng Zhang Xiaoyou Hong Xinping Zhu 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2016,47(2):277-286
In this study, we developed a multiplex microsatellite polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that consisted of 13 pairs of primers selected from previously developed microsatellite markers in mud carp data obtained in our laboratory. We adjusted the number of cycles, the time of extension, and the primer ratios to make the multiplex PCR system as valuable as possible. Using this system, we performed a genetic analysis and parentage assignment for 2 male and 5 female mud carps and 146 of their progeny. The results showed a range of alleles of 2 < K < 5, with an average of 3.54. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.271 to 0.697, with an average of 0.4954. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.183 to 0.810, with an average of 0.6008. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.324 to 0.741, with an average of 0.5572. The null allele frequency was 1.29–27.68%. The computer‐simulated identification was 99%, while the combined exclusion power using all loci was 100% for actual offspring. Thus, this multiplex PCR assay is a new technological tool for selective breeding and a genetic resource for studying the mud carp, Cirrhinus molitorella. 相似文献
19.
Resistance of genetically different common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., families against experimental bacterial challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The objective of this study was to determine the differences in disease resistance against artificial infection with Aeromonas hydrophila between genetically different common carp families. Four strains differing in their origin and breeding history were selected from the live gene bank of common carp maintained at the Research Institute for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Irrigation (HAKI, Szarvas, Hungary) to establish families with wide genetic background: Szarvas 15 (15), an inbred mirror line; Tata (T) scaly noble carp; Duna (D), a Hungarian wild carp and Amur (A), an East Asian wild carp. A diallele mating structure was used to allow the assessment of genetic variation within and between the tested 96 families for a variety of traits. The existing technologies of fertilization and incubation of carp eggs, as well as larval and fingerling rearing had been modified because of the large number of baseline populations. Two challenge trials of the 96 families of carp with Aeromonas hydrophila were done. The 10 most resistant and 10 most susceptible families to A. hydrophila were identified from these two challenges. The crosses that produced the most resistant families were mainly those having parents from Tata and Szarvas 15 domesticated strains, while the most susceptible families were from the wild strains Duna and Amur. 相似文献