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1.
S Fanasca A Martino E Heuvelink C Stanghellini 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):488-494
SummaryThe combined effects of electrical conductivity (an EC of 2.5 dS m–1 or 8 dS m–1 in the root zone) and fruit pruning (three or six fruit per truss) on tomato fruit quality were studied in a greenhouse experiment, planted in January 2005. Taste-related attributes [dry matter content (DM), total soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), glucose, fructose and citric acid content] and health-promoting attributes (lycopene, βcarotene, vitamin C, and total anti-oxidant activity) of tomato fruits harvested on the vine from the fifth or tenth truss positions were determined. The quality of tomato fruits was improved by high EC. A high EC in the root zone increased the DM content, total SSC, TA, as well as glucose, fructose and citric acid contents. A significantly higher lycopene and βcarotene content was also observed [on a fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) basis] with a high EC in the root zone. The accumulation of different compounds that determine tomato fruit quality differed between the fifth and tenth truss. In particular, the lycopene content was reduced, whereas the βcarotene content was increased in the tenth truss with respect to the fifth truss, most likely because of higher temperatures during ripening of the tenth truss. Fruit pruning increased fruit FW by 42% and positively influenced the DM content and total anti-oxidant activity, while a negative effect was observed on lycopene and citric acid contents (on a FW and DW basis). EC and fruit pruning both had a strong effect on fruit size; however, EC had a much stronger impact on taste and health-related fruit quality attributes. A small interaction between EC and fruit pruning was found for marketable yield, fructose and glucose content, fruit firmness, and P and Ca concentrations in fruits. 相似文献
2.
杧果生长期喷施水杨酸处理对果实采后品质和病害的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在杧果（Mangifera indica L. 'Zihua'）生长期分别用1和0.1 mmol·L-1水杨酸（清水为对照）进行3次喷施处理,果实采收后于13℃,85%~95% RH的环境下进行贮藏,并定期取样进行观察测定。结果表明,0.1mmol·L-1水杨酸处理能延缓杧果果实衰老,显著抑制果实病斑扩展,有效降低果实的接种发病率;而1mmol·L-1水杨酸的作用却相反。 相似文献
3.
Tomato fruits were stored in a low (hypobaric) pressure system (LPS), ventilated with different oxygen and ethylene concentrations. The effect of these factors on different ripening-parameters (respiration, chlorophyll degradation, lycopene synthesis, fruit firmness and pectic enzyme activities) was investigated. Ethylene had a definite effect on most but not all of these parameters, even at the low oxygen pressure used in this system. The reduction in oxygen as well as in ethylene partial pressures was responsible for the observed retardation of tomato fruit ripening at hypobaric conditions. 相似文献
4.
Tomato (cv. Durinta) plants were grown hydroponically under two electrical conductivities (EC, 2.3 and 4.5 dS m−1) of nutrient solution inside a greenhouse. The high EC treatment was initiated either immediately after anthesis (high EC treatment) or 4 weeks after anthesis (delayed high EC treatment). Fruits were harvested weekly beginning 2 weeks after anthesis, until all fruits reached the red stage (8 weeks after anthesis). Lycopene, chlorophyll, sugar and total soluble solid (TSS) concentrations of fruits were measured every week for all harvested tomatoes from the different ripeness stages. The results showed that lycopene concentration, fructose and glucose concentrations and TSS of red ripe tomato fruits were enhanced by both high EC and delayed high EC treatments compared to those in the low EC treatment. The lycopene concentration of red ripe tomato fruits in the high EC and the delayed high EC treatments showed an increase of 30–40% (1.29–1.39 mg g−1 dry matter) compared to those in the low EC treatment (0.99 mg g−1); however, there was no significant difference in the lycopene concentration between the high EC and delayed high EC treatments. TSS of red ripe tomato fruits grown in the high EC treatment was 6.1%, significantly greater than those grown in the delayed high EC treatment (5.7%). Weekly change in lycopene concentration indicated that lycopene synthesis was enhanced by the high EC treatment, regardless of the application timing. Regardless of EC treatment, chlorophyll concentration in fruit declined linearly during fruit development and ripening and reached non-detectable levels 7 weeks after anthesis. Our results indicated that: (1) accumulation of sugars and TSS in fruit was due to reduced water flux to the fruit under high EC as previously reported, and (2) lycopene synthesis was promoted by, but chlorophyll degradation was independent from, the osmotic and/or salt stress caused by the high EC. 相似文献
5.
一氧化氮对番茄果实采后成熟和Le-ETR4基因表达的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以破色期的‘卡罗’番茄果实为试材,研究了NO供体硝普钠（SNP）50 μmol · L-1处理30 min对番茄果实采后成熟的作用,并采用Northern杂交技术检测NO对番茄乙烯受体基因Le-ETR4表达的影响。结果表明,50 μmol · L-1 SNP处理降低了番茄果实的乙烯释放速率,抑制了ACC氧化酶（ACC oxidase,ACO）、纤维素酶（Cellulase）和多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（Polygalacturonase,PG）的活性,延缓了果实的色泽变化和软化,同时显著抑制了番茄乙烯受体基因Le-ETR4的表达。以上结果说明NO主要通过抑制番茄乙烯的生物合成和乙烯受体基因表达来控制成熟相关酶的活性,NO可以在生理水平和乙烯受体水平调控番茄果实的成熟。 相似文献
6.
为探索番茄果实成熟与乙烯的关系,测定了转反义NR和ACC基因突变体番茄果实不同发育期乙烯释放量的变化,结果显示:(1)NR2、NR17和NR18号转反义NR基因果实各期的乙烯含量变化规律与普通果实相同。(2)转反义 NR基因番茄果实与转反义ACC基因番茄果实不同,前者果实能正常成熟、但成熟延迟,后者不能正常成熟。(3)在转反义NR基因果实发育各期中,粉红期乙烯释放量最高。(4)转反义NR基因果实成熟各期乙烯的释放量均明显低于普通果实。说明乙烯受体蛋白基因——NR基因的表达在被抑制后,也反过来抑制了番茄果实乙烯的释放。(5)转反义NR基因果实在常温下贮藏,贮藏期延长了43d。 相似文献
7.
草莓和番茄果实乙烯自我催化与Ca2+-CaM 的关系 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
外源乙烯处理乳白期草莓和绿熟期番茄果实12 h后，诱导草莓乙烯大量合成，使番茄乙烯释放高峰提前2 d出现，同时还促进两种果实的钙调素(Calmodulin，CaM)含量增加。细胞质膜钙离子通道阻塞剂异搏定(Verapamil，Vp)、钙调素拮抗剂氯丙嗪(Chloropromaize，CPZ)和三氟拉嗪(Trifluoperazine，TFP)均抑制了外源乙烯诱导的草莓乙烯合成，表明Ca2+-CaM 信使系统可能参与草莓乙烯自我催化作用；Vp抑制外源乙烯诱导的番茄乙烯合成，而CPZ和TFP的作用不显著，说明番茄果实乙烯自我催化作用与胞外Ca2+ 内流有关，与CaM的关系不明显。 相似文献
8.
I.E. Cota R. Troncoso-Rojas R. Sotelo-Mundo A. Sánchez-Estrada M.E. Tiznado-Hernández 《Scientia Horticulturae》2007
Chitinase (ChA) and β-1,3-glucanase (GA) activity had been related with plant defense mechanism against pathogen attack in vegetative tissues. Scarce information is available about the behavior of these enzymes in response to different stages of development and fungi infection in fruits. The changes in ChA and GA activities in response to Alternaria alternata infection were evaluated in mature green (MG) and red ripe (RR) developmental stages of Sunpride, Geronimo and Charleston varieties of tomato fruit. Tomato fruits were inoculated with a conidial suspension of A. alternata and stored for 10 days at 25 °C and 90–92 H.R.%. The degree of fruit infection was measured by a hedonic scale every 2 days. ChA activity was determined fluorometrically by quantifying the release of 4-methylumbelliferyll (4-MU) from 4-methylumbelliferyll β-d-N,N′N″-triacetylchitotrioside, and GA activity was measured quantifying the release of glucose from β-1,3-glucan (laminarin) by HPLC. Tomato fruit in RR stage was more susceptible to fungi infection than MG stages. Geronimo was the most resistant variety, whereas Sunpride was the most susceptible for both stages of development (MG and RR). Higher levels of ChA and GA activities were observed for mature green stage in Charleston variety at the end of the storage period. An induction in ChA and GA in response to infection by A. alternata was observed in all varieties. Particularly high levels of ChA were found for inoculated Geronimo in RR stage and inoculated Charleston in MG stage which correlated with low levels of fungi infection. Higher levels of GA induction in response to fungi infection were recorded for Sunpride variety in RR stage, whereas no substantial induction was observed for Geronimo and Charleston varieties at the same stage of development. This GA induction correlated negatively with the resistance showed by the different varieties to fungi infection. We concluded that chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase induction are part of the tomato fruit defense mechanism against A. alternata infection with a different behavior depending upon stage of development and variety. 相似文献
9.
乙烯利催熟对番茄果实营养品质影响的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对我国番茄生产中乙烯利的广泛应用及人们对催熟番茄的疑惑心理,从决定番茄果实营养品质的指标因子番茄红素、VC、有机酸、总糖含量、可溶性固形物等方面进行全面综述;并阐述了乙烯利催熟对番茄果实营养品质的影响,旨在指导人们对乙烯利催熟番茄的营养品质有一个全面、正确的认识,为科学合理地使用乙烯利提供参考。 相似文献
10.
Surface characteristics of fruit mainly determine the diffusibility of gases across its boundary and also the extent to which moisture being lost from the fruit. The present study has been carried out with an objective to find out the association between the ripening related processes and surface morphology of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit. Tomato fruits of two contrasting varieties; Pusa Gaurav (a slow ripening type) and Pusa Ruby (a relatively fast ripening type) were evaluated for physiological loss in weight (PLW), rate of respiration, effect of hypoxia on ripening, dimension of stem scar region and distribution of lenticels along with hair base cell of trichomes on the surface of the fruits. Results showed that fruits of Pusa Gaurav showed significantly lower PLW, rate of respiration, surface area of stem scar region, density of lenticels along with hair base cell of trichomes and slower ripening under hypoxia condition in comparison to Pusa Ruby. More resistance towards gaseous exchange and therefore lower O2 to CO2 ratio inside the fruits of Pusa Gaurav in contrast to Pusa Ruby in view of the differences in the surface morphological features in these two varieties could possibly be assigned as one of the reasons responsible for the obtained varietal difference in ripening and related changes. 相似文献
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12.
转反义PHYA基因对番茄红素合成的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过根癌农杆菌（Agrobacterium tumefaciens）介导法,以番茄叶片作外植体,将番茄（Solanum Lycopersicum L.）反义光敏色素A（PHYA）基因片段导入番茄。通过PCR扩增、Sourthern blot检测,证明反义光敏色素A的基因片段已整合到番茄基因组.在转基因番茄材料中,PHYA基因表达受到抑制,番茄红素的合成显著减少,果实没有表现出正常的红色果皮;转基因果实成熟过程中乙烯能够正常合成,与对照番茄之间没有显著差异.推测在调控番茄红素合成的模式中,光敏色素可能位于乙烯的下游位点起作用,二者共同调控番茄红素的合成。 相似文献
13.
1–甲基环丙烯对番茄冷害的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨1–甲基环丙烯（1-MCP）处理对番茄果实低温贮藏期间冷害和抗病性的影响,以绿熟期的‘浙杂205’番茄为试材,用1 μL · L-1的1-MCP在20 ℃下处理番茄果实6 h,然后将其置于3 ℃冷藏14 d后转入20 ℃后熟16 d。结果发现,1-MCP处理加重了冷藏番茄后熟期间的冷害,但是延缓了硬度和可滴定酸度的下降,推迟了番茄红素的增加和乙烯峰的出现,诱导了多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性,同时降低了几丁质酶和β–1,3–葡聚糖酶的活性。虽然1 μL · L-1的1-MCP处理延缓了冷藏番茄果实的后熟,却加重了番茄后熟期间冷害和病害的发生,不适合在番茄冷藏中应用。 相似文献
14.
水杨酸对新红星苹果果实后熟的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
以7 年生‘新红星’苹果为试材, 研究了水杨酸(SA) 在果实发育中的作用。 结果表明, 在果实生长发育期间SA 出现一个含量高峰, 随着果实的成熟, SA 含量呈现下降趋势。于8 月中下旬用SA 进行喷施处理, 各浓度都抑制了果实采后PG、PME 活性, 其中以SA 0.002 mmol·L-1处理作用最强; 在圆片培养中, SA 0. 002 mmol·L-1 处理同样抑制了PG、PME 活性; 不同浓度SA 喷施处理可明显降低果实呼吸速率, 延缓后熟。 相似文献
15.
Gustavo R. Rodríguez Javier H. Pereira da Costa Damian D. Tomat Guillermo R. Pratta Roxana Zorzoli Liliana A. Picardi 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011
The tomato fruit quality results of biochemical and physiological changes that occur during the ripening process. Although, the pericarp total protein profiles are less polymorphic than DNA-based markers the polymorphism in those could be directly associated with fruit quality traits. The aim of this work was to identify associations between polymorphic polypeptides from fruit pericarp at two ripening stages and fruit quality traits evaluated in two segregating populations of tomato. A cross between a normal ripening cultivar of Solanum lycopersicum (C, Caimanta) and a genotype carrying the nor (non ripening) gene (N) as well as a cross between Caimanta and a cherry type tomato of S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme (Ce) showed genetic variance for several fruit quality traits such as fruit weight, shape, solids soluble content, acidity, color and fruit shelf life. The quantitative variations observed at phenotypic level had correspondence with the polymorphism detected in the protein profiles. Indeed, the polymophic polypeptides associated with quality fruit traits and fruit shelf life would be useful to assist tomato breeding programs as protein molecular markers. 相似文献
16.
通过对番茄成熟突变体和野生型果实香气物质、乙烯释放量、氢过氧化物裂解酶(HPL)、脂氧合酶(LOX)活性及基因表达的测定,明确LOX与乙烯在番茄果实香气物质合成中的作用。以番茄成熟突变体rin、nor、cnr、nr(均为乙烯合成缺陷突变体)、hp-1(高色素突变体,乙烯生成正常)和野生型Ailsa Craig(AC)为试材,分别在果实破色期(0 d)、破色3 d(3 d)和破色7 d(7 d)取果实,测定香气物质、乙烯释放量、LeHPL基因表达、LOX活性和TomloxC基因表达。结果表明,随着果实的成熟,4种乙烯合成突变体果实中的香气物质种类和含量与野生型AC相比均减少,但突变体hp-1果实中香气物质与AC无显著差异;rin、nor、cnr突变体中不产生乙烯,nr中产生少量乙烯,hp-1和AC果实中能正常生成乙烯;除AC果实外,突变体rin、nor、cnr果实中LOX酶活性和TomloxC基因表达水平均较低,而在hp-1和nr破色7 d果实中酶活性和基因表达量均最高;Le HPL表达量在AC和hp-1果实中随果实成熟显著增加,在nor破色7 d显著高于破色期(0 d)和破色3 d的,而在cnr、rin和nr破色7 d均显著下降。在乙烯合成缺陷突变体果实中香气物质种类和含量较野生型减少,且不能合成乙烯或合成少量乙烯,同时LOX酶活性降低,TomloxC及LeHPL表达下降,表明番茄果实香气物质合成的LOX途径是依赖乙烯的过程。 相似文献
17.
J. G. M. Cutting B. N. Wolstenholme 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):569-575
The influence of cold storage, increasing fruit maturity and water loss on the ripening physiology of ‘Fuerte’ avocado was investigated. Fruit cold stored for 28 d at 5.5°C always subsequently ripened faster than non-stored fruits of a similar maturity. Non-stored fruit showed an expected decrease in ripening time with increasing maturity. In cold stored fruit the relationship between ripening time and maturity was less clear. Cold stored fruit lost less water during ripening than non-stored fruit of similar maturity, but lost water faster than non-stored fruit. Increasing maturity reduced the total amount of water lost during ripening. Cold storage increased the incidence of mesocarp discoloration which became more severe with increasing fruit maturity. Passive water infusion into fruit had no effect on the rate of fruit ripening (and water is obviously not involved as a ‘ripening trigger’) but totally inhibited the manifestation of postharvest browning disorders. 相似文献
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19.
Haithem E. Mohamed 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):568-573
SummaryThe effect of ethrel in aqueous solution and ethylene released from ethrel was evaluated on fruit ripening of ‘Kitchner’, ‘Dr Knight’ and ‘Abu-Samaka’ mango. Ripening was enhanced in all treated fruits of the three cultivars at all concentrations used. The ripening rate progressively increased with increase in concentration. Ethylene released from ethrel was more effective in triggering fruit ripening than dipping fruits in aqueous solution of ethrel. Depending on concentration and cultivar, ripening was 1–3.d faster in fruits dipped in 500 and 1000 ppm ethrel and 1–5.d earlier in fruits treated with 250, 500 and 1000 ppm ethylene released from ethrel, compared with untreated fruits. The effect on fruit ripening was indicated by enhanced climacteric peak, increased skin colour, increased total soluble solids and decreased flesh firmness. 相似文献
20.
番茄乙烯受体基因反义表达对果实成熟的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以乙烯受体基因LeETR1和LeETR2的转反义基因株系ale1和ale2为材料, 对果实成熟特性进行了研究。转基因番茄果实与对照相比, 呼吸速率下降, 但乙烯释放速率增加1～4倍, 呼吸高峰和乙烯跃变高峰出现的时间没有改变, 表明果实成熟起始时间没有改变。ale1果实成熟后期着色速度减慢, 红熟果色泽a值、番茄红素和类胡萝卜素含量都显著低于对照; 但果实多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性上升和硬度下降速度都显著高于对照。这说明LeETR1基因与果实成熟品质特征的形成可能存在比较复杂的关系。 相似文献