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《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(10)
为了探讨不同品种接穗对油茶高接换冠后树体生长和果实品质的影响,评价高接换冠效果,以4个油茶良种‘华硕’、‘华金’、‘华鑫’和‘湘林XLC15’作为接穗,测定了高接换冠后油茶成活率、新稍生长量、果实产量及经济性状。结果表明:4个不同品种接穗嫁接后成活率达80%以上,其中以油茶良种‘华鑫’的嫁接成活率最高(为91%);新稍长度由高到低依次为:‘华金’‘华硕’‘湘林XLC15’‘华鑫’,新稍粗度大小依次为:‘华硕’‘华金’‘湘林XLC15’‘华鑫’;4个接穗品种中‘华硕’的单果质量最大,其质量分别是‘华金’、‘华鑫’、‘湘林XLC15’的1.15、1.04和1.84倍;平均单株产量最高的是‘华鑫’为5.94 kg。其次是‘华硕’为5.87 kg;出籽率最高的是‘华鑫’,含油率最高的是‘华金’;单株产量与果径、果高、干出籽率以及单果重均呈显著正相关,说明果形、出籽率、单果重是判定油茶产量的重要指标。综上所述,采用上述4个品种进行高接换冠后,显著提高了油茶产量和果实品质,可促进油茶效益的提高。 相似文献
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油茶小苗嫁接技术试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了嫁接方式、嫁接时间、砧木、接穗等因素对油茶小苗嫁接成活率和抽梢率的影响。结果表明:各因素对小苗嫁接的成活率和抽梢率的影响明显;铝皮包扎方法的抽梢率达34.1%,显著高于嫁接膜包扎的抽梢率,且嫁接效率高;嫁接高度越低越有利于嫁接成活和抽梢,3 cm嫁接高度的成活率和抽梢率分别达76.4%和24.6%;嫁接时间对抽梢率的影响较大,嫁接时间越早,抽梢率越高;1年生砧木的嫁接成活率达87.0%,明显高于2年生砧木的嫁接成活率,但抽梢率较2年生砧木低;不同砧木品种及不同接穗品种和物种间的嫁接成活率和抽梢率的差异显著或极显著。采用切接、铝皮包扎嫁接口、低嫁接高度和1年生砧木进行油茶小苗嫁接,能达到较好的育苗效果。 相似文献
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以"云油茶9号"油茶品种为试验材料,研究了不同嫁接方法、嫁接时间、接穗处理、遮阴材料和砧木径粗对高原山区油茶高接换种成活率、新梢生长量及新梢发枝量的影响。结果表明:在高原山区特定的生态条件下,采用切接法,在春季(2月中下旬至3月中旬)嫁接,以棕皮作为遮阴材料,选取砧木嫁接口径粗3.01-5.00cm的砧木部位,接穗用清水随泡随用处理,其嫁接成活率最高,新梢生长量及发枝量也较大,是适宜云南省广南县油茶高接换种推广应用的最佳方案。该研究结果为高原山区油茶高接换种提供理论依据和技术指导。 相似文献
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油茶高接换种快速培育茶梅大苗的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
试验表明，嵌合芽接法与劈接法是油茶高接换种快速培育茶梅大苗的好方法，两种方法的嫁接成活率均在70%以上，砧木的大小对嫁接成活率有显著影响，砧木直径在8cm以上且生长较弱时，其嫁接成活率显著降低；劈接法成活接穗的生长速率显著高于嵌合接法成活接穗的生长速率。 相似文献
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以普通油茶作砧木和接穗进行大树嫁接换冠,研究不同嫁接条件对油茶接穗成活及生长的影响。结果表明:砧木年龄、嫁接时期、接穗保存时间对接穗成活有显著影响,断砧高度对接穗成活没有显著影响;砧木年龄、断砧高度、嫁接时期对接穗新梢长度有显著影响,接穗保存时间在接穗成活后对新梢长度没有显著影响。选择20 a砧木+25～50 cm断砧高度+6月上旬+采穗当天嫁接,最有利于提高油茶的嫁接成活率和新梢长度。 相似文献
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以慈溪野生杨梅为砧木,由上一年从山上挖掘,培植1a后实行劈接法高接换种,砧木直径3～11cm不等.结果表明,不同粗度砧木平均嫁接成活率(嫁接后15d调查)为84.2%,嫁接保存率(嫁接后1a调查)75.2%.以砧木直径3～5 cm和5～7 cm的嫁接成活率与保存率为最高,分别达到87.5%、81.3%和84.4%、78.1%;东魁杨梅与野生砧的亲和力最强,荸荠种次之,白杨梅最弱;砧木粗度越大则愈合速度越慢;不同品种接穗高接亲和力越大,则生长势越强.高接后一般第3年开始少量结果,第4年有一些产量. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
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Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):139-149
Mean age, mean and top heights and yield were studied in 20 mixed stands of birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth) and Picea abies (L.) Karst. and nine mixed stands of birch and Pinus sylvestris L. in south-eastern Norway. Each mixed stand and the adjacent pure coniferous stand (control) were growing under the same site conditions and had not been commercially thinned. There were no significant differences in mean age at breast height or in top heights between birch and conifers in the mixed stands, while mean height was significantly higher for birch than for spruce. A growth index was calculated based on total volume and age at breast height. For the spruce sites the growth in young mixed stands (birch < 17 m) was superior to that of pure spruce, while the difference was insignificant in older stands. The growth index correlated positively with the ratio between generatively and vegetatively regenerated birch trees, and negatively with the age of the oldest species in the mixture and with site quality. For the pine sites there was no significant difference in the growth index between mixed birch-pine and pure pine stands. A mixture effect of birch on the volume yield of spruce or pine could not be demonstrated. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):150-157
An outbreak of the needle-shortening pine gall midge, Thecodiplosis brachyntera , occurred on Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris (L.) and lodgepole pine, P. contorta (Dougl.) in central Sweden during 1995-1998. The larval feeding of T. brachyntera kills current-year needles and heavy infestation causes severe defoliation. A pattern of fluctuating defoliation among years and sites was found on both pine species. Defoliation was evenly distributed in the crown of P. sylvestris during years of high as well as low infestation; apical whorls had as much defoliation as basal whorls. In P. contorta , however, there was a tendency for defoliation to be concentrated on branches in the most apical whorls. Growth ring increments on P. sylvestris with high levels of defoliation (71%) did not differ from trees with moderate levels (26%) of defoliation. Shoot lengths were significantly shorter, however, on heavily infested trees the year after defoliation. 相似文献