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1.
基于果实相关性状的桃品种初级核心种质取样策略研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以国家种质资源圃(北京)编目的558份桃品种的18个形态学和农艺学性状为基本数据,研究了桃品种初级核心种质构建的取样策略,包括总体取样比例的确定及取样方案的选择,以获得最佳的初级核心种质。本试验共设10%～90%9个总体取样比例;取样方案研究包括分组原则和组内取样比例的确定。结果表明,桃初级核心种质的适宜总体取样比例为10%;按品种类群分组结合多样性比例取样为构建桃初级核心种质的最佳取样方案;利用此取样策略从558份桃品种中提取56份作为核心样本,对其代表性进行检测表明所构建的初级核心种质能够很好地代表桃原始种质的遗传多样性。 相似文献
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中国地方胡萝卜品种资源的核心样品构建 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
以340份我国地方胡萝卜品种为材料, 通过对4个数量性状和9个质量性状的评价进行聚类分组, 设定适宜的阈值, 以靠近阈值最近的材料作为候选样品, 分别按10%、15%和20%比例初步构建了胡萝卜3个核心种质。对3个核心样品13个性状基本参数与总体资源比较的结果表明, 3个核心样品的β - 胡萝卜素、干物质及维生素C的含量平均值均与总体资源存在显著差异, 但核心样品的4个数量性状与总体资源符合度(表型保留比例) 比较好。核心样品9个质量性状表现型频率与总体无显著差异, 符合度均达到了100%。随着取样比例的减少, 核心样品的地域分布迅速减少, 10%核心样品的分布省市数比总体资源减少了8个, 资源主要来源省市所占比例由原来的50%降到了35%。因此, 建议以15%～20%作为构建小规模胡萝卜资源核心样品的适宜比例。 相似文献
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黄瓜种质核心样本构建方法初探 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
对来自不同国家或地区的90份代表性黄瓜种质进行了RAPD分析, 并利用其数据对构建黄瓜核心样本的方法进行了探讨。在聚类分析的基础上, 分别按初选核心样本的10%、15%、20%、25%、35%和45%抽取核心样本, 通过对它们的多态位点数、丢失位点数和遗传多样性指数的比较, 认为25%左右是构建黄瓜种质核心样本较为理想的比例; 另外经过对组内随机取样法、最大离差度法和最大遗传距离法3种不同抽样方法的比较, 认为最大遗传距离法较为适合用RAPD数据构建黄瓜核心样本。进一步的验证表明, 按上述方法构建的核心样本能比较好地代表初选核心样本, 同时也不能忽视保留样本的作用。 相似文献
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采用10对EST-SSR引物和9个果实品质性状指标对收集的220份野生刺梨(Rosa roxburghii Tratt)资源的遗传多样性进行分析,结果表明:10对EST-SSR引物共扩增出多态性条带27条,多态百分率为76.67%;9个品质性状中平均单果质量、可滴定酸、固酸比、维生素C和类黄酮含量的变异系数达到20%以上;说明该220份贵州野生刺梨种质资源遗传变异丰富,遗传多样性分布范围较广,适于进行核心种质的构建研究。进一步将9个品质性状指标进行6级分类,并处理为9个品质标记共产生54条多态带,与EST-SSR标记一起,采用Nei’s遗传距离进行UPGMA聚类,同时采用位点优先取样策略进行核心种质构建,以表型保留比例、均值差异百分率、方差差异百分率、极差符合率、变异系数变化率、多态性位点百分率、Nei’s基因多样性指数、Shannon’s信息指数等对核心种质进行评价,并利用主坐标分析法对核心种质进行确认。结果表明:构建的32份核心种质在分子水平,表型水平及地区分布上都能够代表原种质的遗传多样性。 相似文献
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基于表型性状的甜瓜核心种质构建 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
【目的】以国家西瓜甜瓜种质资源中期库中的1 200份甜瓜种质为材料,根据19个表型性状的遗传变异,构建甜瓜核心种质。【方法】原始种质按照地理来源分为22组,各组种质根据表型数据分别进行聚类,按照不同比例(10%、15%、20%、25%和30%)取样,构建候选核心种质。通过比较候选样本的遗传多样性指数、表型保留比例、表型频率方差、变异系数等4个检验指标,最终确定甜瓜核心种质,并对其代表性进行评价。【结果】通过比较不同的取样比例,初步获得5个候选样本,其中采用15%的取样比例构建的核心种质包含189份甜瓜种质,其4个检验指标均达到最佳水平,确定为最终的核心种质。此核心种质各性状的特征值和表型频率分布与原始种质基本一致。【结论】研究所构建的甜瓜核心种质具有较好的代表性和遗传多样性,可作为原始种质代表性样本。 相似文献
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基于形态数据的大白菜核心种质构建方法的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以国家蔬菜种质资源中期库收集保存的1 651份大白菜种质为试材,按照大白菜分类系统和生态型,采用分层分组法,将所有种质分为6组。基于43个形态性状的数据,比较了4种组内取样比例法、6种总体取样规模和2种取样方法在构建大白菜核心种质中的作用和效果。结果表明：组内以多样性比例法更能使各组的取样份数或比例趋于平衡,并较好地保持原始收集品的变异度。当总体取样规模为15%时,多样性比例法所构建的核心种质的遗传多样性指数达到最大,表型保留比例亦能达到98％左右;而当总体取样规模增加到20%以上时,虽然表型保留比例接近100％,但核心种质遗传多样性指数迅速降低。因此,认为15%总体取样规模较为合适。在一定的组内取样比例法和总体取样规模下,聚类取样构建的核心种质的遗传多样性指数（I）、表型保留比例（RPR）和变异系数（CV）均比随机取样的高。根据获得的优化方案最终在表型水平建立了包含248份种质的中国大白菜核心种质。 相似文献
7.
为了探讨基于DNA分子标记构建平菇栽培品种核心样本的方法,基于48个平菇栽培菌株的11个SSR位点,根据遗传距离进行UPGMA聚类,采用位点优先取样策略,结合表型性状,在不同SSR等位基因保留比例（100%、95%、90%、85%、80%）水平上构建核心样本,进而确定取样量。采用稀有等位基因保留比例以及对Nei’s基因多样度和Shannon’s信息指数进行t检验,评价核心样本的代表性,并且根据表型保留比例以及极差、均值和标准差的符合率对核心样本的代表性作进一步确认。结果表明：采用位点优先取样策略,在等位基因保留比例为95%的水平上构建的核心样本能够以最小的样本量最大限度地代表原种质的遗传多样性。 相似文献
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普通杏品种SSR遗传多样性分析 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
利用来自杏、桃和扁桃的25对SSR多态性引物对66个普通杏品种进行了PCR扩增及变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,共检测出284个等位位点,每对引物的等位位点数在3～17之间,平均为11.36。通过NTSYS软件计算得到的Dice相似性系数为0.083～0.987,平均值为0.370,表明中国普通杏种质资源的遗传多样性丰富。UPGMA法聚类将66份材料分为5个组。SSR标记反映出的品种间亲缘关系与根据地理生态类型对杏种质的分类结果基本一致。来自四川和贵州的多数品种独立聚成一组,表现出与其它品种较远的亲缘关系,该地区可能存在特异性较高的种质资源。证实了扁桃基因组SSR引物可用在杏SSR标记的研究中。 相似文献
10.
以95份野生香菇(Lentinula edodes)种质和1份栽培种质为材料,在利用相关序列扩增多态性(sequence-related amplified polymorphism,SRAP)标记开展遗传多样性分析的基础上,采用属性约简启发式算法和逐步聚类位点优先取样法分别构建核心种质。两种方法分别得到35份(Core 1)和29份(Core 2)种质,其核心种质保留比分别为36.5%和30.2%,位点保留比分别为100%和94.7%。基于有效等位基因数,Nei’s基因多样性指数,香农信息指数等四个参数对两组核心种质进行t测验,结果显示两组核心样本均能很好的代表原始种质的遗传多样性,但Core1具有更高的位点保留比例且地理来源更加广泛,确定为代表96个原始菌株的核心种质库。 相似文献
11.
Andrzej Pedryc Szabolcs Ruthner Rita Hermán Boris Krska Attila Hegedűs Júlia Halász 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009
Eight polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers located in the G1 linkage group of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) were previously developed and evaluated in a small set of cultivars. Those primers were used for studying variability in 77 apricot cultivars belonging to five different geographical groups, such as Chinese, Asian (Irano-Caucasian and Central Asian), North American, Mediterranean and Western European as well as Middle European cultivars. Six of the markers were polymorphic and revealed a total of 71 alleles ranging from 5 (aprigms11) to 20 (aprigms1) alleles per locus with a mean value of 11.83 alleles per locus. In conclusion, the SSR loci located in the G1 linkage group show a level of polymorphism which is similar to loci dispersed throughout the entire genome. The total number of alleles and the number of unique alleles were the highest in Chinese apricots and the lowest in Middle European cultivars. Heterozygosity also showed a decrease from Asia and China to Middle Europe. No association could have been observed between any SSR markers tested and plum pox virus (PPV) resistant phenotype of cultivars. PPV resistant cultivars did not form a separate clade on the dendrogram obtained by UPGMA cluster analysis. Middle European and Chinese cultivars formed separate clusters while other genotypes formed smaller multiple sub-groups or scattered among different clusters. Our results support previous hypotheses on the origin of PPV resistance in North American apricots. The allele data was also presented in a form that allowed the easy observation of allele frequencies in each geographical group at each locus. Using this data field, differences and similarities between cultivar groups can be easily assessed. The analysis demonstrated the links between the North American and Mediterranean apricot germplasm and confirmed that the Chinese and Eastern European cultivars are distantly related. 相似文献
12.
基于50年来收集的3 026份加工番茄不同类型种质资源,分别利用20个表型性状和均匀覆盖12条染色体的46个SNP标记,采用5种不同方法（Mstrat、Random、REMC、SBS和SFS）构建了10种初始核心种质。通过对其代表性评价与分析,最终确定了加工番茄最佳核心种质。Mstrat是构建加工番茄亚群核心种质的最佳方法,采用10%抽样比例所构建的302份最佳核心种质GCC1对原始种质的遗传结构和多样性均具有较好的代表性。通过对原始种质群体结构和主成分分析,加工番茄种质资源可分为2个较大的群体,遗传背景分别是基于代表性材料普通栽培番茄E6203和M82,所构建的GCC1核心种质均匀分布在原始种质资源群体。 相似文献
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AIM: To explore the effect of traditional Chinese medicine Qiliqiangxin on cardiomyocyte apoptosis after myocardial infarction (MI) in a rat model. METHODS: MI was induced in rats by ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery. The survivors were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham operation group, MI group and Qiliqiangxin treatment group (4 g穔g-1穌-1). After 28 days, the infarction size was measured. Apoptotic index (AI) was determined by TUNEL. The expression of Fas was detected by the method of immunohistochemistry in non-infarcted zones (NIZ), and the expression of xanthine oxidase (XO) and caspase-3 in myocardial tissue from NIZ was detected by Western blotting. In addition, XO activity, and O2 -? and OH? scavenging activity of myocardial tissues in the NIZ were measured by colorimetry. RESULTS: Compared with MI group, AI and the expression of Fas and caspase-3 in the NIZ were significantly depressed in Qiliqiangxin treatment group. Moreover, the activity of XO was significantly decreased while O2 -? and OH穝cavenging activity was significantly increased in Qiliqiangxin treatment group. Ventricular remodeling was attenuated. No significant difference in infarct size and XO expression level between Qiliqiangxin treatment group and MI group was observed. CONCLUSION: Qiliqiangxin may inhibit apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in the NIZ of rats by reducing reactive oxygen species and depressing the expression of Fas and caspase-3. 相似文献
15.
Thirty-two Chinese peach landraces/cultivars, a major subset of the core Chinese peach collection, were fingerprinted using seven pairs of SSR primers to assess their genetic diversity and relatedness. The seven primer pairs detected eight loci and revealed an allele richness of 3.125 (average alleles per locus), an expected heterozygosity (He) of 0.450, and a Shannon index of 0.728 among the landraces/cultivars. This level of genetic diversity is lower compared to other fruit trees and Prunus congenus species (cherry and apricot), but it is comparable to previous reports in peaches. A greater level of genetic diversity was observed in landraces than in cultivars, indicating that peach landraces are valuable for germplasm collection. All cultivars and landraces, except two, were unambiguously identified based on multi-locus genotypes. Eight unique alleles were detected among this group of Chinese peaches. UPGMA clustering analysis separated the 32 cultivars/landraces into two distinct groups, which is generally in accordance with the known pedigree information. The results provide accurate genetic information for defined acquisition policy in the repositories, improving the integrity and efficiency of germplasm management and giving evidences for protection of breeder's intellectual rights. 相似文献
16.
Eighty-one accessions representing apricot germplasm in Tunisia were collected from different areas of cultivation and fingerprinted using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and microsatellites (SSR) markers. A total of 339 polymorphic markers were revealed using 5 AFLP primers combinations and 24 SSR loci. AFLP and SSR markers expressed a high level of polymorphism allowing the distinction of the accessions with an efficiency coefficient of discrimination of 100% for AFLP and 97% for SSR markers. Genetic diversity structure was assessed with AFLPs and SSRs markers separately then with combined matrix data by the help of hierarchical clustering elaborated using Wards method based on Nei and Li (1979) distances. Comparison of the obtained dendrograms revealed a phylogeographic structure into two major groups with significant conservation between the observed subgroups in relation with the geographic origin of the accessions. The relative efficiency of the markers in determining the genetic relationships among apricot accessions has been assessed and a combination of AFLPs and SSRs markers was the most effective. In addition, Mantel test based on genetic distances indicated highly significant correlation between AFLP-SSR data and each of the AFLP and SSR ones, with Pearson correlation values of r = 0.873 and r = 0.692, respectively, revealing the higher efficiency of the combination of both molecular techniques (AFLP and SSR) to estimate the levels of genetic variability among apricot germplasm. 相似文献
17.
收集佛手（Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis Swingle）13 份、枸橙（C. medica var. yunnanensis
Ding）1 份及香椽（C. medica L.）6 份,共20 份种质资源,其中14 份成功引种在佛手资源圃。在对其中
14 份资源生物学特性进行描述的基础上,采用ISSR 分子标记技术对20 份样品进行遗传多样性分析。筛
选出的11 条引物共检测到102 条DNA 条带,其中58 条为多态性条带,多态性条带比率为56.9%。各样
品之间的遗传相似性系数在0.608 ~ 0.990 之间。聚类分析结果表明,当遗传系数为0.798 时,可将供试材
料分为枸橙、香橼和佛手3 个类群,新发现的3 个芽变材料是佛手中一个新的类群。 相似文献
18.
我国园艺作物核心种质研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
综述了我国园艺植物核心种质研究进展,针对目前园艺作物核心种质研究现状与问题,提出了今后园艺作物核心种质研究方向,即要加强对取样策略、分组原则等问题的研究,加速收集园艺作物种质资源的基础数据、特征数据、评价鉴定数据及分子检测数据,尽快建立一批我国原产的、重要的园艺作物的核心种质,以提高园艺作物种质资源利用效率,提升种质创新能力,从而推动我国园艺产业快速发展。 相似文献
19.
国家果树种质南京桃资源圃初级核心种质构建 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用国家果树种质南京桃资源圃中保存的630份资源的60个描述项信息,通过比较分组、逐步聚类和随机3类取样方法,以及取样比例的筛选,进行了初级核心种质构建研究。结果显示：逐步聚类取样方法优于分组取样和完全随机取样方法;逐步聚类取样方法的最适取样比例为15%;不同聚类模型间存在差异,聚类后的取样方法间也存在差异;欧式距离和内平方距离法逐步聚类后优先选取高均偏种质的方法更适宜桃初级核心种质的构建。通过缺失表型添加,构建的初级核心种质包括99份资源,占原始库的15.7%,具100%表型保留比例。经多样性指数、表型方差、变异系数检验,以及数量性状的均值和极差符合率检验,初级核心种质具有良好的代表性。 相似文献
20.
Rudolf M. Samisch 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(1):164-179
SummaryPluots are putative hybrids between plums (Prunus salicina Lindl.) and apricots (P. armeniaca L.). The capability to distinguish among plum and pluot cultivars is important in breeding and cultivation. We investigated the genetic diversity among 14 plums, 6 pluots and one plumcot representing commercial cultivars in California, with 28 microsatellite markers. We also tested seven apricot cultivars as a reference to ®nd evidence of apricot in the ancestry of pluots and plumcot. The parental material used in the original cross that produced the pluot and plumcot was not available. Of the 28 SSR markers, 25 were from sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) and three from peach (Prunus persica L.). Approximately 80% of the cherry primers generated ampli®cation products in plum and pluots, showing transportability between these Prunus species. One to eight putative alleles per locus were displayed by the tested SSRs in plums and pluots. In plum and pluot samples a total of 100 alleles were identi®ed with an average of 4.3 alleles per primer combination. The SSR markers were successfully used for the discrimination of all tested cultivars. In pluots, 76 alleles were found in which 63 (83%) were speci®cally coming from plum, 9 (12%) were common in plum, pluots and apricot while no allele in the pluots was observed that was contributed from apricot. In plumcot, 49 alleles were observed in which 25 (51%) were from plum, 18 (36%) were speci®cally from apricot and 6 (12%) were common in plum, plumcot and apricot. Relationships among the 28 plum, pluot and apricot cultivars were represented by a dendrogram, constructed on the basis of 168 SSR markers. The dendrogram showed the plums and pluots form a cluster distinct from the apricots, with pluot cultivars interspersed among plum cultivars and more closely related to plum than to apricot. Plumcot made a separate branch and was placed between the plum and apricot cluster. These results suggest that the SSR markers are valuable tools for identi®cation of cultivars and diversity analyses in plum. 相似文献