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1.
野生亚麻(Linum stelleroides Planch)是二年生植物,要通过有性繁殖留取种子的方式进行保存颇有难度.本项研究采用组织培养的方法对野生亚麻的茎段进行无性扩繁获得成功,一年内从2株无菌苗入手培养最终获得再生植株600多株,繁殖倍数达300倍,而且移栽成活的再生植株已开花结实.同时进行了低温保存不定芽的研究,结果显示,4℃条件下保存3个月对野生亚麻茎段分化率有一定的促进作用,初步确定MS(附加6-BA 0.5mg/l,NAA 0.05mg/l)培养基为茎段分化的适宜培养基,1/2MS(附加一定量的激素)培养基为不定芽保存培养基. 相似文献
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目的筛选红花不定芽高效诱导条件,结合红花茎尖微嫁接技术,解决转基因红花再生效率低的问题。方法以新疆塔城裕民无刺红花的子叶作为外植体,子叶--愈伤组织--不定芽分化--伸长--生根/嫁接,分别对红花不定芽高效诱导培养基、伸长培养基和生根培养基进行筛选。结果确定了不定芽分化培养基:MS+1.0mg/L TDZ+0.5mg/L NAA,不定芽伸长培养基:MS+1%蔗糖,生根培养基:White+3mg/L IBA+Ag NO3 10mg/L+2%蔗糖+0.2g/L活性炭,生根率为12.5%;以14d红花实生苗做砧木,劈接法嫁接再生植株的成活率为53.3%。结论本研究采用不定芽高效诱导与茎尖微嫁接技术相结合的方法,成功的获得了再生植株。 相似文献
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银后粗肋草的离体培养和快速繁殖 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以银后粗肋草的幼嫩叶片为材料,研究不同植物生长调节剂组合对愈伤组织诱导和分化的影响;以带侧芽的茎段为材料,研究不同接种方式、不同6-BA和NAA组合对丛生芽诱导的影响;以愈伤组织诱导的不定芽和茎段诱导的丛生芽为材料,研究不同植物生长调节剂组合对丛生芽的增殖和生根的影响;最后研究不同移栽基质组合对试管苗移栽成活的影响。结果表明:(1)叶片接种在MS+6-BA 2.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L培养基培养中60 d后,愈伤组织诱导率为63.41%,不定芽再生率为26.88%,平均生成芽数为3.80个。(2)带侧芽的茎段水平放置接种在MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L培养基上,丛生芽诱导率为91.91%,平均生成芽数为5.29个。(3)将经叶片诱导愈伤组织分化所得的不定芽和经茎段诱导所得的丛生芽切成单株,接种到MS+6-BA 3.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L或MS+KT 3.0~4.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L增殖培养基中,不定芽和丛生芽增殖和生长良好。(4)将在增殖培养基中长至4 cm以上的小植株转入到1/2 MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L的生根培养基中培养20 d后,生根率达100%,平均根长4.49 cm,每株平均根数6.80条。(5)生根苗移栽到1/2木屑+1/4珍珠岩+1/4菜园土混合基质中,成活率达95.40%。 相似文献
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为了奠定频繁开花型高产小桐子的快繁及转基因基础,通过对小桐子茎段腋芽培养、叶片和叶柄愈伤诱导及不定芽分化的不同激素组合培养进行研究。结果表明：适合该高产品种的茎段培养的最佳培养基为MS＋6-BA 0.5 mg/L＋IBA 0.1 mg/L,叶片愈伤诱导及不定芽分化培养基为MS＋6-BA 2.5 mg/L＋IBA 0.5 mg/L,叶柄愈伤诱导及不定芽分化培养基为MS＋6-BA 1.0 mg/L＋IBA 0.2 mg/L,生根培养以1/2MS＋IBA 0.5 mg/L＋AC 0.1%较为适宜。引起小桐子组培苗玻璃化现象的主要原因之一是BA浓度过高;在不定芽的分化培养中,愈伤过多会严重影响不定芽的数量及质量。 相似文献
6.
花生组织培养及高频率植株再生 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
以14个花生品种为材料,对花生组织培养及植株再生进行了研究。将花生成熟胚幼叶、子叶和下胚轴外植体接种到添加0～2 mg/L NAA 和0～10 mg/L BAP的MSB5（MS无机盐 + B5有机）培养基上诱导愈伤,再转到添加0～10 mg/L BAP的分化培养基上诱导不定芽。结果表明,诱导培养基中添加的激素及其浓度对以后在分化培养基上不定芽分化有重要作用,以添加1 mg/L NAA 和6 mg/L BAP最利于不定芽分化;分化培养基中添加4 mg/LBAP利于不定芽伸长及植株再生;幼叶外植体分化不定芽频率明显高于子叶和下胚轴;不同基因型不定芽分化率存在明显差异,白沙1016和花育23幼叶外植体获得了较高的不定芽分化率,分别达到91.8%和88.5%。再生苗经生根培养和驯化后,移栽花盆可正常开花结果。 相似文献
7.
以‘热研2号’柱花草茎段为外植体,研究不同激素种类及组合对试管苗诱导、增殖和生根的影响。结果表明：将带芽茎段接种在MS＋6-BA 5.0 mg/L＋GA3 0.5 mg/L的培养基中腋芽诱导率最高可达90%;最佳不定芽增殖培养基为MS＋6-BA 1.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.5 mg/L,其分化率达100%;最佳生根培养基为MS＋IBA 1.0 mg/L＋IAA 1.0 mg/L。综上所述,该研究结果改变了丛生芽的产生途径,缩短了分化时间,提高了增殖速度,是快速繁殖柱花草苗的有效方法。 相似文献
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采用改良DNS等方法筛选出的生长快、糖苷含量高的甜叶菊品系1096为材料,研究了不同外植体、不同激素种类和配比对愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化和生根的影响。结果表明:以茎尖为外植体愈伤组织和不定芽诱导率均最高;其次是带腋芽茎段;再次为叶片。无腋芽茎段和无菌根均能诱导出愈伤组织,但不能诱导成芽。茎尖不定芽诱导的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L;叶片不定芽诱导的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+IAA 1.0mg/L;带腋芽茎段不定芽诱导的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 1.5mg/L。不定芽继代增殖培养采用MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA0.05mg/L;在1/4MS+IBA 0.1mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L+1g/L活性炭的培养基上诱导生根,生根率可达100%,生根苗移栽后成活率达95%。 相似文献
9.
《中国马铃薯》2016,(2)
采用L_(16)(4~5)正交试验设计,以马铃薯品种‘陇薯11号’为试验材料,分别选用4种植物激素(诱导愈伤的GA_3、6-BA、NAA、2,4-D和诱导分化的GA_3、NAA、IAA、KT)的4个水平对其茎段的离体再生进行了研究,筛选适合‘陇薯11号’的愈伤和芽分化诱导培养基。结果表明,适合‘陇薯11号’的茎段愈伤诱导培养基为MS+GA_3(7.5 mg/L)+6-BA(2.5 mg/L)+2,4-D(0.5 mg/L),诱导率达98.72%,生长状态最好;诱导芽分化的最佳培养基为MS+NAA(0.25 mg/L)+IAA(0.1 mg/L)+KT(3.0 mg/L),不定芽诱导率为95.83%,分化苗健壮。 相似文献
10.
以剑麻H.11648为材料,研究外植体类型、激素种类及其浓度对剑麻愈伤组织的诱导和植株再生的影响,并且建立剑麻茎尖愈伤组织诱导及高频再生体系.结果表明:MS基本培养基、6-BA/NAA激素组合有利于淡黄绿色愈伤组织的形成,SH基本培养基、6-BA/IBA/NAA激素组合有利于不定芽的分化;最佳愈伤组织诱导和分化培养基分别为MS+3.0 mg/L6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA,SH+5.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA+0.1 mg/L IBA.在该培养条件下,H.11648麻茎尖愈伤组织的诱导率为86.67％,分化率为(98.33+1.67)％,分化系数为(13.19±0.58).再生植株在不加激素的MS基本培养基上培养4周后的生根率为100％,平均生根数为(5.39±0.70)条,根长为(8.44±0.25)cm,该研究结果为剑麻转基因的研究和种质创新奠定了基础. 相似文献
11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
19.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
20.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献