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对从青海省海西州诺木洪林场草滩地采集获得的野生子实体进行鉴定,该野生子实体为中国美味蘑菇(Agaricus sinodeliciosus),并对其分离纯化菌株进行生物学特性和驯化研究。研究结果表明,该菌株菌丝在PDA培养基(200g马铃薯,17g葡萄糖,17g琼脂粉,1000mL水)上长势较好,生长快,日生长速度为(1.755±0.1)mm/d;菌丝生长的最适温度为25℃,培养基初始pH为8.0;使用棉籽壳培养料(61%棉籽壳,26%发酵牛粪,9.8%麸皮,0.8%石灰,0.8%石膏,0.8%过磷酸钙,0.8%轻质碳酸钙)栽培,覆土17d后即可出菇,子实体为白色伞状,单菇重(72.00±1.22)g。 相似文献
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金针菇有许多名称,根据子实体的菌盖形似铜钱大小、菌柄上有绒毛,故名毛柄金钱菇;因它常发生于构树的枯枝上,故又名构菌;它耐低温多在寒冷的冬季出菇,所以也称“冬菇”;因菌柄形状及色泽极似金针菜,故名金针菇(商品名)。经过人工栽培选育菌柄、菌盖均为白色,故名白金针菇,实为银针菇。银针菇在香港、日本、深圳等地市场供不应求。银针菇与其它菌类 相似文献
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从采集自云南省临沧市的野生子实体上分离纯化获得菌株YAASM4210,采用形态学法结合ITS序列分子法鉴定为花脸香蘑(Lepista sordida)。对该菌株生物学特性进行研究并对其栽培料进行筛选。试验结果表明:该菌株菌丝生长的最适温度、培养基pH、光照条件、碳源和氮源分别为25℃、6.0~7.0、黑纸包裹、可溶性淀粉和蛋白胨。该菌株在4号配方培养料(40%新鲜牛粪,20%草坪粉,20%米糠,18%木屑,1%蔗糖和1%石膏)上生长优于其它参试培养料:菌丝萌发(2d)、封口(12d)、满袋(40d)以及子实体的采收(9d)均用时最短,头潮菇产量最高(每袋21.1g),但覆土后出菇时间(42d)最长。相对于野生子实体,人工栽培子实体菌盖的紫色减弱,采收后紫色消失较快。 相似文献
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猪肚菇(Clitocybe maxima)又名大杯蕈、大柄伞、笋菇、大漏斗菇等,子实体群生或单生,淡黄色,肉质肥厚,菇柄粗,口感如竹笋般清脆、如猪肚般滑腻,故而得名。猪肚菇营养丰富,其菌盖中含粗蛋白26.4%,纯蛋白含量高达18.5%,子实体蛋白质含量与香菇、金针菇相当,高于木耳、松 相似文献
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采用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)-二极管阵列检测器(PDA)和液相二级质谱(LC/MS/MS)方法测定多菌灵在添加浓度范围分别为0.025~1 mg/kg和0.05~10 mg/kg 时在糙皮侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus)子实体和培养料中的残留量,结果表明：多菌灵在子实体和培养料中的平均添加回收率分别为93%~99%、93%~101%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均为3%~6%。在0.1%、0.3%多菌灵有效成分用量下拌料施用后,糙皮侧耳第一和第五潮菇(菇柄、菇盖和全菇)中多菌灵残留量分别为0.089~0.077、0.533~0.485 mg/kg,低于欧盟关于多菌灵在新鲜菇类中的最大残留限量标准。多菌灵在子实体各个部位的富集能力由强到弱为菇脚>菇柄>全菇>菇盖。培养料中多菌灵的消解符合一级动力学模型,菌袋部位、菌丝和灭菌对培养料中多菌灵消解均有影响：菌袋上部(距离栽培袋底部22 cm处)的培养料中的多菌灵消解快,半衰期33 d短于中部(距离栽培袋底部11 cm处)的36.47 d和下部的63 d;培养料中菌丝生长有利于多菌灵消解,高压灭菌(0.1 Mpa 压力下,121℃灭菌2 h)可以有效地促进农药消解。灭菌后降解率达91.8%和85.9%,未灭菌时培养料中多菌灵含量基本稳定。 相似文献
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二、子实体病害1.子实体侵染性病害 子实体侵染性病害依病原分为细菌病害、真菌病害、病毒病害。前两种病害经常发生且危害严重(见表1)。2.子实体生理病害(1)CO2中毒 在其他条件基本正常的情况下,若出现出菇难、不出菇、出菇不整齐,或出菇后子实体畸形的情况,如:平菇菌盖向上反卷呈勺状,展开受限,边缘波浪状;灵芝只长菌柄,不长菌盖,菌柄分支形似握,保证空气对流畅通、新鲜。(2)水分供应失衡 培养料含水量超过70 %,因得不到足够的O2,菌丝代谢能力降低或死亡,导致菌柄基部软腐,大量死菇;培养料含水量低于50 %,子实体因得不到足够的水分而… 相似文献
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<正>浙江省缙云县舒洪镇(海拔153 m)从2000年开始有菇农尝试反季节覆土栽培香菇(即地栽香菇),以后栽培量逐渐增加。2012年缙云县舒洪镇菇农中60%在冬菇栽培季节之余,利用反季节覆土栽培技术地栽香菇,菌棒总数达188万段,该年全镇冬菇菌棒总数383万段,地菇和冬菇数目比约1:2。一年中冬、夏(地)菇套种,既提高了菇棚的利用率,又增加菇农经济效益。2012年,由于市场销售渠道等方面原因,冬菇(2011年冬至2012年春)价格低下。据调查,平均每段总收入不到2元,为多年来不曾有过的低价,而地菇平均每 相似文献
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1磐安杏鲍菇的生长条件1.1营养杏鲍菇是一种分解纤维素、木质素能力较强的食用菌。浙江省县杏鲍菇生产以木屑、棉籽壳作为栽培的主要原料,辅料选用麸皮、石膏粉、石灰,所用配料要求新鲜,未受潮。1.2温度杏鲍菇菌丝生长最适温度为24~25℃,出菇最适温度是14~16℃。应考虑其生长适宜温度从高到低的特点,根据各地海拔高度安排生产季节(磐安县为8月下旬~10月中旬)。温度过低或过高都难以形成子实体。杏鲍菇不同于其它菌类的是,第一批菇蕾若未能正常形成,将影响到第二潮菇的正常出菇,且温度高易导致已成形的子实体萎缩死亡。1.3湿度杏鲍菇菌丝生长阶段要求培养料含水量63%~65%,以手捏培养料有水渗出但不滴下为宜。菌丝培养时空气相对湿度要求60%左右;子实体的形成、发育和生长阶段,空气相对湿度要求各为95%和85%~90%。1.4光线杏鲍菇菌丝生长阶段不需要光照,但子实体的形成、发育和生长阶段需要散射光,一般以在菇棚内可以看清5号字的报纸为准。1.5空气杏鲍菇各生长阶段均需要氧气,但是在菌丝生长阶段,培养室内积累一定量的二氧化碳,反而能促进菌丝的生长;而子实体的形成、发育和生长阶段需要充足的氧气,否则菌盖难以形成,易出现畸形菇... 相似文献
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对采自西藏自治区日喀则市高海拔地区的野生双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)进行驯化。结果表明:试验范围内,西藏野生双孢蘑菇的最适母种固体培养基配方为200.0g去皮马铃薯、20.0g葡萄糖、3.0g蛋白胨、1.0g KH_2PO_4、0.5g MgSO4、20.0g琼脂、1.0L水、pH自然,菌丝生长速度最快为0.21cm/d。最适原种培养基配方为93%麦粒、5%牛粪粉、1%石膏、1%石灰,原种的生长周期是28d。在栽培试验中,子实体的单位面积产量是8.71kg/m~2及平均单菇重47.56g,子实体颜色以浅褐色为主。 相似文献
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人工授粉对永嘉早香柚果实发育与贮藏品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
永嘉早香柚是浙江温州地方名柚,具单性结实能力,可在无授粉品种混植时结无籽果,也可经人工授粉处理形成有籽果。研究表明,未授粉果实具有无籽优势,但糖酸指标则逊于授粉果。正常采收期(花后165d)未授粉果实果肉可溶性糖含量比授粉果低4.72mg/gFW,而果汁pH低0.07。75d贮藏期间果肉可溶性糖含量无明显变化,而果汁pH趋于上升,授粉果果汁pH上升0.29而未授粉果仅上升0.19。授粉果实在45d贮藏期间未发生明显枯水,而且不溶性膳食纤维含量下降38.10%,而未授粉果实贮藏期间易发生枯水,贮藏45d后枯水指数达0.5,不溶性膳食纤维含量上升至2.33mg/gFW,为同期授粉果实的2.56倍。未授粉果实枯水发生前期汁囊组织出汁率无明显下降而严重枯水(贮藏45d)时下降至64.08%(贮藏前为75.70%)。人工授粉显著改善了永嘉早香柚果实品质。 相似文献
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The individual growth rates of the first five tomato fruits on 25 trusses of similar age within a crop grown in commercial glasshouse conditions were assessed from anthesis to ripening during April and May. Final size of fruit at ripening was proportional to the maximum rate of increase in fresh weight, about 40 d after anthesis, and related to the maximum rate of increase in diameter, between 15 and 20 d after anthesis, even though ripe fruit fresh weight varied from 20 g to over 100 g. On any one truss these fruit ripened within the same week, regardless of fruit size and prevailing growth rate. These findings suggest that final size was related to the peak fruit growth rate rather than the duration of development. A high growth rate late in development did not delay fruit ripening. The implications for recent continuous measurements of the diameter growth rate in young fruit are discussed. 相似文献
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P. D. Drogoudi C. G. Tsipouridis G. Pantelidis 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):505-509
SummaryThe effects of light, moderate, or heavy thinning (5, 10, or 20 cm between fruit, respectively), conducted before (7 d or 15 d), during, or after (7 d or 15 d) pit hardening (PH), on the incidence of split pits, fruit yield, fruit quality characteristics, and leaf mineral contents, were studied in the canning peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch.) cultivar ‘Andross’ over two growing seasons. The percentage of fruit with split pits increased by 58.2% in heavily-thinned trees compared with moderately- or lightly-thinned trees, and by 22.9% for the earliest time of thinning (15 d before PH) compared with thinning during, or after PH. Fruit fresh weight (FW) was greater in moderately- and heavily-thinned trees compared with lightly-thinned trees, but yields were similar among the different crop-load treatments. The latest time of thinning (15 d after PH) also had a negative impact on yield at first harvest and on total yield, fruit FW, and delayed fruit ripening compared to thinning during, and 15 d before PH. Total anti-oxidant capacities and phenolic contents were usually greater in fruit from heavily-thinned compared with lightly- or moderately-thinned trees only when thinning was conducted during, or 15 d after PH. Moreover, anti-oxidant levels were highest in fruit from the earliest-thinned trees. There was no significant effect of crop load, or of time of thinning application treatment on fruit colour, or on the K, P, Fe, Mn, and Cu contents of leaf tissues. In conclusion, light or moderate thinning during PH resulted in minimal split pits during processing, and in optimal yields and fruit quality characteristics in the canning peach cultivar ‘Andross’. 相似文献
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Effects of bagging on fruit development and quality in cross-winter off-season longan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wei-Hai Yang Xiao-Chuan Zhu Jian-Hua Bu Gui-Bing Hu Hui-Cong Wang Xu-Ming Huang 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009
Clusters of cross-winter off-season longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour) cv. Chuliang were bagged with three types of bags: perforated translucent plastic bag (TPB), white adhesive-bonded fabric bag (WAFB) with about 70% light transmittance, and black adhesive-bonded fabric bag (BAFB) with <10% light transmittance. Bagging treatments began at 34 days after anthesis and continued until harvest. The results showed that bagging modified the microenvironment for fruit development. Bagging with TPB was most effective in increasing humidity, and air moisture within TPB maintained above 90% from 2 weeks after bagging. Bagging with BAFB or WAFB increased humidity most of the time, and the effect was more prominent when the weather was very dry (RH < 60%). All bag types tended to increase temperature and promoted fruit development, resulting in larger sized fruit. Bagging tended to promote early fruit drop but reduced late fruit drop, and the final fruit retention rate was not significantly affected by bagging. Bagging with different materials showed differential effects on incidence of fruit cracking. WAFB and BAFB reduced cracking incidence significantly as compared to the control (5.1% and 11.6% vs 32.8%). Sugar content was not significantly affected by bagging but organic acids including vitamin C (Vc) were considerably affected. Concentration of malic acid, the dominant organic acid in longan aril, was 605.6, 830.0, 1161.0 and 1428 μg/g FW in TPB, BAFB, WAFB and the control. Vc in the aril was significantly reduced by BAFB (108.4 μg/g FW), slightly increased by WAFB (183.9 μg/g FW) and significantly increased by TPB (264.5 μg/g FW) as compared with the control (174.7 μg/g FW). Pericarp of fruit bagged with TPB had a slightly higher content of Vc (1337 μg/g FW), while those bagged with BAFB (873.6 μg/g FW) and WAFB (787.4 μg/g FW) had significantly lower Vc contents than the control (1243 μg/g FW). The responses of oxalate and Vc contents in the aril and the pericarp to bagging treatments showed an opposite trend. The results suggested that WAFB increased fruit size and fruit retention rate while significantly reduced fruit cracking incidence and could be a promising practice for cross-winter longan production. 相似文献