共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 984 毫秒
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以 4个辣椒品种为材料 ,探讨飞船搭载对辣椒种子发芽力、植株生长特性、果实性状的影响。结果表明 :飞船搭载对辣椒种子的发芽率和发芽势有一定的影响 ,这种影响随材料而异 ;搭载种子平均初花期较对照提早 0 2～ 3 2d ,且株间变异增加 ,植株有矮化的趋势 ;第 1花序节位也呈降低态势 ,结果能力有所提高 ,但果实长度、直径和平均单果重呈下降趋势 相似文献
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航天搭载青稞遗传变异初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
108粒青稞干种子经返回式实验卫星搭载后,室内培养正常发芽得到108株幼苗。细胞观察结果表明,航天飞行处理对根尖细胞有丝分裂没有显著影响。幼苗移栽至大田发现经航天飞行处理的植株与未经处理的对照青稞植株一样健壮,但其中2株花序形态表现变异,出现双麦穗。其余106株的花序形态完全正常,用来自7个连锁群的21对微卫星引物对经航天飞行处理的青稞幼苗进行DNA多态性分析,其中20对引物未检测出变异,而用位于2H染色体上的引物HVM54从63个植株中检测出10株发生了变异,且这10株青稞的变异类型完全相同。这一结果说明经航天飞行的青稞种子DNA发生一定变异。 相似文献
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甘蓝型油菜品种航天诱变后代性状分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对搭载实践8号育种卫星的6个甘蓝型油菜品种(系)种子及其后代连续多年种植选择,对其SP3农艺性状及品质性状进行诱变效应分析,对SP4产量和农艺性状等进行鉴定与结果分析。结果表明,6个搭载品种的植株性状、生育期和抗逆性在SP1与对照相比均没有明显变化。对SP2进行田间观测,发现有多个主花序、主茎萎缩和小花瓣等变异株。对SP3室内考种和品质测试,发现了矮杆、大粒等有利变异株,还有一些芥酸、硫苷和含油率发生改变的变异群体。对SP4田间产量鉴定,得到了1份高产材料TK407,产量为3 048.35 kg·hm-2,产量构成三要素合理,分别为单株有效角果数365角、每角粒数23.43粒、千粒重4.61g。研究表明,航天诱变后代能产生变异植株,通过育种目标性状多代选择,能选育出高产、优质的新品种。 相似文献
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不同含水量紫花苜蓿种子空载后当代叶片显微和超微结构研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用“实践八号”育种卫星搭载含水量分别为9%、11%、13%、15%、17%的紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)品种“中苜一号”种子,返回后对搭载组与对照组植株叶片显微、超微结构进行差异性分析。结果表明：显微结构各指标9%和11%组表现负向变异,13%、15%、17%组搭载组表现正向变异;空间搭载对细胞海绵组织的影响明显于栅栏组织;不同含水量苜蓿搭载后细胞超微结构均出现不同程度的变化,叶绿体结构变异明显,线粒体出现明显的空洞和溢裂现象;15%搭载组淀粉粒较明显,17%搭载组淀粉粒个体大、数量多,表明空间搭载对淀粉粒的数量和个体大小的影响与搭载种子本身水分含量有关。 相似文献
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太空搭载胡芦巴SP1代生物效应研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以阿联酋胡芦巴种质为材料,经"实践八号"返回式卫星搭载进行空间诱变,回收后,与留地面未经搭载的对照在相同环境下同时播种,对诱变后代（SP1代）的主要农艺性状和品质性状进行研究。结果显示,与对照相比,空间诱变对胡芦巴种子发芽和初期幼苗生长势有一定的抑制作用,但生长一定时间后,植株长势强。空间诱变处理后,果荚由多数单荚变为多数双荚,分枝数、单株粒重以及单株荚数均显著增加。傅里叶红外光谱法对SP1代葫芦巴种子的品质分析表明,空间诱变并没有对胡芦巴的化学成分产生影响。本研究结果表明,空间诱变可诱发胡芦巴产生一定的变异,这些变异对获得有价值的高产胡芦巴新种质具有重要意义。 相似文献
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用一串红品种帝王自交系种子搭载"神舟4 号"宇宙飞船,进行空间诱变处理,诱变后代材料经多代选择,育成了新品种神州红,2008年12月通过浙江省非主要农作物品种委员会认定。与原品种帝王相比,神州红的开花期、单花序观赏期和成活率明显改善,但其他性状差异不显著。SRAP分析结果显示,在所用的33对SRAP引物组合中有17对呈现多态性,二者的遗传相似系数为0.945,说明空间诱变处理引起了一串红遗传物质的变异。本研究的结果证明,空间诱变对一串红是一种有效的育种途径,SRAP技术是分析空间诱变的有效方法。 相似文献
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试验研究不同降湿处理对温室番茄作物生长及养分积累的影响结果表明,经不同降湿处理后番茄植株株型变高、基茎加粗,与对照相比均达显著水平;地下热循环冷凝显著增加植株花序数、花数及果数;2个降湿处理植株叶片数、落花数和蕾数以及植株体内有机碳、Ca、Mg养分均与对照无显著差异;而全N、全P、全K 3种养分则存在不同程度差异。不同降湿处理对番茄植株各器官干物质分配率亦无显著影响。 相似文献
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茄子航天诱变后代变异及其SSR标记多态性研究 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
以"实践八号"育种卫星搭载的3个茄子高代自交系为材料,分析茄子航天诱变后代的变异及其SSR多态性。结果表明:航天诱变处理能显著影响茄子当代(SP1)种子的萌发,诱使株高、株型、叶片、果形等植物学性状在二代(SP2)发生变异,多数变异性状可在三代(SP3)稳定遗传;不同基因型材料对航天诱变处理的敏感度不同,长茄05-18的敏感性最高,圆茄05-9较05-7敏感性高;SSR多态性检测结果显示,变异株系与其未经航天处理自交系间存在不同程度的多态性,说明航天诱变可以使茄子在分子水平上发生变异。 相似文献
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《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10):1735-1746
Abstract The relationship among seed number, fruit weight, and calcium content in four apple cultivars (Annurca Tradizionale, Annurca Rossa del Sud, Red Delicious, and Golden Delicious) were investigated. In all cultivars, seed number affected the fruit shape. The percentage of misshapen fruits was higher when the seed number was low. A positive relationship was found between seed number and fruit weight (cv. Annurca Tradizionale, Annurca Rossa del Sud, and Golden Delicious), and between seed number and fruit calcium (cv. Golden Delicious and Red Delicious). In cv. Annurca Rossa del Sud, Red Delicious, and Golden Delicious, a significant relationship was noted between seed number and flesh firmness, while a correlation between seed number and pulp acidity was found only for the two Annurca cultivars. 相似文献
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Kico Dhima Ioannis Vasilakoglou Stefanos Stefanou Thomas Gatsis Konstantinos Paschalidis Stamatis Aggelopoulos 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2016,62(9):1250-1263
A 2-year greenhouse and laboratory study was conducted to investigate the competition and allelopathy between Cyperus rotundus L. and Solanum lycopersicum L., S. melongena L. and Capsicum annuum L. All crops showed low ability to withstand competition of C. rotundus and this was the reason for the reduction of their total fruit number and fruit yield by 81%–94% and 86%–96%, respectively. The aqueous extracts from C. rotundus plant parts decreased the seed germination and root length of all vegetable cultivars, indicating supplementary allelopathic activity of C. rotundus on all vegetables. The low correlation coefficient between the total fruit yield of the cultivars grown under weed-free conditions and total fruit-yield reduction due to C. rotundus interference indicates clearly that the yielding ability of the cultivars is not related with their tolerance to C. rotundus interference. 相似文献
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用 3种剂量60 Coγ射线辐照 4个陆地棉品种 (系 )风干种子 ,以其γ2 代群体的株型、叶型、铃型、果枝类型等形态特征为指示性状与对照相比 ,分成正常型与非正常型 ,对主要经济性状进行了相关分析。结果表明 ,辐射能改变棉花主要经济性状间的相关方向和相关程度 ,不同辐照剂量对棉花经济性状的影响不同 ;在辐照后代群体中 ,正常型单株能较好地将高产、优质结合在一起 ;针对不同类型γ2 代个体选择重点和方向有所不同 相似文献
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大豆品种耐低磷和对磷肥效应的遗传差异 总被引：26，自引：4，他引：22
大豆不同品种对低磷胁迫和磷肥效应有显著的遗传差异。低磷胁迫下,苗期植株叶片酸性磷酸酶活性（APA）和叶面积与品种的子粒产量呈极显著相关;APA、叶面积、干物质量和氮积累量与生物学产量呈显著或极显著相关。但在施磷条件下,它们之间则无相关关系。这表明APA、叶面积、干物质量和氨积累量可作为耐低磷基因型的筛选指标。试验表明,耐低磷能力弱的品种对磷肥反应更为敏感。在低磷和施磷条件下产量均较高的品种也是存在的,它们对不同的磷素营养环境有着广泛的适应性,进一步挖掘这类基因型很有意义。 相似文献
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Encarna Cayuela Alicia Muñoz‐Mayor Francisco Vicente‐Agulló Elena Moyano Jose O. Garcia‐Abellan Maria T. Estañ Maria C. Bolarín 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2007,170(4):479-484
Agricultural productivity is worldwide subjected to increasing salinity problems. Various strategies are applied to overcome the deleterious effects of salinity on plants. This study was conducted in order to determine whether drought pretreatment of seedlings or seed pretreatment with NaCl increases the long‐term salinity resistance of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and whether the adaptive response to salinity is accompanied by physiological changes throughout the plant‐growth cycle. When plants were pretreated at the five‐leaf growth stage, the plant dry weight was significantly higher in drought‐pretreated than in non‐pretreated plants after 50 d of salt treatment. The positive effect of drought pretreatment applied at the five‐leaf stage was maintained throughout the entire growth cycle, as fruit yield of drought‐pretreated plants was 40% higher than that of non‐pretreated plants at the end of the harvest period (150 d of 70 mM NaCl treatment). Moreover, the most productive plants maintained lower Na+ and Cl– accumulation in their leaves until the end of the growth cycle, which shows that adaptation is a long‐term response during which the plants adjust their physiology to the environmental conditions. Salt resistance was also improved through seed pretreatment with NaCl. In conclusion, drought pretreatment applied at the five‐leaf stage or seed pretreatment with NaCl provide an alternative way to enhance salt resistance in tomato, and the increase in yield is associated with physiological changes throughout the plant‐growth cycle. 相似文献
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海岛棉资源自然复合盐胁迫综合评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为筛选适合盐碱地种植的海岛棉品种,本试验以203份海岛棉进行自然复合盐胁迫筛选及评价。结果表明,株高、始节高、果枝数、蕾铃脱落数、蕾铃脱落率及单铃籽棉产量耐盐系数呈现下降,衣分、铃数、始节数、有效铃数、有效果枝数、单铃皮棉产量、单株籽棉产量及单株皮棉产量耐盐系数略有上升。变异系数表现为单株皮棉、籽棉产量最高。相关分析表明,果枝数与铃数存在显著性正相关,蕾铃脱落率与铃数、始节高、始节数、果枝数、有效铃数、有效果枝数、蕾铃脱落数存在显著相关性,单株皮棉产量与衣分、铃数、果枝数、有效铃数、有效果枝数、蕾铃脱落数、蕾铃脱落率、单铃籽棉产量、单铃皮棉产量、单株籽棉产量存在显著相关性。相关性分析表明,皮棉产量鉴定值、主成分综合得分、隶属函数值、综合得分D值之间均呈显著正相关(P<0.01),说明可以通过这4个指标结合进行海岛棉综合评价及分类。海岛棉资源以耐盐、中耐盐为主,极端材料相对较少,通过对比发现果枝松散型较紧凑型耐盐性更强;此外,筛选到1份耐复合盐极强品种Pima 4,并通过逐步回归筛选到6个海岛棉耐盐指标。本研究为海岛棉花铃期耐复合盐品种的筛选提供了一定的理论依据、鉴定指标及方法。 相似文献
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James M. Spiers 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(17):2247-2261
A 6 year field study comparing the effects of 5 fertilizer sources applied at 4 levels to 3 rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) cultivars was established on a Typic paleudult soil in southern Misssssippi. Fertilizer sources had little influence on plant height, vigor, chlorosis, or fruit yield. The first year, ‘Tifblue’ was lowest in vigor and fruit yield, but after 4 growing seasons, had the highest plant height and fruit yields. Chlorosis symptoms were more prevalent at the highest fertilization rate, in the cultivar ‘Woodard’, and with Ca(NO3)2 fertilizer. During the first 5 years, fruit yields increased as fertilization levels increased from 0 to 5.9 g N/plant but additional fertilization did not influence yields There were no differences in plant vigor due to cultivars but the highest rate of fertilization decreased vigor. The cultivar X fertilization rate interaction was significant for plant height in 1983 and for fruit yields in 1984 and 1985. ‘Delite’ and ‘Woodard’ plant height increased while height of ‘Tifblue’ decreased as fertilization rates increased from the 0 to 5.9 g N/plant levels; higher rates decreased plant height in all cultivars. In 1984 and 1985 fruit yields of ‘Woodard’ and ‘Delite’ were not influenced by fertilization but yields of ‘Tifblue’ indicated a negative response to increasing fertilizer levels. 相似文献