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山羊胃壁的淋巴管及其淋巴流向的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
杂种山羊３４只，从其胃壁浆膜下多点注入３０％普鲁士蓝氯仿溶液，观察了胃的淋巴流向及其所注入的淋巴结；其中１０例经各胃粘膜层，肌层和浆膜层分别注射，研究其淋巴管构筑，显微摄影记录。结果表明，山羊瘤胃、网胃，瓣胃及皱胃的淋巴管均有明显的分区，各区的淋巴分别注入相关的淋巴结。瓣胃叶片粘膜层的毛细淋巴管形成网状及平行分枝两种；皱胃粘膜上皮的毛细淋巴密集如林，直径１０～４０μｇ，在固有膜内形成毛细淋巴管网。 相似文献
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山羊肺淋巴系的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
24例山羊肺经肺实质和肺胸膜下注射30％普鲁士蓝氯仿溶液，剖查其器官内淋巴管及淋巴流向。结果表明，山羊肺的器官内淋巴管有浅淋巴管和深淋巴管2种。左肺尖叶淋巴管注入左支气管肺淋巴结和气管支气管左淋巴结，左肺心叶淋巴管注入左支气管肺淋巴结、气管支气管左淋巴结和气管支气管中淋巴结，左肺膈叶淋巴管注入气管支气管左淋巴结、气管支气管中淋巴结和纵隔后淋巴结；右肺尖叶淋巴管注入右支气管肺淋巴结和气管支气管前淋巴结，右肺心叶淋巴管注入右支气管肺淋巴结和气管支气管右淋巴结，右肺膈叶淋巴管注入气管支气管右淋巴结、气管支气管中淋巴结和纵隔后淋巴结，右肺副叶淋巴管注入右支气管肺淋巴结、气管支气管中淋巴结和纵隔后淋巴结。 相似文献
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淋巴管形态学研究方法进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
准确识别淋巴管是开展淋巴管研究的前提和关键。淋巴管注射法、淋巴管造影法、动脉内墨汁 硝酸银水溶液注射法等传统方法从宏观上研究了各器官的淋巴流向及其注入局部淋巴结的分布,借助光学显微镜可观察淋巴管的显微结构,透射电子显微镜下可观察到淋巴管的超微结构及其内皮细胞的连接方式,易于揭示淋巴形成的机制;淋巴管铸型扫描电镜观察法通过对淋巴管三维结构的研究,可真实显示淋巴管的立体构筑;5′- 核苷酸酶 碱性磷酸酶(5′ -Nase- Alpase)双重染色法能准确地区分出毛细血管和毛细淋巴管,Ⅳ型胶原及 B27 双重免疫组化染色能更准确显示毛细血管和毛细淋巴管的组化差异和特异性,是目前区分毛细血管和毛细淋巴管最为可靠的方法。 相似文献
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赵婧 《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2013,43(1):64
淋巴系统与心血管系统有着密切的联系,淋巴液在淋巴管内流动,最后归人静脉注入心脏,所以淋巴管是协助体液的一条路径,在淋巴管的路径上有许多淋巴结,它是淋巴回流的一个必不可少的途径,由胸腺和腔上囊(禽)的诱导原始淋巴细胞分化成T细胞或B细胞在淋巴结内繁殖参与机体的免疫活动,所以淋巴是机体的重要防卫器官和免疫器官.当机体受到外来物质的刺激时、首先淋巴结作出病灶性变化,而且反映了全身的感染状况.为此,在宰后检疫中具有重要意义. 相似文献
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山羊睾丸附睾卵巢和子宫的淋巴流向 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
杨春林、王云祥、Fabian等对胎儿、婴儿和鼠等生殖器官的淋巴流向进行了较为细致的研究。而有关山羊内脏器官的淋巴系的研究国内外报道较少。张玉龙、肖传斌等对山羊心脏和胃的淋巴系作了较系统研究。关于山羊睾丸、附睾和卵巢、子宫淋巴系的研究，至今未见报道。鉴于生殖器官肿瘤的 相似文献
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山羊咽扁桃体和咽鼓管扁桃体的组织结构观察 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选取健康10月龄奶山羊10头,断头宰杀后取咽扁桃体和咽鼓管扁桃体,应用组织学光镜和电镜制片技术研究咽扁桃体和咽鼓管扁桃体的显微和亚显微组织结构.结果表明:山羊咽扁桃体和咽鼓管扁桃体的黏膜上皮主要由2～3层多边形上皮细胞组成,部分区域只有单层扁平细胞,相邻上皮细胞间空隙很大,上皮细胞表面有丰富的微绒毛.上皮细胞之间和黏膜上皮下方固有层内有大量淋巴细胞浸润.扁桃体的实质部分由数个次级淋巴小结和弥散淋巴组织构成,弥散淋巴组织中有大量分布的淋巴管和毛细血管后微静脉.此外,在紧贴黏膜上皮细胞下方的固有层和淋巴滤泡中可观察到少量的树突状细胞.结果提示山羊的咽扁桃体和咽鼓管扁桃体可作为鼻腔免疫的主要诱导位点和效应部位. 相似文献
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<正>1淋巴构成和功能淋巴组织是猪机体的重要组成部分，由淋巴结、胸腺、淋巴管和脾脏组成。淋巴结为大小不一的椭圆形或蚕豆形淋巴组织体，新鲜时呈灰红色，主要由淋巴组织和淋巴窦组成，其外层覆盖着致密的结缔组织，结缔组织与淋巴管相连。包膜延伸至淋巴结内，形成许多间隙或小梁，构成淋巴结的网络支架。 相似文献
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P. L. Papadopoulou M. N. Patsikas A. Charitanti G. M. Kazakos L. G. Papazoglou M. Karayannopoulou I. Chrisogonidis N. Tziris A. Dimitriadis 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2009,38(4):292-299
Seventy-three clinically normal, lactating cats were used to investigate the lymph drainage of 73 mammary glands. In 50 cats of the first group, the number of lymphatic vessels emerging from the examined mammary gland, their course and the lymph nodes into which they are drained were studied by indirect lymphography (IL) after intramammary injection of an oily contrast medium. In 23 cats of the second group, the lymph drainage of the mammary glands was studied by computerized tomography indirect lymphography (CT-IL) after intramammary injection of a water soluble contrast medium. The following day, the lymph drainage of the mammary gland examined by CT-IL was studied by IL, as it was described in the first group, for comparison purposes. The main conclusions drawn after this study were as follows: lymph drains from the first and second mammary glands with one or rarely two or three lymphatic vessels to the accessory axillary lymph nodes. Lymph drains from the third mammary gland with one or two and rarely three lymphatic vessels usually to the accessory inguinal lymph nodes or to the accessory axillary lymph nodes. In some cases, it drains to both lymph nodes simultaneously or it may rarely drain only to the medial iliac lymph nodes. The fourth mammary gland with one or two and rarely three lymphatic vessels usually drains to the accessory inguinal lymph nodes. It may rarely drain only to the medial iliac lymph nodes. Mammary lymphatic vessels that cross the midline and lymphatic connection between the mammary glands were not demonstrated. No differences in the mammary lymph drainage pattern between IL and CT-IL were found. 相似文献
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Lee N Won S Choi M Kim J Yi K Chang D Choi M Yoon J 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2012,53(2):174-180
Three different doses (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 ml) of iohexol (300 mgl/ml) were injected percutaneously into the popliteal lymph node of eight adult cats under ultrasound guidance. Serial transverse CT images of five regions of interest (L3, T13, T8, T4, and T1 level) were performed at 2-min intervals, and the attenuation in Hounsfield Units (HU) of the lymphatic vessels was measured for determination of the optimal dose of iohexol and CT scan parameters. The optimal dose was 1.5 ml and helical CT acquisition is recommended to be performed as soon as possible after iohexol injection. In helical scans, the thoracic duct was characterized by variable branch numbers that formed a single trunk and entered the venous system at variable levels. CT lymphography using this protocol was performed in a cat with chylothorax. The thoracic duct was tortuous and focally dilated, and leakage of contrast medium was observed. Percutaneous CT lymphography using ultrasound-guided administration of iohexol into the popliteal lymph node appears reliable for delineation of the thoracic duct in cats. 相似文献
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MICHAIL N. PATSIKAS PARASKEVI L. PAPADOPOULOU AFRODITI CHARITANTI GEORGE M. KAZAKOS CHRISTINA B. SOULTANI NIKOLAOS E. TZIRIS SOTIRIOS I. TZEGAS SAMUEL JAKOVLJEVIC IOANNIS SAVAS KONSTANTINOS G. STAMOULAS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2010,51(3):299-304
The potential of computed tomography indirect lymphography (CT‐indirect lymphography) and radiographic indirect lymphography to demonstrate the draining lymphatic vessels and sentinel lymph node of normal mammary glands was tested in 31 healthy female cats. The lymphatic drainage of each mammary gland was studied initially by CT‐indirect lymphography after intramammary injection of 0.5 ml of iopamidol, followed by images acquired at 1, 5, 15, and 30 min after injection. One day after CT‐indirect lymphography, the lymph drainage of the mammary gland was assessed using radiographic indirect lymphography after intramammary injection of 0.5 ml of ethiodized oil followed by radiographs made at 1, 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after injection. The time between intramammary injection and opacification of the draining mammary lymphatic vessels and the sentinel lymph node, the duration of adequate opacification of the draining mammary lymphatic vessels and of the sentinel lymph node and also the number and course of draining mammary lymphatic vessels and location of sentinel lymph node were compared for CT‐indirect lymphography vs. radiographic indirect lymphography in each examined gland. This results suggest that radiographic indirect lymphography is easy to perform and can be used for accurate demonstration of the draining lymphatic pathways of mammary glands in radiographs made at 5–30 min after injection. However, CT‐indirect lymphography was able to better demonstrate small lymphatic vessels and accurately define the exact topography of the sentinel lymph node in images acquired at 1 min after injection. 相似文献
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Lymph system and lymphatic drainage in the testis of the Peking drake ( Anas platyrhynchos , L.)
After perfusion fixation the lymph vascular system can be distinguished sharply from the blood vascular system because the formation of lymph proteins is a reliable distinguishing criterion. Prelymphatic spaces without endothelial lining among seminiferous tubules partially communicate with lymph capillaries that are continuous with lymph sinusoids. Lymphatic vessels whose walls as yet contain no muscle are already present between the seminiferous tubules. The lymph then flows to the tunica albuginea in which it was possible to demonstrate, by injection of Prussian Blue, an narrow-mesh lymphatic network. Collecting vessels converge on the hilus and carry the lymph to the thoracoabdominal trunk. Right and left trunks, singly or after joining, enter the blood vascular system close to the left angle of veins. 相似文献
After perfusion fixation the lymph vascular system can be distinguished sharply from the blood vascular system because the formation of lymph proteins is a reliable distinguishing criterion. Prelymphatic spaces without endothelial lining among seminiferous tubules partially communicate with lymph capillaries that are continuous with lymph sinusoids. Lymphatic vessels whose walls as yet contain no muscle are already present between the seminiferous tubules. The lymph then flows to the tunica albuginea in which it was possible to demonstrate, by injection of Prussian Blue, an narrow-mesh lymphatic network. Collecting vessels converge on the hilus and carry the lymph to the thoracoabdominal trunk. Right and left trunks, singly or after joining, enter the blood vascular system close to the left angle of veins. 相似文献
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ROBERT A. MARTIN dvm D. LEIGHTON S. RICHARDS bvsc DON L. BARBER dvm ms DONALD O. CORDES bvsc ms diplomateacvp ELIZABETH SUFIT dvm 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1988,17(1):22-26
An approach combining ventral midline celiotomy with transdiaphragmatic thoracotomy was evaluated in eight healthy cats for ligation of the thoracic duct system. Evans Blue solution was injected into the right colic lymph node to outline the intestinal lymphatic trunk and the thoracic duct system. Three cats (group 1) had mesenteric lymphangiograms and three (group 2) had only lymph node dye injection before thoracic duct ligation. The thoracic duct system was ligated with hemostatic clips just cranial to the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm, through a left transdiaphragmatic thoracotomy. Two cats (group 3) had prethoracotomy mesenteric lymphangiograms and thoracic duct isolation without ligation. Mesenteric lymphangiography was performed immediately after the surgery. In all of the cats, an absence of contrast medium in the thoracic duct system cranial to the surgical site was interpreted as complete obstruction. Four weeks after ligation, there was complete obstruction of the thoracic duct system with alternate lymphaticovenous communications in four of the six cats with ligated thoracic duct systems. Partial obstruction of the thoracic duct system with alternate lymphaticovenous communications was present in the other two cats. Both cats without thoracic duct ligation had patent thoracic duct systems. At necropsy of the six cats with ligated thoracic ducts, there was mild focal lymphadenitis of injected lymph nodes in three cats. The wall of the aorta adjacent to the hemostatic clips was normal in all six cats. The surgical technique was simple and provided excellent exposure. Vital staining with Evans Blue helped visualize the thoracic duct system, but mesenteric lymphangiography did not. Postligation lymphangiography was not of value in identifying incomplete ligation. 相似文献
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Shibata SJ Hiramatsu Y Kaseda M Chosa M Ichihara N Amasaki H Hayakawa T Asari M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(11):1143-1147
Lymph drainage routes from the abdominal and pelvic cavities in beagle dogs were observed serially by following the time course of India ink administered intraperitoneally. Four systems of lymph drainage routes from the peritoneal cavity were observed in this study. The earliest drainage returned to the cranial mediastinal lymph nodes via the sternal lymph vessels; subsequently, the sternal lymph nodes located along the internal thoracic artery became involved. Then, a drainage route via the lymph vessel along the left vagus nerve was observed. The final drainage route flowed into the lateral lymph vessel through the thoracic duct located on the vertebra. These results show that India ink is absorbed from the peritoneal cavity, and that the lymph drainage first flows mainly towards the cranial mediastinal lymph nodes through the ventral lymphatic channels. Our serial observations suggest that, over time, the lymph drainage routes changed from the ventral abdominal to the dorsal thoracic lymphatic channels in the thorax. 相似文献
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ERIC G. JOHNSON DVM Diplomate ACVR ERIK R. WISNER DVM Diplomate ACVR REW KYLES BVMS PhD Diplomate ACVS CARL KOEHLER DVM Diplomate ACVS STANLEY L. MARKS BVSc PhD Diplomate ACVIM Diplomate ACVN 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(3):361-367
Objective— To document a novel technique to image the thoracic duct and its tributaries by contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) lymphography.
Study Design— Clinical report.
Animals— Dogs (n=6) idiopathic chylothorax.
Methods— Ultrasonography was used to guide percutaneous injection of intestinal lymph nodes with nonionic iodinated contrast medium for preoperative CT lymphography of the thoracic duct in 6 dogs with chylothorax. Thoracic CT images were acquired immediately after contrast medium injection. All dogs had subtotal pericardectomy and thoracic duct ligation. Postoperative thoracic duct lymphography was performed in 3 dogs. Superficial cervical lymph node lymphography was performed in 2 dogs to determine cervical lymphatic contribution to thoracic effusions.
Results— Preoperative thoracic duct lymphography using this technique was successful in delineating the cisterna chyli, thoracic duct, and associated lymphatic vessels in all dogs. Immediate postoperative lymphography performed in 2 dogs revealed successful duct ligation in 1 dog and persistent lymphatic leakage in the other. A 1-month postoperative thoracic duct lymphogram performed in 1 dog revealed unsuccessful ligation or recannulation of 1 of 3 redundant vessels seen preoperatively.
Conclusion— Percutaneous CT lymphography results in excellent detection of the thoracic duct and abnormal thoracic duct drainage patterns both pre- and postoperatively. The contribution of superficial cervical lymph node drainage to reoccurrence of effusions can be evaluated.
Clinical Relevance— Percutaneous CT lymphography using ultrasound-guided contrast medium injection should be considered as an alternative to conventional open abdominal approaches to radiographic or CT lymphography. 相似文献
Study Design— Clinical report.
Animals— Dogs (n=6) idiopathic chylothorax.
Methods— Ultrasonography was used to guide percutaneous injection of intestinal lymph nodes with nonionic iodinated contrast medium for preoperative CT lymphography of the thoracic duct in 6 dogs with chylothorax. Thoracic CT images were acquired immediately after contrast medium injection. All dogs had subtotal pericardectomy and thoracic duct ligation. Postoperative thoracic duct lymphography was performed in 3 dogs. Superficial cervical lymph node lymphography was performed in 2 dogs to determine cervical lymphatic contribution to thoracic effusions.
Results— Preoperative thoracic duct lymphography using this technique was successful in delineating the cisterna chyli, thoracic duct, and associated lymphatic vessels in all dogs. Immediate postoperative lymphography performed in 2 dogs revealed successful duct ligation in 1 dog and persistent lymphatic leakage in the other. A 1-month postoperative thoracic duct lymphogram performed in 1 dog revealed unsuccessful ligation or recannulation of 1 of 3 redundant vessels seen preoperatively.
Conclusion— Percutaneous CT lymphography results in excellent detection of the thoracic duct and abnormal thoracic duct drainage patterns both pre- and postoperatively. The contribution of superficial cervical lymph node drainage to reoccurrence of effusions can be evaluated.
Clinical Relevance— Percutaneous CT lymphography using ultrasound-guided contrast medium injection should be considered as an alternative to conventional open abdominal approaches to radiographic or CT lymphography. 相似文献
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Kim Korpes Magdalena Kolenc Tajana Trbojević Vukičević Martina Đuras 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2021,50(6):1015-1025
Anatomical variations can be frequently found in the lymphatic system, which is also true for the shape and course of the thoracic duct (ductus thoracicus), the biggest lymph vessel in the body. From 2012 to 2019, the thoracic duct was successfully dissected in 43 dog carcasses that were used in the anatomy course at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb. The thoracic duct originated from the cranial border of the cisterna chyli as one lymph vessel in 36 dogs (83.7%), as two vessels in six dogs (14%) and as three vessels in one dog (2.3%). We divided the observed thoracic duct variations into six groups according to their anatomical similarities. Considering the specific embryonic development, we can conclude that all observed variations are the result of minor deviations from the standard ontogenesis. However, the importance of thoracic duct variations is significant in surgical procedures done in the thoracic cavity to prevent or cure the chylothorax. Since this research showed variations in 39 out of 43 dogs (90.7%) throughout the whole course of the thoracic duct, great care must be taken while performing the ligation or embolization of the thoracic duct. 相似文献