共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 562 毫秒
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高赖氨酸玉米在家禽日粮中应用研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
饲料配制过程中使用的普通玉米赖氨酸、色氨酸等氨基酸含量低 ,氨基酸比例也不平衡。赖氨酸和色氨酸是人和动物体内不能合成的氨基酸 ,必须从食物中获取 ,是动物生产过程中不可缺少的必需氨基酸。玉米蛋白质中的赖氨酸和色氨酸含量与蛋白质的品质密切相关 (王建国等 ,1 999)。普通玉米的蛋白质品质差 ,研究和改善玉米的蛋白质品质 ,在饲料配制上具有重要意义。随着现代玉米育种技术的不断创新和发展 ,培育出了高赖氨酸含量的玉米 ,既提高了赖氨酸含量 ,又改善了蛋白质品质 ,本文就高赖氨酸玉米的营养价值及其在家禽日粮中的应用作一综述。1… 相似文献
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氨基酸是生物体中具有独特生理功能的重要营养物质成份之一，它是组成生物体蛋白质并同生命活动有关的基础物质，是生物体生理功能不可缺少的基本物质。人们在动物的饲料蛋白质中可发现25种氨基酸，而研究发现动物体组织约由20种氨基酸组成。这些氨基酸基本上可分为两大类，即必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸。必需氨基酸是畜禽在自己体内不能合成的，或合成量很少，不够畜禽体内需要。而必须从饲料中供给的氨基酸，包括精氨酸、蛋氨酸、赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸、色氨酸等十种。而在动物体内能够合成或转化的，不必由饲料供给的氨基酸，叫非必需氨基酸。… 相似文献
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刘开论 《江西畜牧兽医杂志》1985,(1)
<正> 饲料蛋白质在家畜营养上具有非常重要的功能,用动物和植物性蛋白质营养价值试验证明:蛋白质的营养价值,取决于组成它的氨基酸种类,所以蛋白质的营养价值,实质是氨基酸的营养价值。目前发现养猪所赖以生长增重的氨基酸有20多种,其中以赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸三种最为重要,它们不能在畜体内自行合成,还需从饲料中不断供给,因此被称为必 相似文献
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1营养性添加剂氨基酸添加剂主要包括赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸和苏氨酸。赖氨酸是猪饲料中第一限制性氨基酸,通常动物性蛋白质饲料和豆饼、粕饲料都富含赖氨酸,而植物蛋白质饲料的赖氨酸含量较低,在缺乏动物性蛋白的饲料和豆饼、粕饲料中必须加赖氨酸平衡饲料中氨基酸的营养,以提高饲养效果。我国的蛋白质饲料绝大多数为植物蛋白饲料,缺乏蛋氨酸,添加适量的蛋氨酸,可以平衡饲料的营养水平,促进猪的生长和减少猪的脂肪沉积。 相似文献
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<正> 动物营养学家们早就发现,猪对日粮蛋白质的需求,实际上是对构成蛋白质的各种氨基酸的需求。在构成日粮蛋白质的二十余种氨基酸中,大约二分之一是必须由日粮提供的,称为必需氨基酸,其余则为非必需氨基酸。以谷实饲料如玉米、高粱、大麦等为基础的生长猪日粮中通常含有足够数量的各种非必需氨基酸或合成这些非必需氨基酸所需的氮源;某些必需氨基酸,如赖氨酸、苏氨酸、蛋氨酸和色氨酸等的含量则常常不足。这种不足一般可以通过添加蛋白质补充饲料(如鱼粉、豆饼之类)或合成氨基酸来解决。所谓“理想蛋白质”,即日粮蛋白质中各种氨基酸(尤其是必需氨基酸) 相似文献
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1氨基酸配比与猪日粮营养的关系
动物对饲料中蛋白质的吸收程度取决于饲料中必需氨基酸赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸和色氨酸的配比．因为这些氨基酸在猪体内不能合成。如果动物日粮中缺乏上述任何一种营养，都会影响新陈代谢．并降低动物的生产性能． 相似文献
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<正> 通过添加氨基酸降低饲料中的蛋白质含量是一个重要的研究课题。在日本,在肉鸡、蛋鸡和猪饲料中广泛利用赖氨酸、蛋氨酸,起到了节省蛋白质资源的作用。最近色氨酸也开始应用在仔猪人工乳中。在鸡饲料中,第一限制氨基酸多是蛋氨酸,第二限制氨基酸是赖氨酸;在猪的配合饲料中,第一限制氨基酸是赖氨酸,第二、第三限制氨基酸是色氨酸和苏氨酸,添加使用这些限制性 相似文献
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[目的] 建立微波水解—氨基酸自动分析仪快速测定饲料中色氨酸含量的方法。[方法] 以奶牛全混合日粮饲料（TMR）为研究对象,通过单因素试验和正交试验筛选微波碱水解最佳条件,联合氨基酸自动分析仪LCAK06/Na（4.6 mm×150 mm）色谱柱分离及快速测定饲料中色氨酸含量。[结果] 水解温度是影响饲料色氨酸含量的最主要因素。微波碱水解测定饲料中色氨酸含量的最佳条件是：水解温度170 ℃、水解时间30 min、碱浓度5 mol/L,通过氨基酸自动分析仪测定TMR饲料色氨酸含量为0.14%。色氨酸在0.025~0.600 μmol/mL峰面积与浓度线性关系良好,相关系数（r）为0.999 7。定量限（LOQ）为0.05%,色氨酸回收率93%~104%,精密度RSD为3.58%。[结论] 该方法高效、准确,检测结果与国家标准《饲料中色氨酸的测定》（GB/T 15400—2018）中的常规碱水解法对比无显著差异,对于饲料中色氨酸含量测定具有参考价值。 相似文献
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关于5-羟色氨(5-HT)对采食量的影响已有几十年的研究历史。机体内的5-HT主要是以必需氨基酸色氨酸(Trp)作为前体物,在大脑和肠道中合成,并在机体中发挥重要的作用。5-HT无法直接透过血-脑屏障,因此中枢神经系统和外周5-HT作为两个相对独立的系统各自发挥作用。目前,已有大量的研究表明中枢5-HT的多种受体以不同的方式调控动物采食,主要有5-HT1A、5-HT1B、5-HT2A、5-HT2C、5-HT3A、5-HT4、5-HT5A、5-HT6和5-HT7。例如,现在临床上被批准使用的抗肥胖药物氯卡色林就是一种5-HT2C受体激动剂。此外,中枢5-HT还可以协同胰高血糖素样肽-1、饥饿素和胆囊收缩素等外周激素共同调控动物采食行为。外周5-HT也能够通过介导胰高血糖素样肽-1和胆囊收缩素来诱导饱腹感。畜禽生产中主要通过在饲料中添加Trp来增加动物体内5-HT的合成。但目前对于Trp对畜禽采食量的调控机制的研究尚不完善,且有研究表明,不同浓度的Trp对动物采食量的影响不同,不同畜禽饲料中最适Trp的浓度也不同。而Trp主要是通过其代谢产物5-HT来调控动物采食。作者查阅了大量国内外最新的研究成果,从中枢和外周两个途径对5-HT调控动物采食行为的研究进展作一综述,期望通过对Trp的代谢产物5-HT对动物采食调控机制的探讨,为Trp在畜禽生产中的应用提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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Limiting amino acids in an 11% crude protein corn-soybean meal diet for growing pigs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Three experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that methionine, isoleucine, valine or nitrogen either singly or in combination are limiting in an 11% crude protein, lysine-tryptophan-threonine-supplemented, corn-soybean meal diet for growing pigs. A 16% crude protein diet was used as a positive control in each experiment and all amino acid additions were made, at a minimum, to equal requirements. Average initial weights were 21.3 kg, 23.0 kg and 19.1 kg in Exp. 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The experiments averaged 4 wk in duration. In Exp. 1 and 2, neither the addition of glutamic acid as a source of nitrogen, nor methionine to the 11% diet resulted in any improvement (P greater than .20) in rate or efficiency of growth. Addition of the combination of isoleucine and valine to the 11% diet resulted in an increase (P less than .05) in both growth rate and feed efficiency to a level not different (P greater than .20) from that of the pigs consuming the positive control diet. The addition of valine to the 11% crude protein diet with supplemental lysine, tryptophan and threonine (Exp. 3) caused an improvement in daily gain (P less than .05) but not feed efficiency (P greater than .10). Isoleucine addition tended to reduce pig performance. The results of these experiments suggest that an 11% crude protein, corn-soybean meal diet fortified with lysine, tryptophan and threonine is not limiting in sulfur amino acids or nitrogen. Valine may be the only limiting amino acid. 相似文献
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J. Hyldgaard-Jensen R. Cmiljani&#x; Inger Wegger R. Andri&#x; 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1976,17(2):113
Contrary to blood serotonin the level of free and total tryptophan is distinctly influenced by feed intensity and composition. Piglets show a considerably higher plasma free tryptophan and blood serotonin content than adult pigs, just as boars possess a significantly higher blood level of tryptophan and serotonin than sows. A pronounced individual variation of blood serotonin and a much less variable content among littermate pigs provide evidence that blood serotonin is genetically controlled. Tryptophan is readily absorbed and distributed in a characteristic manner among investigated organs and tissues. A genetical control of blood serotonin and its possible relation with type of reaction exhibited by ergometer exercised pigs support the influence of tryptophan and serotonin on the ability of pigs to withstand controlled environmental conditions such as physical exercise. 相似文献
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Carcasses and organs of 36 broiler chicks originating from an extensive fattening experiment with differing proportions of tryptophan (0.65 and 0.93 g/16 g N) to the neutral amino acids (15.2, 18.3 and 22.0 g/16 g N) in feed were analyzed for amino acid contents. Aside from the whole carcasses, a selected muscle (M. fibularis longus), liver, small intestine, and brain were prepared from the animals and analyzed. The organ weights differed according to the live-weights with the exception of the brain, where no group differences were measured. The patterns of amino acids of carcasses and organs remained nearly constant with differing amino acid supply. The only remarkable effect was the increase of the proportions of proline and hydroxyproline in the carcass protein from 6.4 to 7.4 and from 1.6 to 1.8%, respectively, with the higher tryptophan supply indicating increasing proportions of connective tissue. No relationship between weight gain and collagen content (calculated from hydroxyproline content) could be detected. The frequently supposed antagonism between tryptophan and the neutral amino acids, especially at the border of blood and brain, caused no reduction in tryptophan content of brain with increasing supply of neutral amino acids. There was, however, a significant depression of the development of the animals and the other inner organs. 相似文献