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斜纹夜蛾侧沟茧蜂触角感受器的扫描电镜观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用扫描电镜对斜纹夜蛾侧沟茧蜂（Microplitis prodeniae）的触角感受器进行观察。结果显示：触角为线形,鞭节有16亚节;触角共有6类感器,分别为毛形感器、刺形感器、锥形感器、腔锥形感器、板形感器和钟形感觉器;毛形感器最多,分布整个触角;刺形感器分布在柄节和梗节,数量较少;锥形感器、腔锥形感器、板形感器和钟形感觉器分布在鞭节,其中钟形感觉器仅着生于雄蜂鞭节;雌雄蜂触角在形状和结构上相似,但雄蜂触角的长度和直径显著大于雌蜂;雄蜂板形感器的数量、大小和密度显著高于雌蜂。 相似文献
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Chang-Xiang Zhou Xiao Sun Feng Mi Jingyuan Chen Man-Qun Wang 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2015,15(1)
Parasitoid wasps of the genus Sclerodermus (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) are an important natural enemy of the Japanese pine sawyer beetle Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). In this study, we used scanning electron microscopy to examine the external morphology of the antennal sensilla of Sclerodermus sp. Antennae of females and males comprised the scape, pedicel, and 11 flagellomere segments. Based on the morphology of the sensilla in each sex, seven types of sensillum were identified: sensilla trichodea (Tr.1, Tr.2 and Tr.3), sensilla basiconica (Ba.1, Ba.2, and Ba.3), sensilla styloconica (St.1 and St.2), sensilla placodea, sensilla coeloconica, sensilla squamiforma, and Bohm’s bristles. Tr.2, Ba.1, and St.1 were only found in females, whereas Ba.2, Ba.3, and St.2 were only observed in males. Sensilla placodea were the most common, given that they occur on the antennae of many parasitoid Hymenoptera, whereas sensilla Tr were the most abundant, being distributed over the entire antennal surface. These sensilla are likely to have roles in the host locating and habitat searching behavior of adult Sclerodermus wasps. Therefore, our findings provide a basis for further studies of the host location behavior of this and other species of parasitic wasp. 相似文献
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应用扫描电镜技术观测了茶棍蓟马若虫、蛹、雌雄成虫触角感器的类型、分布及超微结构。结果表明,各种虫态的茶棍蓟马触角上共存在9种感器：Böhm氏鬃毛（BB）、钟形感器（SCa）、锥形乳头状感器（BMS）、刺形感器（SCh）、锥形感器（SB）、腔锥形感器（SCo）、腔形感器（SCav）、耳形感器（SA）和特殊结构感器（US）。其中,刺形感器分3种亚型,锥形感器分4种亚型。若虫、蛹、雌、雄成虫的触角感器在触角上的种类和分布有较大的差异,雌虫上具8种感器,无锥形乳头状感器;雄虫上着生7种,缺少锥形乳头状感器和腔形感器;若虫上感器种类有8种,无耳形感器,独具锥形乳头状感器;蛹的感器类型及数量最少,只有2种,即刺形感器和锥形感器。 相似文献
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Carlo Polidori Amanda Freitas-Cerqueira Juli Pujade-Villar Francesc Oliva Mar Ferrer-Suay 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2016,16(1)
The antennal sensillar equipment in the parasitic wasp family Figitidae was analyzed to date only in few species, despite some are associated with crop pests and can have an economic importance. It is the case of the genus Alloxysta, which includes hyperparasitoids of aphids which can potentially reduce effectiveness of primary pest parasitoids. Here we analyzed, through scanning electron microscopy, the diversity, morphology, and distribution of the antennal sensilla in males and females of Alloxysta consobrina (Zetterstedt) and Alloxysta victrix (Westwood), two species with overall very similar morphology. In both species, antennae are filiform and cylindrical, and flagellum was longer in A. victrix. Eight sensillar types have been recognized: four types of sensilla trichoidea (ST-A, ST-B, ST-C, ST-D), sensilla coeloconica, sensilla placoidea, sensilla campaniformia, and sensilla basiconica. ST-A, ST-B, ST-C, and sensilla placoidea were the most abundant types on the antennae and often increased in number and decreased in size toward the tip of antenna. The two species seem to have several differences in their sensillar equipment, possibly in accordance with the different degree of host range. On the other hand, sexual dimorphism is probably due to the different stimuli that have to be correctly processed. The comparison with the other species of Figitidae studied by far showed, at subfamily-level, that variability in sensillar equipment and phylogeny do not agree. This suggests a complex series of morphological changes during evolution of this group. The taxonomic sample should be thus substantially enlarged to disclose possible trends in sensillar equipment evolution in the family. 相似文献
5.
Xingcong Jiang Pablo Pregitzer Ewald Grosse-Wilde Heinz Breer Jürgen Krieger 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2016,16(1)
Pheromone-responsive neurons of insects not only require specific receptors but in addition several auxiliary components, including the “sensory neuron membrane protein,” SNMP. Accordingly, SNMP is considered as a marker for neurons responding to pheromones. For the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria, it is known that the behavior, including aggregation behavior and courtship inhibition, is largely controlled by pheromones. However, little is known about pheromones, their receptors, and the pheromone-responsive cells in locusts. In this study, we have identified two SNMP subtypes, SNMP1 and SNMP2, and compared their phylogenetic relationship and primary structure motifs with SNMPs from other species. Both SNMPs were found in chemosensory tissues, especially the antennae. Employing double in situ hybridization, we identified and localized the SNMP-expressing cells in the antennae. Cells expressing SNMP1 were localized to sensilla trichodea but also to sensilla basiconica, which in locust respond to pheromones. One or a few cells express SNMP1 within the multineuron clusters from sensilla basiconica, whereas the SNMP2 subtype was expressed in cells surrounding the neuron clusters, possibly supporting cells. Based on the finding that SNMP1 is expressed in distinct neurons under chemosensory sensilla, it is conceivable that these cells may represent pheromone-responsive neurons of the desert locust. 相似文献
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对咖啡黑(枝)小蠹(Xylosandrus compactus)雌、雄成虫触角感受器进行了扫描电镜观察。结果表明:咖啡黑(枝)小蠹雌、雄成虫之间触角形态、感受器类型和分布均无显著差异。成虫触角具有5种感受器:毛形感受器(Ⅰ、Ⅱ)、锯齿形感受器、锥形感受器、芽形感受器和刺形感受器,其中毛形感受器数量最多,占总感受器的57%,刺形感受器数量最少,仅3%。各种感受器在触角各节上的分布数量显著不同,柄节、梗节感受器数量较少,分别约占感受器总数的4%和3%;鞭节分布的感受器数量最多,约占93%,其中约85%的感受器集中分布在锤状部末端。 相似文献
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黄翅绢野螟是为害热带木本粮食作物菠萝蜜的主要钻蛀性害虫。本文利用扫描电镜对其雌雄蛾触角进行观察,以探索其化学感受系统。结果表明:黄翅绢野螟触角呈丝状,包括1节柄节、1节梗节和76个亚节连接成的鞭节三部分。触角中共发现11类感器,分别是毛形感器(Ⅰ和Ⅱ)、刺形感器(Ⅰ和Ⅱ)、栓锥形感器、腔锥形感器(Ⅰ和Ⅱ)、耳形感器、鳞形感器、锥形感器和Bo··hm氏鬃毛,感器的种类、分布及形态结构在雌雄蛾中不存在二型性。研究结果可为进一步揭示黄翅绢野螟寄主选择行为机制提供基础性资料。 相似文献
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【目的】为明确二化螟不同寄主种群幼虫口器和触角及其感器,对上述结构的超微形态进行了观察。【方法】选择二化螟水稻、茭白种群幼虫口器和触角及其感器为研究材料,利用扫描电子显微镜进行观察。【结果】表明,二化螟两种群梗节具2个刺形感器、3个锥形感器;上唇具6对刺形感器;上颚切齿叶具7个端齿,基外侧具2个刺形感器;轴节和茎节各具1个刺形感器;外颚叶具3个锥形感器、2个刺形感器和2个栓锥感器;下颚须侧缘具1个指形感器;下唇须端部有1个刺形感器。两种群间鞭节和下颚须感器数目存在差异:茭白种群鞭节具1个栓锥感器和2个锥形感器,水稻种群则具1个栓锥感器和1个锥形感器;茭白种群下颚须具5个锥形感器和3个柱形感器,而水稻种群具4个锥形感器和4个柱形感器。在感器长度上,茭白种群部分龄期幼虫的部分刺形感器(分布于梗节、轴节、茎节)、锥形感器(分布于梗节、下颚须、外颚叶)、栓锥感器(分布于鞭节、外颚叶)显著长于水稻种群的相应感器。茭白种群(1~5龄)的部分柱形感器(分布于下颚须)、3~5龄幼虫部分刺形感器(分布于外颚叶)显著短于水稻种群的相应感器。 相似文献
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Antennal sensillae of male and female peach fruit flies, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae), obtained from three different host fruit species (guava, Psidium guajava L. (Myrtales: Myrtaceae); peach, Prunus persica (L.) Stokes (Rosales: Rosaceae); and orange, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Sapindales: Rutaceae)), were studied with scanning electron microscopy. This study was carried out to describe the different types of sensillae present on the three antennal segments (scape, pedicel, and flagellum or funiculus) of both sexes of B. zonata on different host fruit. The antennal segments of females tended to be larger than those of males feeding on peach and guava fruit. On orange, both sexes were similar (no significant differences were found). The first two antennal segments, scape and pedicel, are reinforced by some bristles and have different types of sensillae, including trichoid I, II, S; basiconic II; and sensilla chaetica in different numbers on different host fruit species. Numerous microtrichia, as well as trichoid (I, II), basiconic (I), clavate, and coeloconic (I, II) sensillae were observed on the funiculus with a great variation in number and length. As a result of feeding on different hosts, differences were found between sexes and some plasticity in size, number, distribution, and position of some sensillae, including trichoid, basiconic, chaetica, and clavate on the antennae of the female B. zonata. These sensillae were significantly larger in females. Also, some morphological and morphemetric differences have been found according to their feeding on different host fruit. 相似文献
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Aphids, mainly distributed in temperate zones, exhibit seasonal generation-alternating phenomena. Across the life cycle, different morphs are produced. Sitobion avenae (Fabricius 1775) is a major pest of wheat worldwide. To elucidate olfactory perception of morph-specific behavior across their life cycle, we investigated antennal sensilla among seven morphs using scanning electron microscopy. Trichoid, placoid, coeloconic, and campaniform sensilla were identified. Trichoid sensilla, big multiporous placoid sensilla (primary rhinarium), a group of sensilla (primary rhinaria), and campaniform sensilla showed similar distribution and resemblance among morphs, whereas small multiporous placoid sensilla (secondary rhinaria) exhibited obvious differences. Compared to apterous morphs, alate morphs possessed a greater abundance of secondary rhinaria, with the greatest found in males on antennal segments III–V. Alate virginoparae and alate sexuparae ranged from six to fourteen rhinaria on antennal segment III. Fundatrices, apterous virginoparae and apterous sexuparae only had one or two secondary rhinaria on antennal segment III while they disappeared in oviparae. Secondary rhinaria, lying in a cuticle cavity, are convex or concave in their central part. In males, both forms were present, with a greater proportion of convex form than that of the concave form. Fundatrices and virginoparae had the convex form while sexuparae had the concave form. Polyphenism of secondary rhinaria might suggest their association with the olfactory functions of morph-specific behavior. These results have improved our understanding of the adaptive evolution of the antennal sensilla in nonhost-alternating, holocyclic aphids. 相似文献
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利用扫描电镜对二疣犀甲[Oryctes rhinoceros(Linnaeus)]雌雄成虫的触角、下颚须和下唇须上嗅感器超微结构特征及分布进行研究.结果表明,二疣犀甲(O.rhinoceros)成虫头部存在5种感受器.触角上有3种,以板型感器为主,分布在触角鳃片表皮内陷形成的凹腔里,此外还有毛型感器、腔锥形感器.雌雄成虫触角上感器的分布模式及数量没有明显的区别;下颚须和下唇须存在4种感器,即腔锥形感器、毛型感器、末梢锥形感器、钟型感器,其中末梢锥形感器在下颚须上分布存在性二型现象,其余3种感器在雌、雄二疣犀甲下颚须和下唇须上的分布和数量无明显区别. 相似文献
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Zongxiang Chen Zhiming Feng Houxiang Kang Jianhua Zhao Tianxiao Chen Qianqian Li Hongbing Gong Yafang Zhang Xijun Chen Xuebiao Pan Wende Liu Guoliang Wang Shimin Zuo 《水稻科学》2019,26(1):21-31
Sheath blight (SB) caused by the soil borne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most serious global rice diseases. Breeding resistant cultivar is the most economical and effective strategy to control the disease. However, no rice varieties are completely resistant to SB, and only a few reliable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) linked with SB resistance have been identified to date. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of SB resistance using 299 varieties from the rice diversity panel 1 (RDP1) that were genotyped using 44 000 high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Through artificial inoculation, we found that only 36.5% of the tested varieties displayed resistance or moderate resistance to SB. In particular, the aromatic and aus sub-populations displayed higher SB resistance than the tropical japonica (TRJ), indica and temperate japonica sub-populations. Seven varieties showed similar resistance levels to the resistant control YSBR1. GWAS identified at least 11 SNP loci significantly associated with SB resistance in the three independent trials, leading to the identification of two reliable QTLs, qSB-3 and qSB-6, on chromosomes 3 and 6. Using favorable alleles or haplotypes of significantly associated SNP loci, we estimated that both QTLs had obvious effects on reducing SB disease severity and can be used for enhancing SB resistance, especially in improving SB resistance of TRJ sub-population rice varieties. These results provided important information and genetic materials for developing SB resistant varieties through breeding. 相似文献
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松突圆蚧花角蚜小蜂（Coccobius azumai Tachikawa）是松突圆蚧（Hemiberlesia pitysophila Takagi）的主要寄生性天敌之一。解剖花角蚜小蜂的雌性生殖系统,发现其卵巢左右成对,每侧卵巢各由3条卵巢管组成;两侧卵巢管端丝集结在一起形成悬带,左右两侧悬带分离,不形成中悬带。通过电镜扫描观察,发现花角蚜小蜂产卵器上具毛形感觉器、感觉孔、表皮刺和腔形感觉器。花角蚜小蜂的寄生过程分为：搜索、寄主定位、寄主试探、穿刺、产卵和梳理等几个步骤。生殖方式为两性生殖和孤雌生殖,重寄生产雄性个体。个体发育经过卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫等4个虫态。 相似文献
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Zuo Shi-min ZHANG Ya-fang CHEN Zong-xiang JIANG Wei FENG Ming-hui PAN Xue-biao 《水稻科学》2014,21(6):318-326
Rice resistance to sheath blight （SB） is controlled by polygenes or quantitative trait loci （QTLs） and affected by plant morphological traits, qSB-9^TQ and TAG1^TQ, which control SB resistance and tiller angle （TA）, respectively, were employed to test whether the combination of the two genes will further improve rice SB resistance and reduce yield loss rather than only one of them or neither. Using two pairs of near isogenic lines （NILs）, TAC1^TQ was confirmed to contribute to SB resistance. However, its effect was less considerable than that of qSB-9^TQ. Subsequently, the two genes were introduced into two commercial rice varieties to develop a series of NILs. The NILs carrying both TAG1^TQ and qSB-9^TQ showed more resistance than the NILs containing only one of them. Comparing the grain yield per plant （GYP） under the three different SB disease conditions, namely slight, moderate and severe conditions, NILs carrying both genes apparently lost lower GYP than the NILs without the two genes and the NILs carrying only TAC1^TQ. Under slight disease condition, no significant differences were found on morphology, development and GYP associated traits except for TA between the NILs carrying both genes and either of them, indicating that the two genes have no inferior effect on rice agronomic traits. Results indicated that mAC1^TQ and qSB-9^TQ have high breeding potential, and pyramiding SB resistance QTL and morphological trait QTL is a potential approach in improving rice SB resistance. 相似文献
17.
Jun-hai Niu Quan-xin Guo Heng Jian Chang-long ChenDan Yang Qian LiuYang-dong Guo 《Crop Protection》2011,30(8):1063-1069
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), a novel DNA amplification technique, has been used to detect a variety of pathogens including viruses, fungi, bacteria and parasites. However, diagnosis of sedentary plant-parasitic nematode (PPN) species has not yet been attempted. In this study, we developed a universal LAMP set (RKN-LAMP) for the diagnosis of four common Meloidogyne species (Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria, M. javanica and M. hapla), and M. incognita-specific LAMP set (Mi-LAMP). In both assays, a typical ladder-like pattern on gel electrophoresis was observed in all positive samples but not in the negative controls. Amplification products were further confirmed using restriction analysis of the Hpa II enzyme, detection by visual inspection using SYBR Green I and the lateral flow dipstick (LFD) assay. The two LAMP sets were specifically able to detect four common Meloidogyne species and M. incognita populations having several different geographical origins and pathotypes. No cross reaction with DNA of other PPNs was observed. Sensitivity of the RKN- and Mi-LAMP was 10 and 100 fg of pure genome DNA respectively. Both LAMP sets could also amplified crude DNA isolated from the galled root tissue and from soil containing juveniles of M. incognita. The RKN- and Mi-LAMP sets offer the advantages of simplicity, rapidity and cost effectiveness. Both LAMP sets will be instrumental for the diagnosis of Meloidogyne spp. by local extension and regulatory personnel. 相似文献
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先玉335、郑单958和京科968抗虫能力的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以先玉335、郑单958、京科968为材料,以玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis)、黏虫(Mythimna separata)和禾谷缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)为供试昆虫,探究玉米品系大喇叭口期对玉米螟和黏虫及抽雄期对禾谷缢管蚜抗性差异,测定其主要抗虫化合物丁布类物质的含量。结果发现,京科968对玉米螟及禾谷缢管蚜抗性均高于另外两个品系;对黏虫的抗性,郑单958和京科968高于先玉335。大喇叭口期京科968中丁布类物质含量最高,抽雄期郑单958和京科968中主要丁布成分含量均高于先玉335,上述组织中丁布合成相关基因在郑单958及京科968中的表达量也均高于先玉335。本研究揭示杂交玉米抗虫性与抗性相关化合物含量及其相关基因表达间存在正向相关关系,为抗虫玉米分子育种提供理论参考。 相似文献
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为探究土壤添加生物质炭对植食性咀嚼式口器害虫的影响,选用黏虫为研究对象,设0、15、30和50g·kg~(-1)四个土壤添加生物质炭处理,对盆栽种植的麦苗接初孵黏虫幼虫,观察和分析幼虫生长发育和成虫生殖力的变化。结果表明,随生物质炭施用量的增大,黏虫幼虫发育历期呈线性缩短趋势,50g·kg~(-1)生物质炭处理下幼虫发育历期为19.0d,较不添加生物质炭处理下降6.5%。黏虫蛹鲜重随生物质炭添加量增大呈线性减小趋势,其中50g·kg~(-1)生物质炭处理下雌虫蛹鲜重为0.28g,较不添加生物质炭处理下降12.5%。施加生物质炭对黏虫的化蛹率(平均69.89%)和羽化率(92.08%)无显著影响。但随生物质炭施用量的增大,黏虫产卵量呈线性增大的趋势,50g·kg~(-1)生物质炭处理产卵量为605粒,较不添加生物质炭处理下增加近3.3倍。以上结果说明,施用生物质炭有提高黏虫生殖潜力的作用。 相似文献