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1.
覆盖对设施栽培灵武长枣生长和果实品质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为提升设施栽培灵武长枣的果实品质,促进其营养生长,以8年生设施栽培灵武长枣为材料,采用碎石、白色地膜、黑色地膜行内覆盖枣树树盘,测定不同覆盖处理下的植株枣吊、叶面积等营养生长指标和果实单果质量、可溶性糖含量、有机酸含量、VC含量等果实品质指标,并进行比较分析。结果表明,覆盖黑色地膜的枣吊长净增长量比对照增加了78.02%。白色地膜覆盖处理的叶绿素含量净增长量比对照提高了34.19%,叶面积净增长量比对照增加了23.68%。3种覆盖处理的果实单果质量均高于对照,其中碎石和黑色地膜覆盖单果质量增长较大,其单果质量与对照相比均增加了15.78%。覆盖碎石和黑地膜覆盖还可提高果实可溶性糖的含量。综上所述,覆盖处理有利于促进设施灵武长枣营养生长与果实营养品质,建议在生产中推广应用黑色地膜覆盖。  相似文献   

2.
【目的】通过喷施不同外源激素,研究其对灵武长枣果实主要营养品质和外观品质的影响,以提高灵武长枣的品质,为灵武长枣提质增效栽培实践提供科学依据。【方法】以6年生灵武长枣为研究对象,在枣树坐果以后分别喷施脱落酸(ABA100 mg/L)、乙烯(ETH100 mg/L)、赤霉素(GA330 mg/L)、茉莉酸甲酯(Me JA50 mg/L)、生长素(IAA100 mg/L)水溶液,调查分析喷施外源激素对灵武长枣果实的色泽、大小及营养品质的影响。【结果】喷施不同外源激素对灵武长枣果实的主要营养品质和外观品质有不同影响。1)喷施外源激素GA3、ABA、IAA后,果实风味变得更甜,其中喷施GA3后果实蔗糖含量提高3.41%,喷施ABA后,果实葡萄糖含量提高7.03%;喷施ETH后果实果糖含量提高17.15%。喷施外源激素GA3、ABA、IAA、MeJA可降低灵武长枣果实有机酸的含量,其中喷施MeJA后果实有机酸含量降低46.80%。2)喷施ABA后果实中维生素C含量显著提高1.44%;喷施ETH后果皮中花青苷含...  相似文献   

3.
【目的】探究灵武长枣两种光泽度果实,即高光泽度果实(S果)和低光泽度果实(R果)的光泽度及外形特征性状关系的差异,为灵武长枣优质高效栽培提供参考与指导。【方法】采集6、9和12 a生灵武长枣的两种光泽度果实(S/R果)作为试验材料,测定其光泽度、单果质量、果实横纵径、果实硬度、果皮厚、果肉厚、核纵横径、单核质量、可食率和含仁率等果实外形特征性状,并对其进行了比较和相关性分析。【结果】1)3个树龄的R果的单果质量、果实横纵径、果皮厚、核纵横径、含仁率均极显著大于S果的(P <0.01),其中6、9和12 a生灵武长枣R果的含仁率分别是S果的28.04、15.49、14.99倍,并且R果的光泽度极显著小于S果的(P <0.01),仅为S果的63.1%～67.1%,R果的果肉厚、单核质量均显著大于S果的(P <0.05);12 a生的R果的可食率最小,且9、12 a生的均显著小于同年份的S果的可食率;2)不同树龄灵武长枣,于高光泽度果实(S果)而言：在光泽度、单果质量、果实横纵径、果实硬度、果肉厚、核纵径、单核质量、可食率在树龄上存在显著差异(P <0.05);于低光...  相似文献   

4.
不同浓度的矮壮素对‘骏枣’枝梢生长及果实品质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
【目的】为了控制枣树的旺长,科学调节其营养生长和生殖生长的关系,为红枣生产中合理利用矮壮素提供参考依据。【方法】以6年生‘骏枣’为试材,就喷施低浓度(100 mg/L)、中浓度(133 mg/L)、高浓度(200 mg/L)的矮壮素对‘骏枣’枝梢生长及果实品质的影响情况进行试验,调查不同浓度矮壮素处理的枣吊长度、节间长度、叶片数与结果性状指标(枣吊结果数、单果质量、制干率)和枣果品质指标(可溶性固形物、总酸、总糖、维生素C的含量)。【结果】喷施不同浓度的矮壮素都可以不同程度地抑制其枝梢的旺长,提高果实品质。喷施矮壮素60 d后,3个浓度的矮壮素处理与对照间枣吊增长量和叶片数都呈极显著性差异,其枣吊增长量的大小顺序为CK(喷清水)低浓度(100 mg/L)中浓度(133 mg/L)高浓度(200 mg/L);矮壮素处理的叶片数,中浓度处理与低浓度、高浓度处理间均呈显著性差异;高浓度和低浓度处理的单果质量与对照的相比分别高13.03%和8.19%,且与对照间均呈极显著性差异;高浓度处理的制干率最高,与对照间呈极显著性差异;枣果的酸度和Vc含量受矮壮素的影响最大,其变异系数分别为8.79%与19.81%。就品质指标而言,喷施高浓度矮壮素的效果最佳,明显地提高了枣果中的Vc含量,降低了枣果的酸度,提高了枣果的品质。【结论】喷施200 mg/L的矮壮素的效果最佳,能够促进叶片和果实的生长,显著抑制骏枣枣吊的生长,缩短枣吊的节间长度,增多枣吊结果数,增加单果质量,提高枣果中的Vc含量,降低枣果的酸度,提高枣果的品质。  相似文献   

5.
【目的】为灵武长枣施肥管理提供参考。【方法】以灵武长枣Ziziphus jujuba cv. Lingwuchangzao为研究对象,采用单因素随机区组设计,设置4个腐植酸有机肥施用水平,分析不同处理之间叶片氮素含量、叶绿素相对含量、净光合速率、叶绿素荧光参数及果实品质的差异。采用主成分分析法对各处理的施肥效果进行综合评价。【结果】与对照相比,施用腐植酸有机肥显著提高了叶片铵态氮的含量,增加了6.07%～8.08%;叶绿素相对含量和净光合速率随着施肥量增加而提高,由高到低依次均为T3、T2、T1、CK;施肥后,Fm、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、ETo/RC、RC/CSm、ETo/CSo、φEo、IP有不同程度的升高,Fo、ABS/RC、D  相似文献   

6.
环剥与环割处理对冬枣生长结果及果实品质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以8年生冬枣为试材,研究不同时期环剥与环割对冬枣生长结果及果实品质的影响,旨在为改进枣树的栽培技术和提高枣树的产量与枣果质量提供理论依据。结果表明:主干环剥及主枝环割适宜在盛花期即开花30%~50%时进行,可明显提高冬枣果实及花序坐果率,提高产量;环剥与环割后果实的维生素C、总酸、总糖和可溶性固形物含量提高;环剥处理后的枣果总糖含量较环割处理高,硬度较环割处理低,果实品质更好;盛花后期即开花60%~80%进行环剥与环割,可提高枣果纵横径及单果质量,促使果实膨大,所以在栽培中可结合盛花期进行环剥、环割后,在盛花后期根据树势情况进行2次环剥、环割处理;木质化枣吊的坐果率、可溶性固形物含量、平均纵横径和单果质量均高于脱落性枣吊,说明在生产中应注意培养木质化枣吊,这是提升枣果产量及品质的有效方法。  相似文献   

7.
为调控枣花芽分化,为丰产栽培提供理论指导,以鸡蛋枣、以色列1号枣、以色列3号枣、引-10枣、中秋酥脆枣5个枣品种为试材,采用纤维素酶法、电镜扫描、琼脂培养法对其进行花粉量、花粉形态、花粉萌发特性的研究。结果表明:(1)5个枣品种单药花粉量为311~1 115,其中以色列3号枣的花粉量最少,中秋酥脆枣的花粉量最多;(2)5个枣品种的花粉形态为长椭圆形或细长椭圆形,具3条狭长萌发沟,极端不汇合,表面为网状雕纹;(3)不同品种花粉萌发对培养基中硼酸及蔗糖浓度具有选择性,以色列1号枣、引-10枣、鸡蛋枣的最适硼酸质量浓度为10.0 mg/L,以色列3号枣、中秋酥脆枣的最适硼酸质量浓度分别为30.0、50.0 mg/L。引-10枣、鸡蛋枣的最适蔗糖质量分数分别为20%、15%,以色列3号枣、中秋酥脆枣的最适蔗糖质量分数为10%。以色列1号枣在各种培养条件下,平均萌发率为2.04%,属于雄性高度不育品种。  相似文献   

8.
为提高枣果实品质和经济效益,以阿克苏骏枣为试验材料,对6月10日(Ⅰ)、6月20日(Ⅱ)、6月30日(Ⅲ)、7月10日(Ⅳ)、7月20日(Ⅴ)5个坐果时间骏枣的商品果率和果实品质进行比较。结果表明,不同时间坐果骏枣的商品果率、外观品质、制干品质和可溶性糖含量均存在显著差异,果实品级和商品果率随坐果时间延后逐渐降低,等外果率逐渐上升,各坐果时间按照商品果率由大到小排序依次为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ。随坐果时间延后,果形指数、果肉厚度和果肉质量逐渐减小,果实干物质量、单果质量、果形指数、制干率逐渐降低。坐果时间Ⅰ和Ⅱ的果实香气浓、色泽好,且果实饱满,品质优于Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ。坐果时间Ⅰ和Ⅱ的果实制干品质优于Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ。坐果时间Ⅱ的果实可溶性糖含量均高于其他时期的含量,之后逐渐降低。因此,在生产上采用人工调控措施增加坐果时间Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期果的产量,可提高骏枣果实的品质和商品价值。  相似文献   

9.
灵武长枣土壤养分与果实品质间的相关性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
通过探讨灵武长枣种植基地土壤养分与果实品质之间的相关关系,为种植基地合理施肥、提高肥料利用效率提供理论依据。采集灵武长枣种植基地土壤与果实样品各45份,测定土壤养分与果实品质指标,采用多元统计分析方法,筛选影响果实品质的主要土壤养分因子。结果表明:灵武长枣种植基地土壤有机质含量与N、P、K等养分含量呈正相关,与果实单果质量、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、VC含量也呈正相关。不同土壤养分与果实品质间的相关系数不同,其中灵武长枣果实单果质量与土壤全氮、速效钾呈正相关;可溶性固形物含量与有机质、有效铁、有效钙呈正相关;可定滴酸含量与碱解氮呈正相关,与全磷、有效锰、有效钙、有效镁呈负相关;可溶性糖含量受全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有效铁、有效锰、有效钙、有效铜、有效镁及全盐的共同作用;VC含量与有机质、全氮、有效锰、有效钙呈正相关,与全磷呈负相关。灵武长枣果实品质受多个土壤养分因子影响,其中有机质含量是主要影响因子,建议在生产中通过增施有机肥、提高土壤有机质来提高果实品质。  相似文献   

10.
叶面喷肥对紫叶矮樱生理特性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了研究不同元素叶面喷肥对紫叶矮樱生理特性的影响,试验对紫叶矮樱进行过磷酸钙(浓度1‰)、硫酸钾(浓度0.80‰)、磷酸二氢钾(浓度1‰)叶面喷肥处理,以喷清水为对照。结果显示:硫酸钾处理紫叶矮樱其叶绿素a、b、总叶绿素含量分别比对照降低了15.2%、22.5%、17.3%,差异显著;喷施过磷酸钙和硫酸钾处理类胡萝卜素含量与对照无显著差异,磷酸二氢钾处理显著低于其他处理;喷施硫酸钾处理花色素苷含量显著高于其他处理,叶面喷肥各处理可溶性糖含量均显著高于对照;各处理叶片内氮含量无显著差异,喷施硫酸钾处理磷元素含量最低,但钾元素含量最高;过磷酸钙和磷酸二氢钾处理显著提高了叶片的蒸腾速率,硫酸钾处理与对照无显著差异。表明:叶面喷施硫酸钾降低了叶绿素含量,但能提高类胡萝卜素和花色素苷含量,对蒸腾作用无显著影响。而喷施过磷酸钙和磷酸二氢钾虽然对叶片叶绿素含量无显著影响,但能提高其蒸腾速率。  相似文献   

11.

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.  相似文献   

12.

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.  相似文献   

13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

14.

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.  相似文献   

15.

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.  相似文献   

16.
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered.  相似文献   

17.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。  相似文献   

18.

The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions.  相似文献   

19.
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract

Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists.  相似文献   

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