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1.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2002,95(3):193-201
Two-year-old branches of Pyrus communis L. were classified into groups according to the proleptic (from dormant buds) branching habit, indirectly quantifying the degree of apical control. In winter 1998 upright and flat, 2-year-old branches were randomly sampled from trees of seven pear cultivars, i.e., Forelle (on Quince A and BP1 rootstocks), Abaté Fetel, Flamingo, Packham’s Triumph, Golden Russet Bosc, Rosemarie and Beurre D’Anjou on BP1 rootstock. For each branch the length and position of the 1-year-old shoots on the 2-year-old axis was determined. Laterals were classified according to length (<1, 1–5, 5–20 and >20 cm) and position (distal to proximal quadrants on the 2-year-old axis); 16 classes in total. The number of shoots per length class per cm quadrant length for each cultivar was subjected to a cluster analysis, then a canonical and a stepwise discriminant analysis. The cultivars were grouped into four groups from group 1 (‘Flamingo’), which resembles a spurred growth habit with strong apical control, to group 4 (‘Packham’s Triumph’ and ‘Golden Russet Bosc’), which resembles a spreading growth habit and weak apical control. Groups 2 and 3 were intermediate. The gravimorphic influences on the branching habit were investigated. 相似文献
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3.
Shoot cultures were established from nodal explants of 3 pear cultivars by subculture on Murashige and Skoog medium containing mixtures of 3 cytokinins. Zeatin and 6·(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino)purine were both supplied at 10 μM and benzyladenine as follows: ‘William's Bon Chrétien’, 6 μM; ‘Packham's Triumph’, 8 μM; ‘Beurré Bosc’, 10 μM. Production of axillary shoots was greater by basal explants (4–6) comprising the remnants of the previous subculture than by apical explants (2–3) comprising the distal parts of extension shoots. Up to 80% of microcuttings of all cultivars formed roots in vitro with either γ-indolebutyric acid, 10 μM, or α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 10 μM, and approximately 50% of rooted microcuttings were successfully established as container-grown plants. Use of aseptic methods for producing own-rooted pears is discussed in relation to fruit growing and fruit improvement. 相似文献
4.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2005,103(3):289-303
In a 2-year field study, strawberry cvs. ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Korona’ were exposed to three different levels of NaCl salinity supplied as aqueous solutions characterised by electrical conductivities of 0.3 dS/m, 2.6 dS/m, and 5.1 dS/m. Salinity in the rhizosphere reduced plant growth by up to 44% in ‘Korona’ and 90% in ‘Elsanta’. A rather distinct cultivar difference represented the reduction in leaf area per plant of 85% in the second year of experiment in ‘Elsanta’ compared to 29% in ‘Korona’. Strawberry can be regarded as a Na+ excluder, because Na+ content of both strawberry cultivars remained below 3 mg g−1 dry mass at all salinity levels. Cl− content increased considerably, up to 70 mg g−1 dry mass in ‘Korona’ and 80 mg g−1 dry mass in ‘Elsanta’ plants. ‘Korona’ retained most of its Cl− in roots and crowns, whereas in ‘Elsanta’ the maximum was detected in petioles. ‘Korona’ was able to accumulate up to 33% higher Cl− content in the roots than ‘Elsanta’. Macronutrient deficiency due to NaCl salinity was not observed and in comparison to ‘Elsanta’, higher Cl− content in roots of ‘Korona’ did not coincide with an impairment of macronutrient uptake. Salinity stress reduced fruit yield by up to 27% in ‘Korona’ and 64% in ‘Elsanta’. Fruit quality, characterised as taste, aroma, and texture by a consumer-type panel, decreased by more than 24% in ‘Elsanta’, but in ‘Korona’ differences were insignificant. Total soluble solids (Brix) and the ratio Brix/TA (TA, titratable acid) decreased significantly by about 20% in ‘Korona’ and 35% in ‘Elsanta’. To summarise, the ability of ‘Korona’ to retain Cl− in the root system more effectively than ‘Elsanta’ resulted not only in a 41% lower leaf Cl− content at the highest salinity level and a better growth under NaCl stress, but also in a relatively higher fruit yield and fruit quality. 相似文献
5.
《International Journal of Fruit Science》2013,13(4):77-91
Abstract The optimum leaf number required for normal fruit growth in the regular bearing mango cultivar ‘Amrapali’ and the biennial bearing cultivars ‘Chausa’, ‘Dashehari’ and ‘Langra’ were studied by isolating individual fruits with known numbers of supporting leaves by shoot girdling at the time of fruit set. There were significant differences in the leaf area (249.01-1817.10 cm2), fresh weight (7.0-77.0 g) and dry weight (3.7-50.0 g) of leaves on shoots having 30, 20, 10 and 5 leaves as compared with control in different cultivars. In both types of cultivars, there was a progressive reduction in fruit size in terms of total fruit, pulp, peel, and seed weight with decreasing numbers of supporting leaves, however, a minimum reduction (2.4%) in fruit growth in ‘Amrapali’ was noticed with 30 supporting leaves. A nonsignificant difference in photosynthetic rate with varying number of leaves was found but its efficiency in leaves was higher in ‘Amrapali’ as compared with biennial bearing cultivars. Starch accumulation in the leaves was reduced by shoot girdling. The stomatal resistance of the leaves of girdled shoots was comparable with that of leaves on control shoots. In all the cultivars except ‘Amrapali’ it was observed that 30 leaves, the maximum retained on a shoot, could not support the growth of a single fruit to normal size. The data on rate of photosynthesis in different pool size of leaves and fruit growth in girdled and nongirdled shoots clearly show that fruit development depends not only on the current assimilates but also to a great extent on reserves. A 14CO2 feeding experiment showed a higher rate of carbon fixation in the leaves of girdled shoots than in the control shoots, but the translocation of 14C assimilated to the developing fruits on the girdled and control shoots was comparable. The results also indicated that developing fruits are major sinks for current photosynthates as more than 60 percent of the 14C exported from the treated leaf was found in the fruit in all instances. 相似文献
6.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2005,104(3):237-247
In order to initiate cell and embryo suspensions, embryogenic calluses derived on NN solid medium with 2,4-D and BA from petioles of in vitro grown plants of three interspecific grapevine hybrids were cultured in three versions of liquid NN medium: (1) without growth regulators, (2) 0.1 mg l−1 IAA and (3) 0.5 mg l−1 BA. Cell and embryo suspensions were incubated two and three times in these versions of liquid media in various combinations. Incubating suspensions two times in hormone-free media and/or with 0.1 mg l−1 IAA led to formation of globular embryos in the three cultivars studied and small numbers of heart-stage embryos in ‘Podarok Magaracha’ and ‘Intervitis Magaracha’. Numerous heart-stage embryos developed in ‘Intervitis Magaracha’ and ‘Podarok Magaracha’ when the suspensions had been initiated in medium with 0.5 mg l−1 BA, and in ‘Bianca’ this was achieved after two incubations in the above medium. Torpedo-stage embryos were formed after subculturing heart-stage embryo suspensions in medium with 0.1 mg l−1 IAA in all study cultivars. If only small numbers of embryos of a certain developmental heart- or torpedo- stage were formed, such cell and embryo suspensions need to be repeatedly subcultured in liquid medium with specific growth regulators to enable this process. 相似文献
7.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2004,101(3):243-253
Experiments to test the effectiveness of prohexadione–Ca as a growth inhibitor in apple trees have been carried out for 3 years in the Middle Ebro Valley (Spain). Also, effects on fruit quality and flower initiation were evaluated. The application of 100–400 mg l−1 of prohexadione–Ca between 12 and 30 days after full bloom (DAFB) to ‘Smoothee Golden Delicious’/M9 apple trees resulted in the inhibition of shoot growth, the effect increasing with concentration, and a greater inhibition was obtained when the trees were first sprayed 12–20 DAFB. A second spray was usually needed to avoid a regrowth of the shoots. The effectiveness of the second application was related to the concentration applied and the date of the first spray. The relative increase in trunk-cross-sectional area was not affected by the growth inhibitor. No negative effects on yield and fruit quality were found except for a reduction of soluble solid content. Flower initiation in the following year was not affected. Concentrations of 100–200 mg l−1 applied shortly after full bloom should be recommended, bearing in mind that a second application might be necessary 6–8 weeks later. 相似文献
8.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2005,106(2):247-257
Changes in the levels of chlorophyll a and b and their derivatives, and chlorophyllase activities were compared in the pericarp of ‘Feizixiao’ (slow-degreening) and ‘Nuomici’ (fast-degreening) litchis (Litchi chinensis Sonn.). Cluster bagging and growth regulators were used to regulate the degreening process of ‘Feizixiao’. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of chlorophyllide a, pheophorbide a and pheophytin a as chlorophyll derivatives in litchi pericarp. Loss of chlorophylls in ‘Feizixiao’ pericarp was slower than that in ‘Nuomici’ pericarp. The concentrations of chlorophyll a and b in the pericarp of ‘Feizixiao’ were significantly higher than those in ‘Nuomici’ during fruit maturation, whereas the chlorophyll derivatives in the former were noticeably lower than in the latter. Chlorophyllase activity increased as chlorophylls diminished. Chlorophyllase activity peaked around the colour-break in ‘Nuomici’, being much higher than that in ‘Feizixiao’. Both cluster bagging and treatment with abscisic acid (ABA, 200 mg l−1) or jasmonic acid (50 mg l−1) significantly decreased the chlorophyll content and increased the chlorophyllase activity and the anthocyanin level. In fruit treated with 6-benzyl aminopurine (6-BA, 100 mg l−1) the degradation of chlorophylls was delayed, with concomitant decrease of chlorophyllase activity and anthocyanin level. These results imply that chlorophyllase is the crucial factor in the regulation of the chlorophyll loss in the pericarp. 相似文献
9.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2004,99(2):187-197
Differences in ethylene sensitivity among carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cultivars were evaluated using a time-lapse video recording system. Measurement of time to petal inrolling of ‘White Sim’, ‘Nora’, ‘Chinera’, and line 64-54 flowers subjected to a range of 1–20 μl l−1 ethylene showed that 10 μl l−1 was the optimum concentration for sensitivity evaluation with our video system. With this system we found clear differences in ethylene sensitivity among 10 cultivars and one line. ‘Candy’, ‘Pallas’, ‘Chinera’, and line 64-54 had lower ethylene sensitivities than the other seven cultivars. Line 64-54 had the longest ethylene response time (20.6 h to start of petal inrolling). Video monitoring is a simple and accurate way of evaluating ethylene sensitivity. We have also used the system to study changes in the ethylene sensitivity of carnation flowers after anthesis. We were able to detect a shift in responsiveness to ethylene that was impossible to detect by previous methods. In the Sim-type carnation cultivars tested (‘White Sim’, ‘Scania’, ‘U Conn Sim’, and ‘Nora’), ethylene sensitivity after anthesis decreased significantly with age in both early-cut and late-cut flowers. These results clearly showed that decline of ethylene sensitivity is caused by the increasing physiological age of flowers. Ethylene sensitivity after anthesis decreased with age in normal Sim-type carnations in the same way as in long-vase-life variants such as ‘Sandrosa’. 相似文献
10.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2005,105(4):467-474
The effect of diurnal maximum/minimum (20/10 or 25/15 °C) temperatures on seed and fruit development of ‘Irwin’, ‘Kensington’ and ‘Nam Dok Mai’ mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) was studied in a controlled-environment glasshouse. Exposure to low temperatures (20/10 °C day/night) 3 days after hand pollination significantly increased the percentage of stenospermocarpic fruit (nubbins), in which embryos were aborted at some stage during early fruit development. There were significant differences between cultivars in the percentage of nubbins produced out of the total fruit set following overnight exposure to 10 °C with 21% for ‘Nam Dok Mai’, 11% for ‘Kensington’ and 3% for ‘Irwin’. At 45 days after pollination, nubbin fruits were much smaller in size and weighed ca. 50% less than normal fruits. The lower percentage of nubbin fruits in ‘Irwin’ implies a greater adaptation to cool temperatures by this cultivar during fruit set and early embryo development. 相似文献
11.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2001,88(4):277-287
In vitro induction of tetraploid ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and its pollen fertility and germinability were investigated. The growth of shoot tip cultures on agar MS medium containing 2.0 mg l−1 BA was greater than that of similar cultures in liquid MS medium with the same BA concentration. In liquid medium, the combinations of 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg l−1 BA with 0.05 mg l−1 NAA tended to enhance the growth of the cultures. The efficiency of tetraploid induction was assessed by treating shoot tip explants on agar or in liquid MS medium containing 2.0 mg l−1 BA, 0.05 mg l−1 NAA, and 0.2% (w/v) colchicine for 4, 8, 12, and 14 days. The total number of tetraploids induced on solid medium was 18, but only five in liquid medium. On both media, the colchicine treatment for 8 days gave the maximum level of tetraploid induction. Therefore, it was found that the treatment of shoot tip explants on agar medium containing 2.0 mg l−1 BA, 0.05 mg l−1 NAA, and 0.2% (w/v) colchicine for 8 days was the most efficient way of inducing tetraploid ginger. Induced tetraploid strains, ‘4× Kintoki’, ‘4× Sanshu’, and ‘4× Philippine cebu 1’, had higher pollen fertility and germinability than the diploid counterparts, i.e., in the diploid strains, pollen fertility ranged from 0.3 to 6.2% and the germination rate from 0.0 to 0.1%, while in the tetraploid strains, pollen fertility ranged from 27.4 to 74.2% and the germination rate from 4.8 to 12.9%. 相似文献
12.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2001,88(2):107-120
Methyl jasmonate (MJ) and CMN-pyrazole alone and in combination were applied to ‘Hamlin’ and ‘Valencia’ orange trees (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) in seven separate experiments in the 1998/1999 and 1999/2000 growing seasons to induce abscission of mature fruit for mechanical harvesting. MJ alone significantly reduced fruit detachment force (FDF) of ‘Hamlin’ oranges at concentrations of 10 mM and higher. However, MJ at 20 and 100 mM caused significant defoliation. For ‘Hamlin’ oranges, the most effective treatments were those combining 10 mM MJ and 50 mg l−1 CMN-pyrazole, and 20 mM MJ and 25 mg l−1 CMN-pyrazole. ‘Valencia’ oranges did not respond to 10 mM MJ treatments alone or in combination with CMN-pyrazole, and required MJ at 20 mM in combination with CMN-pyrazole to loosen this late-maturing variety to below 50 N, but excessive defoliation occurred. 相似文献
13.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2005,104(1):11-24
Leaf CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance (gs), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), chlorophyll (a + b) content, specific leaf weight (SLW) and stomatal density were measured during the season, under field conditions, for five major Greek olive cultivars, ‘Koroneiki’, ‘Megaritiki’, ‘Konservolia’, ‘Lianolia Kerkiras’, and ‘Kalamon’, with different morphological and agronomic characteristics and diverse genetic background. Measurements were taken from current-season and 1-year-old leaves, and from fruiting and vegetative shoots, throughout the season, from March to November in years 2001 and 2002. CO2 assimilation rates showed a substantial seasonal variation, similar in all cultivars, with higher values during spring and autumn and lower values during summer and late autumn. Stomatal conductance (gs) followed similar trends to leaf CO2 assimilation rates, increasing from March to July, following by a decrease during August and increasing again in autumn. ‘Koroneiki’ had the highest leaf CO2 assimilation rate and gs values (21 μmol m−2 s−1 and 0.45 mol m−2 s−1, respectively) while ‘Lianolia Kerkiras’ and ‘Kalamon’ showed the lowest leaf CO2 assimilation rate and gs values (13–14 μmol m−2 s−1 and 0.22 mol m−2 s−1, respectively). One-year-old leaves had significantly higher leaf CO2 assimilation rate than current-season leaves from April to June, for all cultivars. From August and then, leaf CO2 assimilation rate in current-season leaves was higher than in 1-year-old leaves. There were no significant differences in leaf CO2 assimilation rate between fruiting and vegetative shoots. Total chlorophyll (a + b) content increased with leaf age in current-season leaves. In 1-year-old leaves chlorophyll content increased in spring, then started to decrease and increased slightly again late in the season. Chlorophyll content was higher in 1-year-old leaves than in current-season leaves throughout the season. Total specific leaf weight (SLW) increased throughout the season for all cultivars. Stomatal density in lower leaf surface was lowest for ‘Koroneiki’ (399 mm−2) and highest for ‘Megaritiki’ (550 mm−2). Our results showed differences in leaf CO2 assimilation rate among the five different olive cultivars, with a diverse genetic background, ranging from 12 to 21 μmol m−2 s−1. From the five cultivars examined, ‘Koroneiki’, a drought resistant cultivar, performed better and was able to maintain higher leaf CO2 assimilation rate, even under high air vapor pressure deficit. All cultivars had a pronounced seasonal variation in leaf CO2 assimilation rate, affected by date of the year, depending on ambient conditions. The high temperatures and high air vapor pressure deficit occurring during summer caused a reduction in leaf CO2 assimilation rate in all cultivars. Leaf CO2 assimilation rate was also affected by leaf age for all cultivars, with old leaves having significantly higher leaf CO2 assimilation rate than young leaves early in the season. 相似文献
14.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2005,104(1):25-36
We studied the effects of Fe deficiency on physiological parameters of citrus rootstocks grown in nutrient solution. Three 4-week old rootstocks (‘Troyer’ citrange – Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf., Citrus taiwanica Tan. and Shim., and ‘Swingle’ citrumelo – Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. × Citrus paradisi Macf.) were grown in nutrient solutions with 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 μmol Fe dm−3. Calcium carbonate (1 g dm−3) was added to all solutions to mimic the natural conditions in calcareous soils. For each rootstock, shoot length, number of leaves, and root and shoot dry weights were measured at the end of experiment. Chlorophyll concentration was estimated using a portable SPAD-502 meter calibrated for each rootstock. The amount of nutrients (P, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu) was determined in shoots. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (F0: basal fluorescence; Fm: maximum fluorescence; Fv = Fm − F0: variable fluorescence) were measured with a portable fluorimeter. ‘Troyer’ citrange rootstock was the most tolerant to Fe deficiency. These plants grew more and accumulated more chlorophyll and nutrients than the others in the presence of low levels of Fe (10 μmol Fe dm−3). ‘Swingle’ citrumelo plants needed 20 μmol Fe dm−3 in the nutrient solution to secure adequate growth. ‘Taiwanica’ orange rootstock had an intermediate behaviour, but could be distinguished from ‘Troyer’ citrange based on fluorescence parameters, since there was a variation in the basal fluorescence in the former, whereas in ‘Troyer’ citrange the basal fluorescence was not affected by the supply of Fe. 相似文献
15.
《Scientia Horticulturae》1986,29(3):221-228
Three cultivars of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. ‘Honey Dew’, ‘TAM-Dew’ and ‘TAM-Uvalde’) were seeded and grown under four different soil-temperature regimes. Internode length, leaf area and total shoot dry weight increased with the addition of supplemental soil heating in all cultivars. ‘TAM-Uvalde’ was more responsive to changes in soil temperatures than the other cultivars. Stem growth as measured by dry weight was favored over leaf growth in all cultivars subjected to warmer soil temperatures. Female flowering and fruit set of only one cultivar, ‘TAM-Uvalde’, were accelerated by elevating the soil temperature. 相似文献
16.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2005,104(3):265-273
In Japan, artificial pollination is practiced to improve fruit set as well as fruit size and to obtain perfect round shapes in ‘Housui’ (S3S5) Japanese pear and most commercial cultivars that present gametophytic self-incompatibility. The period of artificial pollination application is limited by environmental conditions and the availability of a labor force. The present study aimed to determine if pre-pollination applications of putrescine (1.0 and 0.01 mM) positively affect fruit set in ‘Housui’ after hand-pollination. During 2002 and 2003, fruit set in late pollinated flowers increased with pre-pollination putrescine applications and concentrations of 1.0 mM had a better effect than 0.01 mM. In vitro pollination tests revealed that higher pollen germination was present in the stigmas of flowers sprayed with 1.0 mM of putrescine compared to the controls. Putrescine application did not affect post-pollination ethylene production in the styles. Moreover, in the styles of non-treated flowers, an increment of putrescine content and ethylene production after pollination was found, suggesting post-pollination responses and confirming the lack of antagonism between polyamines and ethylene at least during this process. 相似文献
17.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2005,107(1):36-42
In clayey and calcareous soils without a stable irrigation and fertilization system, the type of rootstock can particularly affect both the vegetative and productive properties of ‘Suncrest’ peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) plants, and the qualitative and nutritional attributes of their fruit. The GF677 rootstock (P. persica × Prunus amygdalus) promoted the highest vegetative development, followed by Julior (Prunus insistitia). The ‘Suncrest’ on Ishtara [(Prunus cerasifera × P. persica) × (P. cerasifera × Prunus salicina)] and Barrier1 (P. persica × Prunus davidiana) had lower, but similar, plant vigour, but the latter rootstock differed in its higher production of pruned wood. The lowest adaptability to these cultivation conditions was observed for ‘Suncrest’ grafted onto Citation (P. persica × P. salicina), which showed the lowest plant development and production. For the plant yield, the ‘Suncrest’ grafted onto GF677, Julior, Ishtara, and Barrier1 were all similar. The fruit yield and both the canopy volume and pruned wood of ‘Suncrest’ grafted onto Ishtara showed a particular relationship, giving the best indices of yield efficiency and plant physiological equilibrium. Moreover, the same rootstock promoted the largest fruit size, while the smallest fruit were found on GF677 rootstock. The fruit from the Citation ‘Suncrest’ ripened 3 days early, while those from Barrier1 had a late fruit ripening. Firmness, soluble solids and the soluble solids to total acidity ratio were only affected slightly by the different rootstocks, while the total acidity of the fruit varied significantly according to rootstock; the fruit from ‘Suncrest’ grafted onto Barrier1, Julior, and Citation had the highest total acidities. The rootstock effects on the nutritional attributes of the fruit were relevant. The ‘Suncrest’ on Julior and GF677, followed by Ishtara, produced fruit with the greatest antioxidant activities and total phenolic contents. The ‘Suncrest’ on Citation and, especially, Barrier1 had reduced nutritional values of the fruit. The variations in antioxidant activities and total phenolic contents showed a positive correlation. 相似文献
18.
E.K. Chacko Y.T.N. Reddy T.V. Ananthanarayanan 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):483-492
The optimum leaf number: fruit ratio in various mango cuitivars was sought by isolating individual fruits with known numbers of supporting leaves by shoot girdling. 14CO2 feeding experiments showed a higher rate of carbon fixation in the leaves of girdled shoots than of control shoots but the translocation of 14C assimilates to the developing fruits on the girdled and control shoots was comparable. Starch accumulation in the leaves was reduced by shoot girdling. The stomatal resistance of the leaves of girdled shoots was comparable to that of leaves on control shoots. In all the cuitivars studied it was observed that 30 leaves, the maximum available on a shoot, could not support the growth of a single fruit to normal size. The results also show that fruit development depends not only on the current assimilates but also to a great extent on reserves. The utilization of reserve metabolites from vegetative organs during the ‘on’ year could be a contributing factor towards biennial and erratic bearing. 相似文献
19.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2001,87(3):217-224
Potted bougainvillea ‘Purple Flower’ and ‘Taipei Red’ in four different stages of bract development were sprayed with STS (0.1, 0.5 mM) or NAA (25, 50 ppm) and were moved to low-light indoor conditions after treatment. The experiment was conducted twice, and the results showed that 0.5 mM STS and NAA (25, 50 ppm) could significantly prolong the longevity of bracts at certain stages in both cultivars. Treatment with 0.1 mM STS, however, had no effect on bract longevity of ‘Taipei Red’ at any stage. The prolonging effect of STS was more obvious in early bract stages and decreased as the bract stage increased, whereas NAA applications at later bract stages produced better results on prolonging bract longevity. The ethylene production rates of bracts in these two cultivars were higher in early stages and gradually decreased with bract growth. We propose that this phenomenon is related to the variability between STS and NAA in prolonging bract longevity of bougainvillea. 相似文献
20.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2005,103(3):351-359
Bulb scales of Lilium oriental hybrid ‘Casablanca’ were cultured on MS medium supplemented with cytokinins (kinetin, BA (benzyladenine), TDZ (thidiazuron)). The basal part of bulb scales swelled and formed adventitious shoots with foliage small, leafy bulb scales and abnormally swollen basal plates on the media with cytokinins. Shoots were formed rapidly from the basal parts of bulb scales and became shoot clusters. The medium containing 2.2 μM BA was most favorable in the shoot formation from bulb scales. Cutting shoots into small segments (7–8 mm wide × 12–15 mm length) were cultured on media containing BA and IAA (indole acetic acid) and the segments regenerated many new shoots and formed shoot clusters. The shoot section to shoot cluster cycle method improved adventitious shoot proliferation. The media supplemented with 4.4 μM BA and 5.7 μM IAA. or 8.9 μM BA and 0.6–2.9 μM IAA were effective in allowing the proliferation of shoots from shoot segments under light condition. Sucrose and activated charcoal (AC) improved bulblet growth. Bulblet growth was effectively performed on MS medium containing 60 g/L sucrose. Bulblet growth was also improved by the supplement of AC. The medium with 2.0 g/L AC was most effective for bulblet growth. Normal bulblet growth was stimulated more by the culture of shoots than that of bulb scales. Bulblet weight from shoots reached to an average of over 1100 mg of a bulblet after 3 months in culture on MS medium containing 60 g/L sucrose and 2 g/L AC. Most of the bulblets produced by this method generated stems with several leaves in the green house, after cold treatment at 5 °C for 3 months. 相似文献