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1.
林地覆盖对于促进油茶果实生长、提高油茶果实产量具有重要意义。该研究对稻草覆盖(A1)、无纺布覆盖(A2)、薄膜覆盖(A3)以及无覆盖(CK)等不同处理下的油茶果实生长变化及其产量进行了分析。结果表明:覆盖可以有效促进油茶果高、果径的生长,提高果实体积及果实产量,不同覆盖材料中稻草覆盖对果实生长的影响最大,观察期末的果高、果径、果实体积及果实产量分别比无覆盖高4.7%、9.7%、16.85%和51.8%。 相似文献
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《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2019,(8)
为研究不同覆盖处理对油茶细根时空分布动态的影响,采用微根管(minirhizotron)动态监测技术,以‘长林4号’油茶林为试材,设置了黑地膜、油茶壳、花生秆+稻草、生态膜以及对照(无覆盖)5种处理,对林地0～40 cm土壤剖面的油茶细根进行了为期1 a的观测。结果表明:3月和6—7月为油茶细根的生长高峰期,油茶细根根长密度和根表面积密度在黑地膜处理下于3月出现最大值,而在花生秆+稻草处理下于7月出现最大值。花生秆+稻草处理增加了总根尖数、总根长以及根总表面积在10～20 cm土层和20～30 cm土层的比例,生态膜处理增大了细根现存量分布在0～10 cm土层比例。花生秆+稻草处理显著增大油茶细根现存量的作用均体现在每个土层中,生态膜处理对0～10 cm土层的细根现存量促进作用相对其它土层较大,而黑地膜处理对10～40 cm土层的细根现存量有较大的促进作用。0～10 cm土层中的油茶细根直径经4种覆盖处理下都较对照处理有所减小。3月和6—7月是油茶细根生长旺期,花生秆+稻草处理对油茶细根现存量的促进作用最佳,黑地膜次之。 相似文献
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油茶象危害油茶果实的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
对福建省闽侯桐口国有林场油茶杂交试验林果实的果径、果高、果重、籽重(种仁重)以及果实受害率等进行测定,分析油茶象对油茶果的危害情况。结果表明:在调查的油茶林分中,株受害率为94.7%,平均虫果率为14.7%;健康果平均果径为3.01 cm,显著地大于虫果的2.86 cm;健康果平均果高为3.05 cm,显著地高于虫果的2.84 cm;健康果平均果重为16.8 g.个-1,极显著地大于虫果的果重;健康果籽重为6.2 g.个-1,极显著地大于虫果籽重4.8 g.个-1;结果表明:油茶象的危害严重影响了油茶果的生长和油茶的产量。 相似文献
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《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(10)
为了探讨不同品种接穗对油茶高接换冠后树体生长和果实品质的影响,评价高接换冠效果,以4个油茶良种‘华硕’、‘华金’、‘华鑫’和‘湘林XLC15’作为接穗,测定了高接换冠后油茶成活率、新稍生长量、果实产量及经济性状。结果表明:4个不同品种接穗嫁接后成活率达80%以上,其中以油茶良种‘华鑫’的嫁接成活率最高(为91%);新稍长度由高到低依次为:‘华金’‘华硕’‘湘林XLC15’‘华鑫’,新稍粗度大小依次为:‘华硕’‘华金’‘湘林XLC15’‘华鑫’;4个接穗品种中‘华硕’的单果质量最大,其质量分别是‘华金’、‘华鑫’、‘湘林XLC15’的1.15、1.04和1.84倍;平均单株产量最高的是‘华鑫’为5.94 kg。其次是‘华硕’为5.87 kg;出籽率最高的是‘华鑫’,含油率最高的是‘华金’;单株产量与果径、果高、干出籽率以及单果重均呈显著正相关,说明果形、出籽率、单果重是判定油茶产量的重要指标。综上所述,采用上述4个品种进行高接换冠后,显著提高了油茶产量和果实品质,可促进油茶效益的提高。 相似文献
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为给油茶林地土壤水分管理和节水灌溉提供技术支撑,以6年生长林4号油茶林为试验材料,设置自然状况、干旱胁迫、干旱覆盖这3个处理措施,就不同土壤水分管理措施对油茶果实、花苞、叶片解剖结构的影响情况进行了试验研究。结果表明:在自然状况、干旱胁迫、干旱覆盖这3种处理下,油茶果高、果径、花径、花高的生长量间均存在极显著差异;在自然状况及干旱覆盖处理下,油茶叶片各解剖结构参数与不同深度土层的土壤含水率间均呈弱相关;在干旱胁迫处理下,油茶叶片解剖结构中的下表皮及叶片总厚度与不同深度土壤含水率间均呈中度相关(0.5r0.8)。在自然状况下,不同深度土层的土壤含水率与油茶果径、花径、花高生长量间均呈弱相关,而与其果高生长量呈中度负相关(0.5r0.8);在干旱胁迫与干旱覆盖处理下,其花径、花高与4种深度的土壤含水率间均呈高度负相关(0.8r1.0);在干旱覆盖处理下,其果径与4种深度土层的土壤含水率间均呈中度负相关(0.5r0.8);在干旱胁迫处理下,其果高与4种深度土层的土壤含水率间均呈中度正相关(0.5r0.8)。 相似文献
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针对当前江西油茶老林改造与低效林提质增效的迫切技术需求，在江西省都昌县与丰城市分别设立M1、M2、M3、M4四种综合改造措施试验，结果表明：(1)各改造措施均提高了老油茶林和低效油茶林单果质量与产量。四种措施下老油茶树的单果重增长4.26%～48.07%,低效油茶树的单果重增长3.75%～149.20%;老油茶树的株产增长8.51%～64.27%;低效油茶林株产增长123.76%～329.56%。(2)老油茶林与低效林分别采用M2、M3措施后，果高、果径和果实体积的提升效果最明显；老油茶林的鲜出籽率、干籽含油率、鲜果含油率均在M3措施下达到最高，分别较CK高32.99%、70.10%和80.50%;低效林的鲜出籽率、干籽含油率、鲜果含油率分别在M3、M1、M3措施下达到最高，分别较CK增加34.46%、45.55%和85.98%。(3)油茶老林改造采用M2措施隔株截杆、内膛修剪、树蔸深挖垦复后施有机肥10 kg·株-1、3月施尿素0.25 kg·株-1、11月施硼肥0.15kg·株-1的综合措施；而低效林改造应用M3措施... 相似文献
7.
在浙江红花油茶主要分布区广泛设点采样,对其果实的形态变异及其性状之间的相关性进行了研究.结果表明:浙江红花油茶果实在产地间及产地内均存在着显著的差异,6个产地果实总体变异幅度最大的是果实质量(变异系数CV为42.07%),其次是果高(变异系数CV为15.79%)和果径(变异系数CV为14.77%),果实的高径比的变异幅度最小(变异系数CV为10.14%),产地内变异幅度较大的仍是果实质量,变异幅度较小的是高径比;不同产地果实果高与果径呈紧密线性相关,即随着果实果高的增大果径也随之增大,各个产地果实的果高和果径与果实质量均达到极显著线性相关关系,果实的高径比与单果质量则没有一致的相关关系. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献