共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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兔肝内管道研究 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
兔肝内门管鞘系统所包含的门静脉分为左、右２支：左支供应左内叶、左外叶、右内叶及尾状叶，左外叶静脉可分出背、腹侧静脉，左内叶静脉及右内叶静脉各分出内、外侧静脉，尾状叶的静脉也分出左、右侧静脉；右支供应右外叶，分出右外叶静脉和右叶间静脉，右外叶静脉分出背、腹侧静脉。与人肝相似，兔肝内部也分为左、右２叶及左外段（叶）、左内段（叶）、右外段（叶）、右内段（叶）４段，尾状叶的左、右侧部分别隶属于左、右叶。兔肝的外形可分为左外叶、左内叶、右外叶、右内叶、尾状叶及位于胆囊左侧、门静脉左支横部腹侧及方叶支分布区的方叶。肝动脉和胆管的分支与门静脉的相应支伴行，但其分支形式较复杂。兔的肝静脉系统，除肝中静脉外，汇集各叶血液的肝大静脉还有左外叶肝静脉、左内叶肝静脉、右内叶肝静脉、右外叶肝静脉及尾状叶肝静脉，肝小静脉很少。 相似文献
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牛肝门静脉系统和肝静脉系统 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以铸型方法及实体解剖观察了牛肝内门静脉分支和肝静脉的属支,发现牛门静脉的分支与人、猪、兔、羊等相似。门静脉左支发出左个侧叶背、腹侧静脉、左内侧叶内、外侧静脉、尾状叶支组和方叶支组;右支发出右内侧叶静脉、右外侧叶静脉及尾状突静脉。肝大静脉有肝左、肝中、肝右静脉三支。与兔、猪、羊的肝大静脉相比,牛肝脏愈合的程度要明显。此外,对血管分支的名称、肝内分部、尾状突肝静脉的位置、牛肝的外形分部作了讨论 相似文献
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采用肝门静脉内灌注６０％硫酸钡火棉胶液，通过改变投照角度方法摄取肝脏的背腹位、侧位和４５°斜位Ｘ线片，观察了３０只山羊肝内门静脉的走向、分支和分布。结果表明：（１）山羊门静脉进入肝门后恒定地分为左右２条主干。右干短，０．５～１．５ｃｍ。左干长，３．７３～４．９７ｃｍ。左干在左叶上端与叶间切迹之间形成一弧部。它相当于人肝门静脉左干的角部、矢部和囊部。少数肝脏弧部不明显或缺如。（２）各肝叶的门静脉分支分布类型可归纳为：左叶８种类型，右叶７种类型，方叶和乳头突各６种类型，尾状突５种类型。（３）按门静脉各肝叶支的分支密度排列则依次为左叶＞右叶＞方叶＞尾状突＞乳头突。（４）少数门静脉肝叶支的细分支之间出现了孤立吻合支 相似文献
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山东黄牛肝胆管系统的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究通过对１５例山东黄牛肝脏标本的观察和测量表明：其肝外胆管系统的组成和方位恒定；并探讨了黄牛肝外胆道外科的最佳途径。对１３例肝乳胶铸型标本的研究，提示了黄牛肝内胆管树的基本类型：肝左管分出两支Ⅱ级胆管进入左叶，一支Ⅱ级胆管进入方叶，一支Ⅲ级胆管进入尾状叶；肝右管分出三支Ⅱ级胆管进入右叶，还有一些细胆管进入方叶和尾状叶。 相似文献
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肝脏是猪体内最大的腺体，具有分解、合成、贮存营养物质和解毒以及分泌胆汁等作用。猪的肝脏发达，重1—2．4kg。占体重的1．5％～2．5％，呈红褐色，中央部分厚，边缘薄，壁面隆凸，脏面凹。以三个深的切迹分为左外叶、左内叶、右内叶和右外叶。右内叶又以肝门分为尾叶和方叶。 相似文献
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Gross Anatomy of the Canine Portal Vein 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The gross anatomy of the portal vein of 21 dogs was studied by venous portography, corrosion casting, and gross dissection. The portal vein in all specimens originated by confluence of the cranial and caudal mesenteric veins. Its large tributaries were the splenic and gastroduodenal veins, which entered the portal vein between its origin and the hepatic porta. At the hepatic porta, the portal vein divided into a short right branch and a larger left branch. The right branch ramified in the caudate process of the caudate lobe and in the right lateral lobe of the liver. The left branch was essentially the continuation of the portal vein from which successive branches passed to each of the remaining lobes of the liver and the papillary process of the caudate lobe. 相似文献
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Gross anatomy of the portal vein and hepatic artery ramifications in dogs: corrosion cast study 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ursic M Ravnik D Hribernik M Pecar J Butinar J Fazarinc G 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2007,36(2):83-87
The anatomical variations of the portal vein and the hepatic artery ramifications were analysed on liver corrosion casts in 20 dogs as a possible aid in the surgical management of the organ. The portal vein ramified similarly in all dogs. It divided into the smaller right portal branch from which vessels for the caudate process and both right lobes arose and the substantial left portal branch, which supplied the remaining liver portions and in 12 cases also the dorsal part of the right lateral lobe. Right lateral, right medial and left branches are the major arteries originating from the hepatic artery; however, their origin and course varied among individual animals. In 10 livers, the right lateral and the left branches originated from the hepatic artery, while the right medial branch arose from the left branch and usually supplied the right medial lobe solely. In nine livers, the right medial branch arose directly from the hepatic artery and supplied quadrate lobe and gallbladder as well, while in one liver the common artery, which subsequently divided into lobar branches, branched away from the hepatic artery. An additional branch for the caudate process, originating directly from the hepatic artery, was observed in 10 livers. Certain liver portions received the arterial blood from two major branches, which was particularly characteristic for the right medial lobe (six livers) and caudate process (10 livers). The course of the major arterial branches was also variable, although they proceeded in close anatomical relationship with the portal vein branches. The left arterial branch accompanied the left portal branch on its dorsal aspect (15 cases) or crossed it from the caudal aspect (five cases). The right lateral branch crossed the initial parts of the left and right portal branches either from cranial (12 cases) or caudal aspects (eight cases), while the right medial branch always crossed the left portal branch from its caudal aspect. 相似文献
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Blood Flows in Tributaries of the Portal Vein: Anatomical and Angiographic Studies in Normal Beagle Dogs 
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下载免费PDF全文 G. Mogicato G. Vautravers P. Meynaud‐Collard A. Deviers J. Sautet 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2015,44(6):460-467
Liver anatomy, particularly its vascularization, has been investigated in many studies in dogs. Knowledge of blood flow from the main tributaries of the portal vein (PV) is necessary to explain the preferential sites of secondary lesions within the liver based on the site of the initial malignant lesion. How these flows come together was established in an earlier ex vivo study. Here, we highlight in vivo the blood flows from the main PV tributaries and their distribution in the liver of normal dogs. Portographs of the main PV tributaries were obtained in seven dogs after injection of an angiographic contrast medium. After euthanasia, the livers and their portal vascularization (PV and tributaries) were extracted for a comparative corrosion cast study. Flows were demonstrated in the cranial mesenteric vein, caudal mesenteric vein and splenic vein. However, no proper flow could be distinguished for the gastroduodenal and ileocolic veins. All these tributaries primarily supply the lateral liver lobes (right or left). Most of our observations indicate that the cranial mesenteric, caudal mesenteric and splenic veins primarily supply the right lateral lobe and the caudate process of the caudate lobe and secondarily the left lateral lobe, left medial lobe and the quadrate lobe. The two other tributaries (gastroduodenal and ileocolic veins) primarily supply the right lateral lobe and the caudate process of the caudate lobe. 相似文献
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To clarify anatomical distribution of Fasciola infection, the vascular and ductal architectures of the liver were studied by means of corrosion cast technique using synthetic resin. The arteria hepatica propria (AP) passes as the arteria gastroduodenalis (AG); AP becomes the left trunk after the porta hepatis; AP passes on the right side of vena porta communis (VPC) and projects AG while curving in a U-shape below the portal vein. Hepatic veins located between the vena hepatica media (HM) and vena hepatica dextra (HD) varied widely among specimens and were irregular, including the vena hepatica dorso-lateralis sinistra (Hds), vena hepatica dorso-lateralis dextra (Hdd), vena hepatica lobi caudati (Hlc), venae hepaticae processus caudati (Hpc), venae hepaticae processus papillaris (Hpp), and the hepatic vein to the dorsal intermediate part, which directly or indirectly drained into the vena cava caudalis. The courses of the bovine hepatic veins were markedly diverse, and anastomoses between vena hepatica sinistra (HS) and Hds were observed in about a half of the livers. The portal vein entered the liver as VPC slightly above the centre of the right lobe on the visceral surface. The intermediate or transverse part [pars transversa trunci sinistri (PTS)] of truncus sinister (TS), which extends from the entry of the portal vein into the left lobe of the liver, was slightly arched downward [pars umbilicalis trunci sinistri (PUS)]. The portal vein further arched from the distal end of TS to the umbilical vein and ran towards the inter-lobar incision between the left lobe and quadrate lobe. Based on these branches, hepatic segments were determined as 13 or 14 areas. A total of 15 bile ducts were derived from various lobes. The hepatic duct was about 2.6-6 cm long from the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts to the division of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct. 相似文献
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Detailed knowledge of the vascular anatomy is important for improving surgical approaches to the liver. Twelve canine livers were skeletonized to describe the anatomy of their portal and hepatic veins in details. Our data suggest that the liver can be divided into two sections, three divisions, seven lobes and two to four sub‐lobes. This differs from the classic division into four lobes, four sub‐lobes and two processes. The right section was perfused by the right portal branch and drained by independent hepatic veins, while most of the left section, perfused by the left portal branch, was drained by the main hepatic vein deriving from the middle and the left hepatic vein confluence. Part of the right medial lobe, and in some cases the papillary process of the caudate lobe, drained directly into the caudal vena cava. A proper right hepatic vein draining blood from more than one lobe was never observed. Portal connections between the quadrate and the left medial lobe were frequently recorded. Two sub‐lobes with different portal blood supply and venous drainage could be identified in the right lateral (33.3% of cases) and the left lateral (100% of cases) lobes. From our results, the classic nomenclature of the liver lobes does not reflect their vascularization. Based on similarities between canine lobes and human segments, a new nomenclature is possible and may be less confounding in surgical settings. 相似文献
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Fred C. Brewer N. Sydney Moïse Bruce G. Kornreich Abraham J. Bezuidenhout 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2012,14(1):293-300
The pulmonary veins were identified from the silicone endocast heart models of 19 dogs. Although variation in the number of the more peripheral veins on each specimen existed, all of the casts had a consistency with regards to the most proximal coalescence of the pulmonary veins as they entered the body of the left atrium. That is, the confluence of the veins formed three ostia at the atrial entry point that consisted of 1) right cranial and right middle pulmonary lobe veins; 2) right caudal, accessory, and left caudal pulmonary lobe veins; and 3) both the left cranial and left caudal pulmonary lobe veins of the left cranial lung lobe. The location of these structures identified by the 3-dimensional endocasts were then used to assist in the identification of the pulmonary veins using computed tomography of 2 dogs. Slices were made that approximated those commonly performed during echocardiographic examination. Understanding which pulmonary veins are seen by echocardiography in the different imaging planes will permit prospective evaluations of pulmonary vein size and abnormal flow patterns. 相似文献
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Cabral VP Oliveira FS Machado MR Ribeiro AA Orsi AM 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2001,30(4):205-209
The purpose of this study was to describe the anatomy of the lungs of wild boars for comparison with those of domestic swine. It was found that the right lung of the wild boar is divided into four lobes: cranial, median, caudal and accessory, whereas the left lung is divided into two lobes: cranial and caudal. In 93.4% of the cases, right pulmonary artery separates into the ascendant, descendant, median, accessory and caudal branches. In 73.3% of the cases, left pulmonary artery separates most frequently to form three branches to the cranial lobe, whereas the median lobe is generally supplied by only one arterial branch. There is a single pattern of bronchial distribution: in the right lung a tracheal bronchus leads to the cranial lobe, where it separates into the cranial and caudal bronchi and there are also bronchi to the median, caudal and accessory lobes. In the left lung, the large bronchus separates to form two branches, one of which further separates to form two branches to the cranial lobe whereas the other forms a single branch to the caudal lobe. 相似文献
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The ringed seal ( Phoca hispida ), as well as other seals, exhibit some unique anatomical properties when compared to their terrestrial counterparts. In the ringed seal, the most conspicuous adaptation is the aortic bulb, a large dilatation of the ascending aorta, which is comparable to that found in other seal species and marine mammals. Coronary arteries are similar to those of terrestrial mammals. The branches of the ascending aorta (brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery) are similar to those of higher primates and man. The pulmonary trunk originates from the right ventricle near the ventral midline of the thorax. The peculiarities of the venous system are three pulmonary veins, a pericardial venous plexus, a caval sphincter, a hepatic sinus with paired caudal vena cavae and a large extradural venous system. Generally, three pulmonary veins (right, left, middle) empty into the left atrium. The right and left pulmonary veins drain the cranial and middle lung lobes of their respective lung, while the middle pulmonary vein drains both caudal lung lobes and the accessory lobe. The pericardial venous plexus lies on the pericardial pleura on the auricular (ventral) surface the heart. The azygous vein is formed from the union of right and left azygous veins near the 5th thoracic vertebra. The caval sphincter surrounds the caudal vena cava as it passes through the diaphragm. Caudal to the diaphragm, the vena cava is dilated excessively (the hepatic sinus) and near the kidneys it is biphid. Cardiovascular physiological studies have shown some of these anatomical variations, especially of the venous system and the ascending aorta, to be modifications for diving. 相似文献