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1.
选用十几味中草药组成复方，研制成每１ｍＬ含主生药０．５ｇ的注射和口服兼用型防治禽霍乱中药制剂复方止霍液。该药对禽霍乱Ｃ４８－１强毒株体外抑菌圈直径为１９．５ｍｍ；对人工感染禽的保护率接近１００％；对禽霍乱鸡、鸭、鹅自然病例的治愈率分别达９５．５％、９６．１％和９２．４％，显著高于青霉素、土霉的治愈率；对人工感染和自然下的鸡霍乱具有１个月的短预防效果，预防保护率分别达９０．０％和８１．５％。  相似文献   

2.
研制的禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗，５天产生坚强免疫力，保护率高达９０～９６．５％，免疫期长达６个月以上．经全国２９个省、市、自治区的２亿羽份鸡、鸭、鹅等各种家禽现地应用表明，该苗具有安全可靠、易于注射、减少应激、不影响产蛋、无毒副作用等特点．获国家级新兽药证书和国家级新产品证书．  相似文献   

3.
对鸭瘟、鸭霍乱紧急防治措施作了系列研究，结果表明：鸭瘟、鸭霍乱多价卵黄抗体对１００个ＬＤ５０鸭瘟强毒和８．３个Ｃ４８－１强毒菌的攻击具有１００％（８／８只）中和能力，对鸭瘟强毒（１００个ＬＤ５０）和Ｃ４８－１（８．３个）攻毒后５～６小时注射４倍稀释卵黄抗体２．０ｍｌ／只，具有１００％（６／６只）保护（口服有８３．３％保护）；分别以正常量和５倍量的鸭瘟弱毒苗免疫２月龄鸭，５～６小时后攻鸭瘟强毒，结果无一存活，鸭瘟弱毒苗和鸭瘟－禽霍乱二联活苗免疫后３天，对１００个ＬＤ５０鸭瘟强毒攻击获５０％（３／６）保护，７天获８３．３％（５／６）保护。Ａ群菌苗免疫后６天对Ｃ４８－１攻击获６６．７％（４／６只）保护，１２天获１００％保护。鸭瘟－禽霍乱二联活苗免疫后３天对Ｃ４８－１攻击获３３．３％（２／６）保护，７天获８３．３％保护；巴氏杆菌卵黄抗体和血清抗体能明显抑制巴氏杆菌生长并有溶菌现象出现；复方痢菌净、喹乙醇、庆大霉素、链霉素和四环素对多杀巴氏杆菌高度敏感（１７～４１ｍｍ）。  相似文献   

4.
禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗研究与应用总结   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  
研制的禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗，５天产生坚强免疫力，保护率高达９０－９６．５％，免疫期长达６个月以上。经全国２９个省、市、自治区的２亿羽从鸡、鸭、鹅等各种家禽现地应用表明，该苗具有安全可靠，易于注射、减少应激、不影响产蛋、无毒副作用等特点。获国家级新兽药证书和国家级新产品证书。  相似文献   

5.
三批禽脑脊髓炎(AE)油佐剂灭活疫苗免疫开产前种鸡，种鸡免疫2～3个月后所产种蛋对禽脑脊髓炎病毒(AEV)鸡胚易感性试验的受保护率达100％，而同期所产种蛋孵出的仔代雏鸡，在出雏后3周内对AEVVR株攻毒的受保护率亦达100％；种鸡免疫6～7个月后所产种蛋对AEVVR鸡胚易感性试验的受保护率达75％～80％，而同期所产种蛋孵出的仔代雏鸡，在出雏后3周内对AEVVR株攻毒的受保护率达70％～90％。试验结果表明，AE灭活疫苗对AEV鸡胚易感性试验的鸡胚保护率与同期雏鸡对AEVVR肌肉途径攻毒的保护率基本相同。  相似文献   

6.
禽霍乱是由禽源多杀性巴氏杆菌（Pasteurellamul－tocida，PM）引起家禽和野禽的一种急性接触性传染病，该病病程短促，死亡率高，对养禽业造成极大的危害。虽然抗菌药物能迅速控制本病，但停药后极易复发，因此疫苗的应用仍十分必要。目前禽霍乱疫苗有弱毒疫苗、灭活疫苗和新型疫苗。１弱毒疫苗禽霍乱弱毒疫苗是利用自然弱毒株或经人工培养致弱的菌株研制而成。其优点为免疫力产生快，３～５天即可产生坚强免疫力；免疫原性好；近期平均保护率较高可达６０％～９０％；免疫谱较广；生产成本低。不足之处是免疫期短，约３个月；安全性较差…  相似文献   

7.
禽霍乱油乳剂灭活菌苗的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
选用免疫原性好的５Ａ和７Ａ血清型巴氏杆菌菌株，分别接种于马丁肉汤通气培养。要求每ｍｌ的含菌量达１００亿以上。经０．５％福尔马林灭活后，等量混合为水相。１０＃白油为油相，按适当比例制成油乳剂灭活菌苗。与禽霍乱弱毒菌苗和禽霍乱氢氧化铝菌苗，分别接种于同群蛋鸡作对比试验。结果证实油乳剂灭活苗在安全性和免疫原性方面都优于后两种疫苗，５个月的攻毒保护率达８０％。经广泛的区域试用，从反馈信息和实地调查结果说明本菌苗对各种日龄的鸡、鸭、鹅都能有效地预防和控制禽霍乱的发生或流行。  相似文献   

8.
雏鸡混合感染禽霍乱和球虫的诊断与防治张文华，王洪昌，宫臣（吉林省畜牧业学校·白城市·１３７０００）１９９３年６～７月，接收了几个禽主的病雏鸡，据禽主反映雏鸡发病急，死亡率高。仅祝某一户饲养的３００多只雏鸡，２周内死亡１８７只，死亡率为６２．３％，之后...  相似文献   

9.
本文报告禽霍乱蜂胶灭活苗与弱毒冻干苗（Ｇ１９０Ｅ４０）分别对鸡免疫，在免疫后２０ｄ、９０ｄ、１８０ｄ作３次攻毒，结果：禽霍乱蜂胶灭活苗的保护率依次为１００％（５／５）、８０％（４／５）、６０％（３／５）；禽霍乱弱毒冻干苗的保护率依次为６０％（３／５）、４０％（２／５）、０％（０／５）。  相似文献   

10.
用患结核病雉鸡分离的３种不同血清型的禽结核分枝杆菌制备灭活苗。经现场试验，证明免疫效果良好．雉鸡血清中抗体可维持８～９个月，抗自然感染保护率为８６、７％。人工感染试验保护率为６６．７％。  相似文献   

11.
Fifty-five serotype 3,4 isolates of Pasteurella multocida, isolated from turkeys dead from fowl cholera, were characterized (fingerprinted) genotypically for comparison with the serotype 3,4 live fowl cholera vaccine principally used in turkeys in California. Twenty-three isolates were obtained from turkeys vaccinated with the M9 live vaccine, and 32 additional isolates were from turkeys not vaccinated for fowl cholera. Methods of characterization included restriction endonuclease analysis of chromosomal DNA and ribotyping, a technique for highlighting restriction site heterogeneity of highly conserved ribosomal RNA genes and associated sequences using a radiolabeled rRNA probe. Eight different genotypes or ribotypes were detected in these isolates by the above methods. Of 23 isolates from M9-vaccinated turkeys flocks, 19 were the same ribotype as M9. Thirty of 32 isolates recovered from unvaccinated turkeys were different ribotypes from M9. The remaining two isolates resembled M9 and were recovered from two different flocks placed in succession on a turkey farm where a flock placed previously had been vaccinated with M9, suggesting interflock transmission. Ribotyping and restriction endonuclease analysis appear to be useful tools to aid in the determination of the role that the live vaccine plays in fowl cholera epidemiology.  相似文献   

12.
A longitudinal study investigated the courses of mortality in commercial free-range organic layer flocks in Denmark. In total, 15 organic egg-producing flocks from 11 farms were randomly selected among 80 farms registered in Denmark. Four farms with confined egg production on deep litter were included for comparison. Flock sizes ranged from 2260 to 5940 layers. The flocks were monitored from introduction to the layer farm until slaughter. Flock mortalities ranged from approximately 2% to 91%, with a mean of 20.8% for organic flocks compared with 7% for confined flocks on deep litter. In total, 4608 layers were submitted for postmortem examination, representing > 40% of all the dead layers in the investigated flocks. Outbreaks of erysipelas (Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae) and fowl cholera (Pasteurella multocida) were observed in two and three organic flocks, respectively. The mortality rate reached 91% in one organic flock dually affected by erysipelas and fowl cholera. In six organic flocks, outbreaks of blackhead were diagnosed. Concurrent infections of erysipelas and blackhead were diagnosed in one organic flock. Escherichia coli infections in the form of septicemia were identified in all organic flocks. In addition, cannibalism and constipation contributed significantly to the mortality in some organic flocks. In the confined deep litter flocks, E. coli infection, constipation, and cannibalism represented the most common causes of mortality.  相似文献   

13.
From Aug 1985 through July 1986, 720 meat turkey flocks on 160 California premises were monitored and outbreaks of fowl cholera (Pasteurella multocida) were investigated. Data from 43 outbreak (case) flocks were compared with data from 43 nonoutbreak (control) flocks. Outbreak flocks, compared with control flocks, were more likely to be located on premises with higher maximal bird capacity and history of fowl cholera outbreaks. The overall impression was that flocks in larger, newer, more intensively managed premises were at greater risk of fowl cholera outbreaks than were other flocks.  相似文献   

14.
The live, attenuated vaccine strains of Pasteurella multocida have been hypothesized to be responsible for homologous serotype outbreaks of fowl cholera on farms that use the commercial vaccines. We have further hypothesized that the naturally occurring Clemson University (CU) vaccine strain may be transformed to virulence by the acquisition of plasmid DNA. To test this hypothesis, we obtained seven homologous serotype (A:3,4) P. multocida isolates, all plasmid bearing, that were cultured from fowl cholera cases in vaccinated flocks and compared the isolates with the CU reference vaccine by molecular methods. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were detected by DNA/DNA hybridization with labeled probes specific for the cya, aroA, and rrn genes of P. multocida. The RFLPs obtained from BglII-digested genomic DNA probed with cya demonstrated no differences among the isolates. Although three isolates probed with aroA showed a RFLP identical to the vaccine strain, five isolates were distinctly different. Isolates probed with rrn grouped into three different restriction patterns that were dissimilar from that of the vaccine strain. Therefore, we have shown that these fowl cholera isolates are different from the CU vaccine strain and that these outbreaks were not vaccine related.  相似文献   

15.
Restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) of whole-cell DNA was used to determine possible sources of Pasteurella multocida for each outbreak of fowl cholera occurring in turkey flocks in eight commercial poultry companies in California from October 1988 to September 1989. Over this period, 179 isolates of P. multocida were obtained from dead turkeys in 80 meat and breeder flocks on 43 premises. P. multocida was isolated from wildlife on five premises. Isolates were characterized by subspecies, serotype, presence of plasmid DNA, and REA type. In 52 (65%) flocks, all isolates of P. multocida had the same REA pattern as the M9 live vaccine strain following digestion of DNA with the restriction enzyme SmaI. Field strains of P. multocida were obtained from 27 (34%) flocks, and one flock (1%) yielded both M9 and a field strain of the organism. REA of field strains of P. multocida revealed 17 different SmaI REA types. Based on matching SmaI REA types, potential sources of P. multocida were identified for 15 of the 28 flocks infected with field strains of the organism, and transmission between turkey premises was a possibility in only seven flocks.  相似文献   

16.
Pasteurella multocida isolated from turkeys during an outbreak of fowl cholera was characterized by serotype and heterogeneity of genes encoding rRNA (ribotype) to investigate the epidemiology of the organism. Isolates were collected between October 1985 and July 1986. The M9 or Clemson University fowl cholera vaccine-like strain was detected in 17% of the flocks with fowl cholera. One particular strain, isolated only from breeder flocks, was recovered from 7 of the 10 breeder flocks examined in this study. Intracompany transmission appeared to be common, implying a failure in biosecurity. Circumstantial evidence indicated that in the field; the incubation period of P multocida in a turkey flock may be between 2 to 7 weeks. Wildlife did not appear to be an important reservoir of P multocida for turkeys during this study period. Ribotyping results tended to discount several of the possible interflock transmissions, as suggested by examination of serotyping results alone; however, serotyping in combination with ribotyping proved helpful in understanding the epidemiology of P multocida in turkeys.  相似文献   

17.
Turkeys exposed to Bordetella avium were vaccinated against fowl cholera with live Pasteurella multocida vaccine. Previous exposure to B. avium resulted in impairment of systemic immunity conferred by the vaccine: 86% of the vaccinated turkeys exposed to B. avium at 1 day old developed lesions or died of fowl cholera after challenge at 15 weeks old with virulent P. multocida. Of vaccinated turkeys not previously exposed to B. avium, only 26% had lesions or died of fowl cholera.  相似文献   

18.
为制备禽霍乱乙基纤维素微胶囊疫苗,笔者采用乳化 溶剂挥发法制备禽霍乱乙基纤维素微胶囊,对制得的微胶囊外形、粒径分布、包封率及缓释性能等进行了研究。该方法制成的微胶囊呈球形,外观圆整,流动性好,粒径分布范围为10～80 μm,包封率70％以上,体外释放72 h的释药率为39.72%。该方法重复性好,简单易行,体外释药试验结果表明,所得的微胶囊疫苗有明显的缓释作用。  相似文献   

19.
One hundred sixty meat-turkey premises in California were monitored for outbreaks of fowl cholera from August 1985 through July 1986. Nearly 27 million turkeys in 720 flocks were at risk during the year. Fifty-three flocks of approximately 3 million turkeys on 34 different premises experienced confirmed fowl cholera outbreaks. The epidemic curve for the year indicated that the majority of outbreaks occurred in the late summer and fall, particularly in October. The incidence of outbreaks during this time was not significantly associated with seasonal variation in the size of the turkey population. The mean flock age at outbreak was 10.8 weeks, with a range of 5-18 weeks.  相似文献   

20.
Samples collected from the oropharynx of wild mammals and birds trapped on 36 turkey farms in California were evaluated for the presence of Pasteurella multocida. A total of 966 animals were collected from 18 premises that had experienced an outbreak of fowl cholera within the past 2-8 months; samples were collected from 16 of these 18 premises within 2-8 weeks of outbreak notification and while the infected flock was still present. A total of 939 animals were trapped from an additional 18 premises that had not reported any outbreaks of fowl cholera within at least 4 months, if ever. Forty-eight isolates of P. multocida, of a variety of somatic serotypes, were recovered from 6 species of mammals and 3 species of birds. On only 2 of 7 premises was the somatic serotype of the isolates obtained from wildlife the same as the isolate obtained from tissues of turkeys that had died of fowl cholera on the same premises. Tests for virulence to turkeys were conducted with 31 of the isolates. Seventeen of these isolates caused mortality in turkeys. Wide ranges in mortality rates and median times to death were observed.  相似文献   

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