首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
C-reactive protein concentrations in canine acute pancreatitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Objective: To determine if C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentration is elevated in spontaneously occurring canine acute pancreatitis (AP), and to measure changes in CRP during the course of hospitalization. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine Foster Hospital for Small Animals. Animals: Sixteen client‐owned dogs with AP and 16 healthy controls. Interventions: Blood samples were obtained from the AP group on the day of diagnosis (Day 1), and on Days 3 and 5, unless the dog died or was discharged from the hospital. Blood was obtained from the control dogs once. Measurements and main results: Serum CRP was measured using a commercial immunoassay for each dog with AP and for healthy controls. Day 1 CRP concentrations were significantly higher in the AP group (56.1±12.7 μg/mL) compared with controls (2.8±1.3 μg/mL; P<0.001). For the 7 dogs that had samples collected on all 3 days, the mean CRP concentrations decreased significantly (P=0.043) over the 5 days of measurement. Of the 16 dogs with AP, 14 were discharged from the hospital and 2 were euthanized. Conclusions: Serum CRP concentrations were elevated in this group of 16 dogs with spontaneously occurring AP. In the 7 dogs that had measurements on all 3 days, the mean CRP concentration decreased from the day of diagnosis to the measurement made 5 days later.  相似文献   

2.
Background: Removal of leukocytes (LR) has been shown to eliminate or attenuate many of the adverse effects of transfusion in experimental animals and humans. Hypothesis/Objectives: Transfusion of stored packed red blood cells (pRBCs) is associated with an inflammatory response in dogs and prestorage LR attenuates the inflammatory response. Animals: Thirteen random‐source, clinically healthy, medium and large breed dogs. Methods: Experimental study. On day 0, animals were examined and baseline blood samples were collected for analysis. Whole blood was then collected for processing with and without LR, and stored as pRBC. Twenty‐one days later, stored pRBCs were transfused back to the donor. Blood samples were collected before and 1 and 3 days after transfusion. Results: In the dogs that received non‐LR pRBCs (n = 6) there was a significant increase from baseline in white blood cell count from a mean (SD) of 8.20 (2.74) to 13.95 (4.60) × 103 cells/μL (P < .001) and in segmented neutrophil count from a mean (SD) of 5.76 (2.70) to 11.91 (4.71) × 103 cells/μL (P < .001). There were also significant increases in fibrinogen from a mean (SD) of 129.7 (24.2) to 268.6 (46.7) mg/dL (P < .001) and C‐reactive protein from a mean (SD) of 1.9 (2.1) to 78.3 (39.3) μg/mL (P < .001). There was no significant increase from baseline in any of the markers in the dogs that received LR pRBC (n = 5). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: There is a profound inflammatory response to transfusion in normal dogs, which is eliminated by LR of the pRBC units.  相似文献   

3.
OBJECTIVE: To determine responses of canine and feline lenses to incubation in a medium with a high glucose concentration. SAMPLE POPULATION: Lenses from 35 dogs and 26 cats. PROCEDURE: Glucose concentrations were measured in paired lenses from 25 dogs and 17 cats after incubation for 14 days in high-glucose (30 mmol of glucose/L) or control (6 mmol of glucose/L) medium. Aldose reductase activity was measured spectrophotometrically in the incubated lenses and in freshly frozen lenses from 10 dogs and 9 cats. Two lenses of each group were studied histologically. RESULTS: Canine and feline lenses in high-glucose medium developed glucose-specific opacities of variable localization and extent. Canine lenses developed equatorial vacuoles, but severity of the lesions was not associated with the age of the dog. Lenses from young cats (< or = 4 years old) developed extensive posterior cortical opacities, whereas those from older cats (> 4 years old) did not. Glucose concentrations were similar in all lenses incubated in high-glucose medium; however aldose reductase activity was significantly lower in lenses from older cats, compared with lenses from young cats and from dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: High aldose reductase activity and glucose-related opacities suggest a central role for this enzyme in the pathogenesis of diabetic cataracts in dogs and cats. Because onset of diabetes mellitus usually occurs in cats > 7 years of age, low activity of aldose reductase in lenses of older cats may explain why diabetic cataracts are rare in this species despite hyperglycemia.  相似文献   

4.
Combinations of imidacloprid and permethrin were frequently used to control harmful arthropod of companion animals. The inhibitory effects on blood-feeding activity of mosquitoes in dogs raised under outdoor conditions were evaluated by using combination of 10% (w/v) of imidacloprid and 50% (w/v) of permethrin as spot-on form. Dogs in the treated group received the combination imidacloprid/permethrin spot-on. After treatment, dogs in the control and treated groups were kept separately from the evening (17:00) to the morning of the following day (09:00) in two different kennels installed outdoors to mimic realistic dog-raising conditions. Mosquitoes in the kennels were collected by light traps placed in the kennels and a sweep net to determine evidence of blood feeding, and for species identification. Mosquitoes were collected at Days 5, 3 and 1 before agent treatment, and the Day of treatment, and Days 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 after treatment. The percentages of blood-fed mosquitoes measured at Days 0, 3, 21, 28 and 42 after treatment were statistically significantly lower (p<0.01) in the treated group than in the control group. The most commonly collected mosquito, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, revealed statistically significant lower percentages (p<0.01) of blood-fed mosquitoes in the treated group than in the control group at the Day of treatment, and Days 3, 7, 21, 28 and 42 after treatment. It appeared that the test agent was effective in inhibiting blood feeding by adult female mosquitoes, and the efficacy lasts for 42 days after treatment under outdoor conditions.  相似文献   

5.
Background: Thyroid hormone concentrations were found to be different in Greyhounds and Whippets compared with nonsight hound dogs.
Hypothesis: In Sloughis, thyroid hormone concentration is lower than in nonsight hounds and comparable to Greyhounds.
Animals: Fifty-one Sloughis with no evidence of disease and a mean age of 4 years (range, 1–12 years).
Methods: Thyroid profiles consisting of total thyroxine (tT4), free thyroxine (fT4), free thyroxine after equilibrium dialysis (fT4 after ED), canine thyroid stimulation hormone (cTSH), and thyroglobulin antibodies as well as CBC and serum biochemistry results of Sloughis were compared with those of normal dogs. In 8 Sloughis, TSH stimulation tests were performed.
Results: In Sloughis, tT4 concentrations and fT4 concentrations measured by chemiluminescence were lower than those of controls (1.13 ± 0.65 μg/dL compared with 2.9 ± 0.8 μg/dL, P < .0001 and 11 ± 4.3 pmol/L compared with 16.7 ± 5.2 pmol/L, P < .0001, respectively). Concentrations of fT4 after ED and TSH were increased in Sloughis, when compared with controls (41.3 ± 26.9 pmol/L compared with 20.98 ± 10.29 pmol/L, P < .0001 and 0.22 ± 0.15 pmol/L compared with 0.15 ± 0.13 pmol/L, P = .0138, respectively). T4 concentration after TSH stimulation increased from 1.5 μg/dL (range, 0.2–2.7 μg/dL) to 2.7 μg/dL (range, 1.2–4.7 μg/dL); the recommended post-TSH T4 concentration was achieved by only 3 of 8 Sloughis. Hemoconcentration was found in 84.3% and hypoglobulinemia in 80.3%.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: When evaluating Sloughis for hypothyroidism, veterinarians should be aware that these dogs have different thyroid hormone concentrations than nonsight hound dogs.  相似文献   

6.
Plasma and skin concentrations of orbifloxacin (Orbax tablets, Schering-Plough Animal Health) were assessed in 14 clinically normal dogs and 14 dogs with pyoderma following oral administration of the drug at 7.5 mg/kg once daily for 5 to 7 days. Skin biopsies and whole blood samples were obtained before dosing and at the time of the expected maximum concentration in skin (3 hours after dosing) on the first and on the fifth to seventh day of dosing. Skin biopsies and plasma were analyzed for orbifloxacin concentrations by high-performance liquid chromatography. Dogs with pyoderma had significantly higher mean skin concentrations of orbifloxacin within 3 hours of administration (Day 0: 7.80 +/- 3.40 mcg/g, Days 4 to 6: 9.47 +/- 6.23 mcg/g) than did dogs with normal skin (Day 0: 3.85 +/- 1.08 mcg/g, Days 4 to 6: 5.43 +/- 1.02 mcg/g). After dosing on Day 0 and after five to seven daily treatments, dogs with pyoderma had significantly higher mean orbifloxacin skin:plasma ratios (1.40 and 1.44, respectively) than did clinically normal dogs (0.81 and 0.96, respectively). The accumulation of orbifloxacin in diseased skin may contribute to the efficacy of this compound for the treatment of bacterial skin infections.  相似文献   

7.
Sulfobromophthalein excretion and plasma ammonia and serum bile acid concentrations were measured in 11 dogs with portal vascular anomalies. The fasting serum bile acid concentration was increased in all 11 dogs (78.9 +/- 16.1 mumol/L; normal, 2.6 +/- 0.4 mumol/L). For values measured in 8 dogs, the 2-hour postprandial serum bile acid concentration was increased further (177.0 +/- 26.4 mumol/L; normal, 7.6 +/- 2.3 mumol/L). The fasting plasma ammonia concentration was markedly increased in all 11 dogs (246.9 +/- 40.3 micrograms/dl; normal, 27 to 15 micrograms/dl). Thirty minutes after the oral administration of ammonium chloride, the plasma ammonia concentration was increased further in the 7 dogs (510.7 +/- 45.5 micrograms/dl; normal, 57.5 to 20.5 micrograms/dl). Results of the sulfobromophthalein excretion test were abnormal in 10 of 11 dogs (12.3 +/- 1.4%; normal, less than 5% retention after 30 minutes).  相似文献   

8.
Arterial blood pH, PCO2, bicarbonate, base excess/deficit, and lactate, as well as serum sodium, potassium, and chloride were measured in clinically normal dogs and in dogs with acute canine babesiosis. Metabolic acidosis developed in dogs with fatal as well as nonfatal Babesia canis infection. In the fatal group, the acidosis was uncompensated; among survivors, base deficit and blood lactate were significantly lower, and pH, PCO2, and bicarbonate values were significantly higher. Serum potassium values were significantly lower, and serum chloride values were significantly higher in dogs with acute babesiosis than in clinically normal dogs. The shock resulting from acute canine babesiosis is best viewed as anemic shock. Treatment should include an alkalizing agent, a blood transfusion, fluid therapy, and a babesicidal drug.  相似文献   

9.
BACKGROUND: Measurement of blood lactate concentration has become a common practice in canine medicine. However, the accuracy of portable lactate monitors has not been reported in dogs. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and precision of a portable analyzer (Lactate-Scout) in measuring canine blood lactate concentration. METHODS: A preliminary study was performed to assess the effects of sample storage time and temperature on plasma lactate concentration. Blood samples obtained from 6 canine patients at our hospital were divided into 8 aliquots and stored at 4 degrees C and 20 degrees C; plasma lactate was measured in duplicate with a spectrophotometric system (Konelab) at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes after the blood collection. Values were compared with those obtained immediately after blood collection. Lactate values obtained by the portable method also were compared with those obtained by the reference spectrophotometric analyzer on blood samples collected from 48 additional canine patients. RESULTS: There was no significant effect of storage time (P = .89) or temperature (P = .51) on plasma lactate levels. The correlation between lactate values measured with the Lactate-Scout and the Konelab method was r = .98 (slope = .81, 95% confidence interval = .73-.87; intercept = .20, 95% confidence interval = .13-.31). The level of agreement between the 2 methods was generally good for mean lactate concentrations <5 mmol/L. However, at higher lactate concentrations (5 of 48 samples), the values recorded by the Lactate-Scout analyzer were lower than those measured by the Konelab method. CONCLUSION: The Lactate-Scout analyzer is reliably comparable to a reference method for measuring whole blood lactate concentration in dogs; however, caution should be used when interpreting lactate values of 5 mmol/L and higher.  相似文献   

10.
Background: Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs frequently cause gastrointestinal (GI) injury. Zinc‐l ‐carnosine has antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, mucosal protective, and healing properties in rodent models and in some human studies of GI injury. Hypothesis: The combination of zinc‐l ‐carnosine and vitamin E attenuates aspirin‐induced gastroduodenal mucosal injury. Animals: Eighteen healthy random‐source Foxhound dogs. Methods: In this randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled study dogs were treated with placebo (n = 6; 0X group), 30 mg/30 IU (n = 6; 1X group), or 60 mg/60 IU (n = 6; 2X group) zinc‐l ‐carnosine/vitamin E orally every 12 hours for 35 days. Between Day 7 and 35, GI mucosal lesions were induced with aspirin (25 mg/kg PO q8h). Mucosal injury lesions (hemorrhage, erosion, and ulcer) were assessed by gastroduodenoscopy on Days 14, 21, and 35 with a 12‐point scoring scale. Results: At baseline (Day ?1) gastroscopy scores were not significantly different between groups (mean ± SD: 0X, 4.4 ± 0.8; group 1X, 4.4 ± 0.6; group 2X, 4.2 ± 0.3; P= .55). Gastroscopy scores increased significantly in all groups between Day ?1 and Days 14, 21, and 35 (P < .0001). On Day 35, gastroscopy scores were 29.2 ± 5.2 (0X), 27.3 ± 3.7 (1X), and 28.6 ± 3.3 (2X). Mean gastroscopy scores were not significantly different among treatment groups on any of the days (P= .61). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Administration of the combination of zinc‐l ‐carnosine and vitamin E at 1X or 2X dosing did not attenuate aspirin‐induced gastroduodenal mucosal injury.  相似文献   

11.
The efficacy of two formulations of a topically applied 65% permethrin spot-on (Defend Exspot Treatment for Dogs, Schering-Plough Animal Health) was evaluated against experimental infestations of the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis and the lone star tick Amblyomma americanum in dogs. Eighteen dogs were randomly assigned to treatment with 65% permethrin in either diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (DGME; original formulation) or propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME) or to be untreated as a control. Treated dogs received either 1 (body weight < 15 kg) or 2 ml (body weight > or =15 kg) of the assigned formulation on Day 0. One hundred unfed, adult C. felis were placed on each dog on Days -6, -1, 4, 11, 18, 25, and 32. Fifty unfed, adult ticks were placed on each dog on Days -1, 3, 9, 16, 23, and 30. Live fleas and ticks were counted and removed on Days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Treatment of dogs with the 65% permethrin in DGME reduced flea numbers by 90.4% to 99.9% from Days 3 through 21 (P < or =.05) and by 48.2% 28 days after treatment. Treatment of dogs with 65% permethrin in PGME reduced flea numbers by 93.7% to 99.7% from Days 3 through 28 and by 78.4% 35 days after treatment (P < or =.05). Treatment with 65% permethrin in DGME reduced tick numbers by 90% or more only on Day 7, whereas treatment with 65% permethrin in PGME reduced the number of live ticks by 90%or more on Days 7 and 14 and approached 90%(87.9%) on Day 21. Efficacy against fleas and ticks for the PGME formulation was significantly better (P < or =.05) than for the DGME formulation on Day 28. Findings in this study indicate that both the DGME and PGME formulations of 65% permethrin performed well in reducing numbers of live C. felis and A. americanum on laboratory beagles; however, the PGME formulation was effective approximately 1 to 2 weeks longer than the DGME formulation.  相似文献   

12.
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of metritis and subclinical hypocalcemia on reduction of uterine size in dairy cows using ultrasonography and sonomicrometry. Four piezoelectric crystals were implanted via laparotomy into the myometrium of the pregnant uterine horn of 12 pluriparous Holstein Friesian cows 3 weeks before the calculated calving date. Sonometric measurements were conducted daily from 2 days before parturition (= Day 0) until Day 14 after calving and then every other day until Day 28. Distances between adjacent crystals were expressed in relation to reference values obtained before calving. The diameter of the formerly pregnant uterine horn was measured using transrectal B-Mode sonography starting on Day 10. Cows were retrospectively divided into the following groups: cows without metritis (M–; n = 7), cows with metritis (M+; n = 5), cows with normocalcemia (SH–; Ca > 2.0 mmol/l on Days 1 to 3; n = 5) and cows with subclinical hypocalcemia (SH+; Ca < 2.0 mmol/l in at least one sample between Days 1 and 3; n = 7). Metritis did not affect (P > 0.05) sonometric measurements, but the diameter of the formerly pregnant horn was larger (P ≤ 0.05) between Days 15 and 21 in M+ cows than in M‒ cows. Reduction in uterine length in hypocalcemic cows was delayed (P ≤ 0.05) between Days 8 and 21 compared with normocalcemic cows, but the uterine horn diameter was not related to calcium status. In conclusion, both diseases affected reduction of uterine size until Day 28. Cows with metritis had a larger uterine diameter, possibly attributable to accumulation of lochia, and cows with subclinical hypocalcemia had delayed reduction of uterine length, presumably related to reduction of myometrial contractility.  相似文献   

13.
Hypoglycaemia has been identified as a life-threatening metabolic complication in almost 20% of severely ill dogs suffering from babesiosis due to Babesia canis rossi infection, and has been correlated with mortality. Hyperinsulinaemia as a result of inappropriate insulin secretion may precipitate hypoglycaemia, and has been suggested as a possible cause of hypoglycaemia in human and murine malaria. This prospective, cross-sectional, observational study, including 94 dogs with naturally occurring virulent babesiosis, sought to identify the presence of inappropriate insulin secretion in hypoglycaemic canine babesiosis. Pre-treatment jugular blood samples were collected for simultaneous determination of plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. Animals were retrospectively divided into three groups: hypoglycaemic (BG<3.3 mmol/L; n=16), normoglycaemic (BG 3.3-5.5 mmol/L; n=62), and hyperglycaemic (BG>5.5 mmol/L; n=16). The median insulin concentrations for the hypoglycaemic, normoglycaemic, and hyperglycaemic groups were 10.7 pmol/L, 10.7 pmol/L, and 21.7 pmol/L, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in insulin concentration between the three groups. Additionally, the median insulin concentration in the hypoglycaemic and normoglycaemic groups was below the detection limit of the assay, suggesting that insulin secretion was appropriately low (i.e. undetectable) in these cases. Only two dogs had inappropriately elevated insulin concentrations. One of these dogs was hypoglycaemic. We conclude that hyperinsulinaemia is an infrequent cause of hypoglycaemia in virulent canine babesiosis. Other causes of hypoglycaemia, such as increased glucose consumption, depletion of hepatic glycogen stores, and hepatic dysfunction with impaired gluconeogenesis, are speculated to play more important roles in the pathophysiology of hypoglycaemia in canine babesiosis.  相似文献   

14.
Objective – To determine the association of blood lactate with outcome and response to transfusion therapy in dogs with idiopathic immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA). Design – Retrospective study. Setting – Urban veterinary small animal emergency hospital. Animals – One hundred and seventy‐three client‐owned dogs with IMHA. Interventions – None. Measurements and Main Results – Serial blood lactate concentration, therapeutic interventions, and outcome were recorded. Nonsurvivors were defined as those that died or were euthanized. One hundred and thirty‐three dogs (77%) survived, 35 (20%) were euthanized, and 5 (3%) died. One hundred forty‐five dogs (84%; 145/173) had a lactate concentration above the laboratory reference interval [0.46–2.31 mmol/L] on presentation. Blood lactate at presentation was higher in the nonsurvivors (median 4.8 mmol/L; 0.5–13.6) compared with survivors (median 2.9 mmol/L; 0.3–13.2) (P<0.01). All dogs presenting with hyperlactatemia that normalized (<2.0 mmol/L) within 6 hours of admission survived, whereas, 71% of dogs that had a persistent hyperlactatemia at 6 hours survived (P=0.034). Lactate was positively correlated with age, BUN, and alkaline phosphatase, and inversely correlated with PCV. Receiver operating curve analysis for lactate concentration at admission as a test for outcome had an area under the curve of 0.69 with an optimal lactate cutoff concentration of 4.4 mmol/L correctly predicting outcome 73% of the time (sensitivity 60%, specificity 77%). Conclusions – Lactate concentration at presentation was significantly higher in nonsurvivors than survivors. Lactate was significantly correlated with previously reported outcome variables but lactate concentration at admission, as a predictor for outcome was less than optimal. However, serial lactate concentration measurements may be more predictive as patients with persistent hyperlactatemia 6 hours after admission were less likely to survive. Prospective studies evaluating serial lactate concentration while controlling for other variables may provide further insight into lactate measurement as a prognostic indicator in animals with IMHA.  相似文献   

15.
Parentage testing was performed in sixteen litters by canine artificial inseminations with frozen semen from different sires on Days 5 and 7 after the LH surge. It became apparent that only 25% of dams had superfecundation, but 43.8% of dams were whelped after insemination only on Day 5 after the LH surge and 31.3% of dams after insemination only on Day 7. Of the total 87 puppies, 46% were born after insemination on Day 5 after the LH surge and 54% after insemination on Day 7. This result strongly suggested that canine artificial insemination with frozen semen could be sufficiently successful also on Days 5 and 7 after the LH surge.  相似文献   

16.
The efficacy of FRONTLINE SPRAY (0.25% (w/v) fipronil), FRONTLINE SPOT-ON FOR DOGS (10% (w/v) fipronil) and FRONTLINE PLUS FOR DOGS (10% (w/v) fipronil and 9% (S)-methoprene) against the biting louse Trichodectes canis on dogs was confirmed under laboratory conditions. A field study evaluated the efficacy of a single topical application of FRONTLINE SPRAY and FRONTLINE SPOT-ON against the parasite on dogs. A total of 48 dogs of mixed breeds, both sexes, aged 2 months-7 years and weighing 1.8-37.0kg were used. The animals were either experimentally (laboratory study) or naturally (field study) infested with lice. Dogs were housed individually in order to prevent contact between animals. In the laboratory study, animals were allocated based on pre-treatment louse counts from 38 hair coat-partings per animal. Dogs were randomly assigned to the four treatment groups: (1) untreated control; (2) FRONTLINE SPRAY, at 6ml/kg; (3) FRONTLINE SPOT-ON as per label and (4) FRONTLINE PLUS as per label. Dogs in treatment groups 2-4 were treated twice topically on Days 0 and 28. The number of live lice in the 38 hair coat-partings per animal were counted on Days 2, 7 and weekly to Day 63. In addition, a whole body comb count was performed on Day 63. No live T. canis were found on dogs treated with FRONTLINE formulations at any post-treatment examination. The difference from controls was significant (P<0.01) for each product at each examination. Based on the whole body comb count at Day 63, the efficacy of each product was determined to be 100%. In the field study, dogs were allocated in strict order of presentation. Dogs were randomly allocated to one of the three treatment groups: (1) BOLFO collar (propoxur); (2) FRONTLINE SPRAY, at 6ml/kg and (3) FRONTLINE SPOT-ON as per label. Dogs were treated once topically on Day 0. The number of live lice was determined by whole body searches on Days 0 (pre-treatment), 2, 28 and 42. Louse counts of dogs treated with either FRONTLINE SPRAY, or FRONTLINE SPOT-ON were not different than those of dogs receiving the propoxur collar. The efficacy was determined to be >98% on Day 2 and, 100% on Days 28 and 42 in all treatment groups. The results of these studies demonstrate that fipronil in topical formulations is effective for treatment and control of biting lice (T. canis) infestations on dogs.  相似文献   

17.

Background

There are no standardized guidelines for determining the likelihood that euvolemic anemic dogs will benefit from transfusion of packed red blood cells (pRBC).

Objectives

To report clinical and laboratory variables of dogs receiving pRBC transfusion, which could guide transfusion of other anemic dogs.

Animals

Twenty‐four client‐owned anemic dogs receiving pRBC transfusion.

Methods

Prospective study; 30 transfusions assessed. Clinical findings (mucosal color, pulse quality, heart rate, respiratory rate, mentation/exercise tolerance) before and after transfusion were evaluated by the anemic dog clinical assessment score (ADCAS). Hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, venous oxygen content (CvO2), and lactate concentration were measured from blood samples taken before and after transfusion. These results were not used for case management.

Results

All ADCAS variables decreased significantly with transfusion (P < .001); the total score was ≥5/12 before transfusion, and ≤3/12 in all cases that were deemed to no longer require transfusion. Hematocrit and CvO2 were <17% and <5 mL/dL, respectively, in 83% of cases before transfusion and hemoglobin concentration was <5.8 g/dL in 80%. Hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and CvO2 increased significantly with transfusion (P < .001); lactate concentration decreased significantly (P = .006).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Clinical and laboratory variables improved significantly after transfusion of pRBC. By identifying how transfusion affected these variables, it was possible to recognize clinical (ADCAS) and laboratory (hemoglobin, CvO2, lactate) variables, which could be useful in guiding the decision to transfuse dogs with similar presentations.  相似文献   

18.
Acid-base abnormalities frequently are present in sick dogs. The mechanism for an acid-base disturbance can be determined with the simplified strong ion approach, which requires accurate values for the total concentration of plasma nonvolatile buffers (A(tot)) and the effective dissociation constant for plasma weak acids (K(a)). The aims of this study were to experimentally determine A(tot) and K(a) values for canine plasma. Plasma was harvested from 10 healthy dogs; the concentrations of quantitatively important strong ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, L-lactate) and nonvolatile buffer ions (total protein, albumin, phosphate) were determined; and the plasma was tonometered with CO2 at 37 degrees C. Strong ion difference (SID) was calculated from the measured strong ion concentrations, and nonlinear regression was used to estimate values for A(tot) and K(a), which were validated with data from an in vitro and in vivo study. Mean (+/- SD) values for canine plasma were A(tot) = (17.4 +/- 8.6) mM (equivalent to 0.273 mmol/g of total protein or 0.469 mmol/g of albumin); K(a) = (0.17 +/- 0.11) x 10(-7); pK(a) = 7.77. The calculated SID for normal canine plasma (pH = 7.40; P(CO2) = 37 mm Hg; [total protein] = 64 g/L) was 27 mEq/L. The net protein charge for normal canine plasma was 0.25 mEq/g of total protein or 0.42 mEq/g of albumin. Application of the experimentally determined values for A(tot), K(a), and net protein charge should improve understanding of the mechanism for complex acid-base disturbances in dogs.  相似文献   

19.
OBJECTIVE: To determine relationships between plasma lactate concentration and gastric necrosis and between plasma lactate concentration and outcome for dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 102 dogs. PROCEDURE: Information on signalment, history, plasma lactate concentration, medical and surgical treatment, cost of hospitalization, and outcome was retrieved from medical records. RESULTS: 69 of 70 (99%) dogs with plasma lactate concentration < 6.0 mmol/L survived, compared with 18 of 31 (58%) dogs with plasma lactate concentration > 6.0 mmol/L (1 dog euthanatized for economic reasons was not included). Gastric necrosis was identified in 38 (37%) dogs. Median plasma lactate concentration in dogs with gastric necrosis (6.6 mmol/L) was significantly higher than concentration in dogs without gastric necrosis (3.3 mmol/L). Specificity and sensitivity of using plasma lactate concentration (with a cutoff of 6.0 mmol/L) to predict which dogs had gastric necrosis were 88 and 61%, respectively. Sixty-two of 63 (98%) dogs without gastric necrosis survived, compared with 25 of 38 (66%) dogs with gastric necrosis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Preoperative plasma lactate concentration was a good predictor of gastric necrosis and outcome for dogs with GDV. Preoperative measurement of plasma lactate concentration may assist in determining prognosis of dogs with GDV.  相似文献   

20.
Background: The Reflovet system is designed for chemical analysis of whole blood. However, plasma or serum is recommended for potassium analysis because of possible interference from RBC potassium. Because RBC potassium concentration is low in most canine erythrocytes, however, there should be little or no interference.
Objective: The objective of this study was to compare potassium results obtained in whole blood and in plasma from dogs using the Reflovet system.
Methods: Blood samples were collected from 104 dogs into lithium-heparin tubes. The potassium concentration was measured in whole blood, and subsequently the PCV was measured. Samples were centrifuged and the potassium concentration was measured in plasma. Comparisons were made using Deming's regression and Bland-Altman difference plots.
Results: There was very good correlation between results of potassium measurements in whole blood and plasma ( r = 0.93). Potassium values were moderately lower in whole blood: Potassiumblood= 0.912 × Potassium plasma+ 0.119. Hemolysis had a negligible effect on the results, but the difference increased with the PCV value. In more than 90% of samples, the difference between the 2 measurements was ≤ 0.3 mmol/L.
Conclusion: There is only a negligible difference in most cases between potassium values in canine plasma and whole blood using the Reflovet system.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号