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1.
Carmina Gisbert Jaime Prohens María D. Raigón John R. Stommel Fernando Nuez 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011
We propose the utilization of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) interspecific hybrids derived from crosses with closely related species as an approach for developing new improved rootstocks for eggplant. Here we investigate rootstock effects on fruit yield, apparent quality and proximate and mineral composition of S. melongena ‘Black Beauty’ (BB) scions grafted on interspecific hybrid rootstocks developed from crosses of S. melongena with Solanum incanum L. (SI × SM) and Solanum aethiopicum L. (SM × SA). The results are compared with non-grafted (BB control) and self-grafted (BB/BB) controls and with S. melongena ‘Black Beauty’ scions grafted onto Solanum torvum Sw. (STO) and Solanum macrocarpon L. (SMA) rootstocks. All treatments were grown in a soil naturally infested with root-knot nematodes (mostly Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood). SI × SM and SM × SA interspecific hybrids had high germination (≥90%) and total graft success (100%). Contrary to what occurred with all other treatments, no plants from scions grafted onto these hybrid rootstocks died during the experiment. In particular, the SI × SM hybrid rootstock conferred the highest vigour to the scion, which resulted in the highest values for fruit earliness and early and total yield. Little difference was observed among treatments for apparent fruit quality traits, except for a greater fruit calyx length and prickliness of fruit grafted onto SMA rootstocks. A similar result was obtained for fruit composition where phenolics content was higher in fruit from plants grafted onto SMA rootstocks. Grafting eggplant onto interspecific eggplant hybrids, especially on the SI × SM hybrid, has proved advantageous for eggplant production, as the high vigour and good compatibility of the rootstock with scion results in improved early and total yield without negative effects on apparent fruit quality or composition. Interspecific hybrids represent an alternative to the commonly used STO rootstock, which is a wild species with irregular germination. 相似文献
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Cornelius Senf Elizabeth M. Campbell Dirk Pflugmacher Michael A. Wulder Patrick Hostert 《Landscape Ecology》2017,32(3):501-514
Context
Forest insect outbreaks are influenced by ecological processes operating at multiple spatial scales, including host-insect interactions within stands and across landscapes that are modified by regional-scale variations in climate. These drivers of outbreak dynamics are not well understood for the western spruce budworm, a defoliator that is native to forests of western North America.Objectives
Our aim was to assess how processes across multiple spatial scales drive western spruce budworm outbreak dynamics. Our objective was to assess the relative importance and influence of a set of factors covering the stand, landscape, and regional scales for explaining spatiotemporal outbreak patterns in British Columbia, Canada.Methods
We used generalized linear mixed effect models within a multi-model interference framework to relate annual budworm infestation mapped from Landsat time series (1996–2012) to sets of stand-, landscape-, and regional-scale factors derived from forest inventory data, GIS analyses, and climate models.Results
Outbreak patterns were explained well by our model (R 2 = 93%). The most important predictors of infestation probability were the proximity to infestations in the previous year, landscape-scale host abundance, and dry autumn conditions. While stand characteristics were overall less important predictors, we did find infestations were more likely amongst pure Douglas-fir stands with low site indices and high crown closure.Conclusions
Our findings add to growing empirical evidence that insect outbreak dynamics are driven by multi-scaled processes. Forest management planning to mitigate the impacts of budworm outbreaks should thus consider landscape- and regional-scale factors in addition to stand-scale factors.4.
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建立了以紫红线茄下胚轴为外植体的高效转基因体系。利用该方法,以获得茄子SmARF8基因RNA干涉转基因植株为目的,构建了以NPTⅡ基因为筛选标记的融合表达载体pCAMBIAI 35S-2300-SmARF8-INT,并通过农杆菌介导,侵染茄子下胚轴外植体。含有2 mg · L-1吲哚乙酸,0.5 mg · L-1玉米素,25 mg · L-1卡那霉素和500 mg · L-1头孢氨苄的MS选择培养基可直接诱导外植体产生转基因分化苗,再生率达到80%。转基因苗继续生长并在不含激素的MS培养基上产生健壮根系,最终获得转基因株系。RT-PCR和qRT-PCR分析验证了T0代转基因株系中内源基因SmARF8被干涉后不表达或表达量降低,Southern blot分析显示选择的T0代转基因株系中存在1个T-DNA插入拷贝。以上研究结果表明利用建立的转基因体系SmARF8基因在茄子中被成功敲除。 相似文献
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Two eggplant cultivars, Dilnasheen and Bemisal, were selected to assess whether pure GB and sugarbeet extract could effectively ameliorate the harmful effects of salt stress on eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), under saline conditions. Salt stress markedly suppressed the growth, yield, photosynthetic capacity, internal CO2 level, transpiration, and stomatal conductance in both cultivars. Potassium (K+) and Ca2+ contents and K+/Na+ ratios of both root and leaf were also reduced, while GB and proline in leaves, and Na+ and Cl− contents in roots and leaves were significantly enhanced. Exogenously applied glycinebetaine and sugarbeet extracts significantly counteracted the salt-induced adverse effects on growth, yield, various gas exchange characteristics, GB and leaf K+, Ca+, Cl− and Na+. However, GB and sugarbeet extract showed differential effects on photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration, internal CO2 level, Ci/Ca ratio, leaf K+, Ca2+, and Cl− contents, and K+/Na+ ratio. Sugarbeet extract proved better than the GB in improving growth, photosynthetic rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance, yield and GB accumulation. Since, sugarbeet extract contains a substantial amount of GB along with a variety of other important nutrients so it was found as effective as pure GB in improving growth and some key physiological processes in eggplant under salt stress. Thus, it can be used as an alternative cheaper source of GB for its use as an ameliorative agent for protecting plants against the hazardous effects of salt stress. 相似文献
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J. K. Pal M. Singh M. Rai S. Satpathy D. V. Singh 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):434-438
SummaryEggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an important fruit vegetable, commercially cultivated in the tropics and subtropics. However, the most serious constraint on eggplant production is damage caused by eggplant shoot and fruit borer (ESFB). The development of resistant transgenic plants, using an insecticidal crystal protein gene, is an available crop protection option. A Cry1Ac gene obtained from the National Research Center for Plant Biotechnology (NRCPB), New Delhi, India, was transformed via Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer into an improved inbred line of eggplant (IVBL-9). Hypocotyls proved to be the most effective and suitable explants, with a transformation frequency of 17.3% and 2.9 shoots per explant. PCR and Southern blot analyses confirmed the presence of a single copy insertion of the Cry1Ac gene in seven independent transgenic plants. The insertion of a single copy of the gene was also confirmed by segregation analysis of T1 seed from T0 plants. ELISA analyses revealed the presence of the Cry1Ac protein, and quantitative estimates confirmed significant levels of Cry1Ac protein (2.46 – 4.33 ng ml–1 leaf extract) expressed in all seven transformed plants. High levels of expression of this insecticidal protein resulted in significant larval mortality and in the reduced growth of any surviving larva on transformed eggplant tissue. 相似文献
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Thilo C. Fischer Stefan Martens Mickael Malnoy Henning Schacht Werner Dierend 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2014,56(3):89-94
Hybrids of apple and pear have been bred and described before, however no vital and fertile ones were found which could have been used for pome fruit breeding. Lately, the authors studied the putative hybrid bred by M. Zwintzscher in the eighties at genetic, physiological, and phenotypical levels and found it to be a true hybrid. Unlike other reports on such hybrids, this one allowed breeder H. Schimmelpfeng in the nineties to yield an offspring of five F2 plants from it as maternal plant. The F2 plants are meanwhile flowering and regularly set fruits. Three of the sister F2 lines seem to possess potential as cultivars. These vital and fertile hybrids offer the opportunity to combine various parts of the pear genome with the apple genome by classical breeding, introducing new genetic factors into the latter and enabling breeding with these. With such partial genomes of pear non-host-resistances of pear against specific apple pathogens like apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) or new genes for biosynthesis of aroma compounds could be introduced by crosses. A new project to establish such a F3 generation is presented here. 相似文献
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茄子不同群体结构光合特性、干物质分配及其对产量的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
以嫁接茄子为试材, 采用4. 1 、4. 8 、5. 5 万株·hm- 2 3 种密度和双杆整枝、自然整枝, 在日光温室吊绳栽培, 研究不同群体结构对光合特性、干物质分配及产量的影响。结果表明: 双杆整枝的功能叶光合速率高于自然整枝, 且各层次光合产物分布均匀, 根系生长较旺盛, 是增产的主要原因。茄子产量与中下部功能叶片光合速率关系密切, 在试验范围内密度越小, 中下部叶片水分利用效率和蒸腾速率越高, 光合速率越高, 呼吸消耗小, 总产量也越高。 相似文献
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为了获得既抗虫又抗病毒病，又对人体和环境安全的转基因辣椒（Capsicum annuum L．）材料，将启动子CaMV35S、终止子Nos-ter 及缺失无毒型商陆抗病毒蛋白基因PamPAP 一起插入到植物表达载体pCAMBIA1301-Cry2Aa2-PMI 的多克隆位点上，构建双价表达载体，采用农杆菌介导法将其转入辣椒中，并用PMI/甘露糖筛选体系对转化植株筛选。经PCR 扩增和Southern 杂交检测，结果表明Cry2Aa2和PamPAP 已经整合到辣椒基因组中。进一步经RT-PCR 分析，证实Cry2Aa2 和PamPAP 在T0 代转基因辣椒植株中共表达。经抗虫性、抗病毒病表型鉴定：T0 代转基因辣椒植株对黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV）和斜纹夜蛾幼虫的抗性均显著高于非转基因植株。 相似文献
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摘要：为了探究茄子产量相关性状与基因间互作的遗传模型,为茄子高效育种提供理论依据,以绿圆茄
“茄27”自交系为母本,紫长茄“茄31”自交系为父本,配制成F1杂交组合,分别进行自交、回交,构建了
P1、P2、F1、F2、B1、B2 6个世代遗传群体,利用主基因、多基因混合分析法研究了茄子产量相关性状的遗传
模型。结果表明：茄子单株产量受1对主基因的加性-显性遗传,单株结果数受2对加性主基因＋加性-显性多基
因混合遗传,单株最大单果质量受2对加性主基因＋加性-显性多基因遗传;单株产量和单株结果数以非加性
遗传为主,其中单株结果数以2对主基因加性效应遗传为主;单株最大果质量中B1和F2世代以主基因加性遗传
为主,其主基因遗传率分别为50.48%和54.33%,B2世代以多基因遗传为主,多基因遗传率为50.88%。综上可
知,茄子产量性状受到加性和显性遗传效应的影响。 相似文献
13.
Five waterlily cultivars, with good pod setting and completely formed flowers, from the subgenus Nymphaea (hardy waterlily) were used as pod (female) parent. Waterlilies from subgenera Anecphya (2 entities) and Brachyceras (20 entities), specifically the blue-flowered ones, were used as pollen (male) parent for transferring blue-flowered characteristic to the hardy waterlily. Hybridization of subgenus Nymphaea with subgenus Anecphya was unsuccessful. A successful crossing was obtained between the subgenera Nymphaea and Brachyceras, yielding one pod with 244 seeds, from which only 39 seeds germinated and yielded 20 good intersubgeneric hybrid plants. The characteristics of the hybrids were categorized by their flower colors into two groups, a pink-flowered group with 17 hybrids and a blue-flowered group with 3 hybrids. In the blue-flowered group, there was a prominent one with beautiful blue-purple flower, which was determined by PCR-RFLP markers to be a hybrid between Nymphaea and Brachyceras subgenera, as well as inherited some plant characteristics, for example, ovary carpel, leaf (pad), rootstock, position of flower at flowering from the parent. The blue-purple flowered hybrid had important characteristics inherited from the hardy waterlily (subgenus Nymphaea); therefore, the hybrid has been named Nymphaea ‘Siam Blue Hardy’ to honor the birth place and its distinct flower color. 相似文献
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Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) seedlings (cv. Tsakoniki) were cultivated in soil artificially infested with V. dahliae Kleb. and then sterilized by either methyl bromide (MB) or calcium cyanamide. Grafted seedlings on the wild species Solanum torvum Sw. and the control seedlings (auto-rooted) were cultivated in soil sterilized by MB and then artificially infested with V. dahliae. The plants grafted on S. torvum and the ones grown in soil treated with calcium cyanamide (2001) exhibited significantly lower leaf symptom index (average value LSI = 1.55 and LSI = 1.00) and disease index (average value DI = 2.05 and DI = 1.20), respectively, as compared to the controls (average value LSI = 3.80 and DI = 5.50). Grafted plants on S. torvum and plants grown in soil treated with calcium cyanamide (2001) were more vigorous, as measured by plant height, stem diameter and root biomass than the controls. This resulted in an increased (over years) early (487.8% and 416.2%, 2001) and late production (277.0% and 241.3%, 2001) and mean fruit weight (over years) in early (93.7% and 49.6%, 2001) and late production (38.3% and 22.8%, 2001) as compared to the controls. In conclusion, grafting of eggplant and soil sterilized by calcium cyanamide had positive effects on growth, production and Verticillium wilt control. 相似文献
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The spatial pattern of a northern conifer-hardwood landscape 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
A geographic information system, fractal analyses, and statistical methods were used to examine the spatial distributions
of old growth hemlock, northern hardwood, mixed hardwood/hemlock stands and wetlands with respect to each other and also soils
and topography. Greater than 80% of the stands of any covertype were less than 20 ha in area. Nearly pure hemlock and northern
hardwood stands were associated with soils having a fragipan, while mixed hardwood/hemlock stands were associated with sandier
soils. Hemlock stands were distributed independently of hardwood and mixed hardwood/hemlock stands, but hardwood and mixed
hardwood/hemlock stands were usually surrounded by hemlock. Bogs and lakes were usually surrounded by hemlock stands and are
distributed independently of hardwood stands. The shapes of all stands vary from extremely simple to extremely complex, with
a general tendency for hemlock stands to be more convoluted than hardwoods. The analyses suggest segregation across soil types
and a disturbance regime favoring the establishment of hardwoods and mixed hardwood/hemlock stands in a hemlock matrix as
reasons for the origin of the observed spatial patterns. 相似文献
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Stem nematode (Ditylenchus destructor Thorne) is one of most serious diseases limiting sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) production, and it is urgent to develop sweetpotato varieties resistant to this disease. In present study, we have developed transgenic sweetpotato (cv. Xushu 18) plants resistant to stem nematodes using oryzacystatin-I (OCI) gene with Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. A. tumefaciens strain EHA105 harbors a binary vector pCAMBIA1301 with OCI gene, uidA gene and hptII gene. Selection culture was conducted using 7 mg/l hygromycin. A total of 2119 plants were produced from the inoculated 1710 cell aggregates of Xushu 18 via somatic embryogenesis. GUS assay and PCR analysis of the regenerated plants randomly sampled showed that 92.8% of the regenerated plants were transgenic plants. Transgenic plants exhibited enhanced resistance to stem nematodes compared to the untransformed control plants by the field evaluation and the inoculation test with stem nematodes and stem nematode-resistant plants were selected from the transgenic plants. Stable integration of the OCI gene into the genome of resistant transgenic plants was confirmed by Southern blot analysis, and the copy number of integrated OCI gene ranged from 1 to 3. High level of OCI gene expression in the resistant transgenic plants was demonstrated by real-time quantitative PCR analysis. This study provides a way for improving stem nematode resistance of sweetpotato. 相似文献
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Janaynna Magalhães Barbosa-Mendes Francisco de Assis Alves Mourão Filho Armando Bergamin Filho Ricardo Harakava Steven V. Beer Beatriz Madalena Januzzi Mendes 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009
Transgenic Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. cv. Hamlin plants expressing the hrpN gene were obtained by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith and Towns) Conn-mediated transformation. hrpN encodes a harpin protein, which elicits the hypersensitive response and systemic acquired resistance in plants. The gene construct consisted of gst1, a pathogen-inducible promoter, a signal peptide for protein secretion to the apoplast, the selection genes nptII or aacC1 and the Nos terminator. The function of gst1 in citrus was evaluated in transgenic C. sinensis cv. Valencia harboring the reporter gene uidA (gus) driven by this promoter. Histochemical analysis for gus revealed that gst1 is activated in citrus leaves by both wounding and inoculation with Xanthomonas axonopodis Starr and Garces pv. citri (Hasse) Vauterin et al. Genetic transformation was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization in eight cv. Hamlin acclimatized plants. RT-PCR confirmed hrpN gene expression in seven cv. Hamlin transgenic lines before pathogen inoculation. Some hrpN transgenic lines showed severe leaf curling and abnormal growth. Six hrpN transgenic lines were propagated and evaluated for susceptibility to X. axonopodis pv. citri. RT-PCR confirmed gene expression in all six hrpN transgenic lines after pathogen inoculation. Several of the hrpN transgenic lines showed reduction in susceptibility to citrus canker as compared with non-transgenic plants. One hrpN transgenic line exhibited normal vegetative development and displayed very high resistance to the pathogen, estimated as up to 79% reduction in disease severity. This is the first report of genetic transformation of citrus using a pathogen-inducible promoter and the hrpN gene. Further evaluations of the transgenic plants under field conditions are planned. Nevertheless, the evidence to date suggests that the hrpN gene reduces the susceptibility of citrus plants to the canker disease. 相似文献
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Fusarium wilt caused by the fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense is a major factor limiting commercial banana production in Malaysia. Field evaluation of banana plants for Fusarium wilt disease has not been effective as the infection period is slow and other variables such as distribution of inoculum concentration is difficult to control. Therefore, a study was carried out to develop a semi-qualitative bioassay for early and rapid susceptibility tests against Fusarium wilt disease in banana plantlets. The induction of sporulation and germination of Foc race 1 (VCG 01217) were firstly determined. Then, the effect of inoculum density of fungal spores on the magnitude of infection in Pisang Rastali (AAB) plantlets was carried out. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and other enzyme activities such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chitinase, glucanase, peroxidase (PER) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in infected roots of banana plants were determined to relate to the levels of tolerance or susceptibility to Fusarium wilt disease. Using similar conditions, transgenic Pisang Rastali (AAB) was tested to investigate the effectiveness of this bioassay. Hydrogen peroxide and phenylalanine ammonia lyase is the most sensitive compound and enzyme detectable after inoculated with Fusarium spores. The chitinase, β-1,3-glucanases, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes activity of transgenic plants were higher than untransformed plantlets. The results obtained indicate that the use of these biochemical parameters has the potential to predict the levels of tolerance or susceptibility to Fusarium wilt disease in other banana cultivars. 相似文献
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Planting beds were treated with sprayable, synthetic latex film (BASF, Charlotte, NC, USA) and oversprayed with black, white, red, blue, yellow or silver oil-based paint to study the effect of coloured spray mulches on yield of eggplant (Solanum melongena L. cv. Millionaire). Nonpainted mulch base and bare ground plots served as control treatments. Individual experimental units consisted of three rows, 102 cm wide × 7.3 m long, transplanted with 8 plants per row. Treatments were replicated in four blocks each at two separate locations near Fresno, CA. Plants grown on silver-painted beds produced significantly greater numbers (42–221%) of fruit and total fruit weight (42–237%) than all other treatments at both locations after eight harvests. Silver-painted mulch stimulated significantly greater flowering and fruit set numbers prior to the first harvest at one site. Apart from silver, only blue- and white-coloured mulches provided increased numbers and/or fresh weight yields at one site only. Mulched plots painted with other colours did not produce yields different from either the bare ground or nonpainted mulch base controls at either site. 相似文献