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1.
Organic matter and wetting properties of soil samples — an interpretation Samples were taken from A horizons of Udands and Humults at four 4 sites under forest and pasture vegetation in Southern Chile. Aggregates of 4—6 and 10—12 mm diameter were obtained by sieving and separated into aggregate surface and core fraction by peeling. The fraction 38—63 μm was separated by sieving. Organic matter was determined in all samples. Wetting angles were determined by direct reading at drops of saturated KCl solution on a layer of particles fixed on microscope glass slides by double‐sided adhesive tape. Values were correlated with contents of organic matter. The results showed an increase of wetting angles with increasing percentage of organic matter in the overall samples as well as in all separate groups (depth, vegetation, size, and parts of aggregates). The correlations, however, were not close (r ～ 0.5), irrespective of the significance level. Wetting angles in soils are caused by combined effect of different relative amounts and properties of free organic matter particles and organic films on mineral particles. 相似文献
2.
土地利用方式对红壤团聚体稳定性的影响 总被引：22，自引：6，他引：22
以湖南、湖北和江西3省第四纪红土母质发育的土壤为材料,应用干、湿筛法比较不同利用方式下土壤的团聚体粒级分布、平均重量直径(MWD)以及团聚体破坏率(PAD)的差异,分析在不同利用方式下土壤团聚体的分布特征以及稳定性与土壤有机碳的联系。结果表明:不同利用方式下干筛团聚体均以>5mm粒级为主,其次为<0.25mm粒级,而湿筛团聚体则以<0.25mm粒级为主。各不同利用方式土壤团聚体干、湿筛MWD值变化趋势大体一致,并且与有机质含量均呈显著正相关关系。各不同利用方式下PAD有显著差异,表现为旱地>果园>水田>茶园>林地,并且PAD与土壤有机质含量和湿筛获得的MWD值呈极显著负相关。不同有机质含量可显著影响不同利用方式下水稳性团聚体粒级分布。>5mm,1～0.5mm,0.5～0.25mm,>0.25mm粒级水稳性团聚体的含量比例均与有机质含量之间有极显著的相关关系,而5～2mm和2～1mm粒级水稳性团聚体则与有机质含量相关性并不显著。不同土地利用方式对土壤有机质含量有极大的影响,有机质含量高低表现为水田>林地>茶园>旱地>果园。 相似文献
3.
应用Le Bissonnais法测定富铁土中团聚体的稳定性及其意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
土壤团聚体的数量和稳定性是衡量土壤抗蚀性和土壤质量的重要指标,应用LeBissonnais法对富铁土团聚体的稳定性和物理学机制进行了研究。结果表明,LeBissonnais法测定的团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)与常规湿筛法测定的>0.25mm团聚体含量、MWD和>2mm团聚体破坏率(PAD)呈极显著正相关。富铁土中5～2,2～1,1～0.5mm团聚体经快速湿润(FW)、慢速湿润(SW)和预湿后扰动(WS)处理后,稳定性团聚体的粒级分布随处理方式和初始团聚体大小的不同而不同;经FW处理后,大多数团聚体崩解;团聚体崩解产物的MWD表现为FW相似文献
4.
[目的]揭示山原红壤的退化机理及效应,为滇东高原的石漠化效应研究及水土保持工作的开展提供科学依据。[方法]以滇东山原红壤典型发育地带为研究对象,对山原红壤退化过程中灌丛、草地、松林、红裸土剖面的团聚体特征和有机质分布规律进行研究分析。[结果]山原红壤退化过程中干筛法结果显示以大团聚体为主,并随着土层深度的增加而减少;湿筛法结果显示以微团聚体含量最高,灌丛、草地、松林在剖面上整体呈现出与干筛大团聚体一致的规律,红裸土呈现出:0—90cm层(B层)90—100cm层(C层)。土壤的稳定性和有机质含量在退化过程中基本呈现出:灌丛草地松林红裸土;随着土层深度的增加,灌丛、草地、松林土壤团聚体稳定性和物理性质逐渐劣化,有机质含量减少,红裸土则呈现出相反的规律;与A层、B层相比,较深层次的C层团聚体稳定性和有机质含量差异显著降低。[结论]有机质与平均重量直径、几何平均直径、2mm粒级水稳性团聚体含量呈极显著正相关,与分形维数呈极显著负相关,增加有机质的含量应该是恢复和改良红裸土结构的重要手段。 相似文献
5.
A. Eynard T.E. Schumacher M.J. Lindstrom D.D. Malo R.A. Kohl 《Soil & Tillage Research》2006,88(1-2):205-216
Soil wettability is especially important for rainfed agriculture in climates with a dry period during the growing season. The effect of aggregate structure and soil organic C content on wettability of soil aggregates was determined for grassland (grass) and tilled fields (tillage). Soil organic C, plastic limit, aggregate total porosity, and wettability at 100 mm (rapid wetting) and 300 mm (slow wetting) water tension were measured on soil at 0–0.2 m depth. Natural aggregates from tillage and grass were compared to soil pellets formed by remolding aggregates. At both tensions, wettability of grass aggregates was significantly greater than that of tillage aggregates (P ≤ 0.001). Pellets were significantly less wettable than natural aggregates at 300 mm tension and during the initial wetting at 100 mm tension, but became significantly more wettable with time at 100 mm tension. Cumulative water uptake during 60 min exceeded the initial total porosity of pellets and natural tillage aggregates, suggesting incipient failure (formation of microcracks) during fast wetting. Grass aggregates contained twice as much organic C as tillage aggregates (26 g kg−1 versus 13 g kg−1). Organic C was linearly and positively related to plastic limit, total porosity, and the wettability of natural aggregates at 300 mm tension. At 100 mm tension, organic C was negatively related to wettability of natural aggregates under grass, but unrelated to wettability under tillage. Aggregate wettability was positively related to organic carbon content, except when the arrangement of soil constituents reduced or prevented incipient failure and soil dispersion during rapid wetting resulted in cumulative water uptake (60 min) similar to initial aggregate total porosity. Organic C increased wettability of grass aggregates when compared to tillage aggregates and also stabilized natural aggregates during fast wetting (100 mm tension). Both soil organic C content and aggregate structure were key factors controlling aggregate stability and wettability. 相似文献
6.
The spatial variability of soil aggregate stability and its relationship to runoff and soil erosion were examined in a catena of soils and vegetation in a semiarid environment at the Rambla Honda field site (Tabernas, Almería, SE Spain) to evaluate the validity of structural stability as a soil erosion indicator in sandy loam range soils. The influence of soil properties and topography on the variability of aggregate stability was also examined. Methods include: 1) aggregate stability assessment at 12 sites (3 repetitions per site) on the hillslope by two methods: a) aggregate size distribution by dry sieving b) water drop test; 2) soil organic carbon content; 3) particle size distribution determination; 4) terrain attributes derived from a digital elevation model (1-m resolution); 5) monitoring runoff and erosion for nearly 3 years in eight (10 × 2 m) plots distributed over the hillslope. Results: 41% of the average soil mass is formed by > 2-mm aggregates. However, wet aggregate stability is poor, with a mean (of a total of 1440 aggregates) of only 26 drop impacts necessary to break up a wet aggregate (pF = 1). Significant relationships were found in the number of water drops required for aggregate breakdown and runoff and erosion rates. However, no significant relationships between the mean weight diameter of aggregates under dry conditions and runoff or erosion rates were observed. The relationships of aggregates with other soil properties, hillslope position and proximity to plants are also analysed. The most significant correlation found was between the number of drop impacts and soil organic matter content. The stability of topsoil aggregates seems to be a valuable indicator of field-assessed runoff and inter-rill erosion of sandy loam range soils under semiarid conditions. 相似文献
7.
研究森林土壤团聚体酶活性对氮沉降的响应差异以及团聚体酶活性的影响因素，以滇中亚高山云南松林和华山松林为研究对象，于2020年6月至2021年5月通过野外模拟氮沉降试验，设置对照[CK,0 g/(m2·a)N]、低氮[LN,10 g/(m2·a)N]、中氮[MN,20 g/(m2·a)N]、高氮[HN,25 g/(m2·a)N],分别采集旱季(2021年2月)和雨季(2020年8月)的土壤样品，分析土壤团聚体中脲酶(Ure)、蔗糖酶(Inv)和酸性磷酸酶(AP)的变化特征，以及与环境因子的交互作用，阐明不同筛分方式下土壤团聚体酶活性对氮沉降的响应特征。结果表明：(1)氮沉降对2种林分下土壤团聚体的分布未造成显著影响，而不同筛分方式则影响显著；不同氮沉降水平下，土壤团聚体中3种酶活性均表现出LN促进，MN与HN抑制；(2)与干筛法相比，湿筛法下土壤团聚体中酶活性均有显著下降，Inv和Ure的团聚体酶活性的降幅均在20%以上，AP的降幅可达57.55%;(3)土壤干筛、湿筛团聚体酶活性的几何平均数(GMe... 相似文献
8.
不同肥力水平土壤团聚体的稳定性及对氮肥盐溶液的响应 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
在室内利用筛分技术研究了关中地区相同质地类型3个不同肥力水平土团聚体的组成及其稳定性,并在4个不同浓度氯化铵溶液中进行湿筛,探讨了不同肥力土壤团聚体对盐溶液的反应特征及抗化学物质分散的能力,以便揭示长期施用无机氮肥对土壤团聚体的作用与影响。结果表明,干、 湿筛结果显示3个肥力水平土壤直径＞0.25 mm团聚体的含量均随肥力水平的升高显著增加,供试土团聚体的水稳性较差,湿筛后直径＜0.25 mm的微团聚体含量在85%以上,而富有农学价值的直径在15 mm的水稳性团聚体在高肥力土壤中含量仅为2.80%,中肥力土壤为1.47%,低肥力土壤为0.84%。3种肥力土壤团聚体组成受氯化铵溶液浓度的影响,在4种浓度的氯化铵溶液中湿筛后,直径25 mm的团聚体的含量随溶液浓度增大而减少,而0.252 mm团聚体含量明显增加。试验得到的主要结论为, 不同肥力水平土壤团聚体质量差异明显; 团聚体的化学稳定性受盐溶液浓度和肥力水平的共同作用,随氮肥溶液浓度增大,团聚体组成集中在0.252 mm的较小范围,盐分使得多级的团聚体组成向单一化方向变化; 高肥力土壤受氮肥溶液的影响相对较弱,中、 低肥力土壤对氮肥溶液的响应则较为强烈。 相似文献
9.
Vincent J.M.N.L. Felde Steffen A. Schweizer Danh Biesgen Angela Ulbrich Daniel Uteau Claudia Knief Markus Graf-Rosenfellner Ingrid Kögel-Knabner Stephan Peth 《European Journal of Soil Science》2021,72(2):810-828
Soil microaggregates contain particles of different sizes, which may affect their potential to store organic carbon (OC). A variety of methods can be used to isolate microaggregates from the larger soil structures, among which wet sieving approaches are widely employed. We developed a novel dry crushing method that isolates microaggregates along failure planes due to mechanical stresses rather than hydraulic pressures and compared the mechanical stability, OC contents and microbial community composition between dry-crushed and wet-sieved samples with contrasting clay contents. Dry-crushed samples exhibited a higher stability and bacterial diversity compared to wet-sieved samples. As a result, the dry-crushed microaggregates had different size distributions when analysed dry and after wetting. In the dry state, dry-crushed microaggregates were larger and contained more sand-sized primary particles within the aggregate structures. The wetting of dry-crushed aggregates caused a disintegration of larger microaggregates and sand-sized primary particles into smaller microaggregates that contained finer particles. In the soils with lower clay contents, the diameter of dry-crushed microaggregates was 40 μm larger due to more sand-sized primary particles remaining within the aggregates. Depending on how much volume in microaggregates is occupied by large primary particles, the OC concentration increased in the soil with higher clay content. Wet-sieved size fractions also showed a similar pattern of OC distribution, whereas more primary particles were observed outside of aggregates. Wet sieving approaches disperse the soil into OC-rich aggregates and might be preferable if OC dynamics are investigated. Differences in bacterial community composition in dependence on clay content were more pronounced in dry-crushed microaggregates. If intact aggregate architectures are of interest for the isolation of soil structural units, the presented dry crushing method might provide an advantageous alternative that also better preserves bacterial diversity. 相似文献
10.
[目的]明晰干热河谷区土壤优先流对红壤团聚体特征及其稳定性的影响,为该区植被恢复和水土流失防治提供理论依据。[方法]以元江干热河谷典型地段龙潭箐流域内的银合欢林地、扭黄茅荒草地为研究对象,基于染色示踪试验区分样地土壤优先流区和基质流区,利用干湿筛法结合分形理论分析两区内0—50 cm土层团聚体特征差异,并借助通径分析法表征各土壤理化因子对团聚体稳定性的影响。[结果]干湿筛后R0.25团聚体含量从大到小顺序为林地优先流区>林地基质流区>荒草地优先流区>荒草地基质流区,平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)与R0.25排序相同且呈现出随土层深度增加而减小的趋势,分形维数(D)与团聚体破坏率(PAD)则为相反规律并随土层加深D和PAD的值逐渐增大。对两区土壤团聚体稳定性影响较大的理化因子是土壤容重和黏粒含量,其决策系数分别为0.474和-0.644。[结论]荒草地土壤团聚体破坏率更高,土壤优先流区团聚体稳定性优于基质流区;土壤团聚体稳定性主要受黏粒含量、容重、有机质等因子影响。 相似文献
11.
Changes of structure and tilth mellowing in a Vertisol due to wet/dry cycles in the liquid and vapour phases 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Development of a fine tilth in Vertisols increases infiltration, plant-available water and ease of cultivation and produces a fine seed bed. The tilth-mellowing properties of a strongly self-mulching Vertisol from Zimbabwe were investigated by applying different types of wetting to a worked soil and examining macromorphological features, size, density, strength and friability of the resulting clods/aggregates, developed through successive wet/dry cycles. Wetting regimes were chosen to simulate likely field conditions and included rapid flood-, slow and fast capillary-, simulated rainfall- and vapour-wetting. Tilth development was compared to that of field soils. All wetting treatments in the liquid phase resulted in decreases in aggregate density. Fast capillary wetting rapidly reduced size and strength of aggregates to below that of field soils whereas slow capillary wetting similarly rapidly decreased size but reduced strength more slowly. Flood wetting caused little change in size but aggregates showed a small decrease in strength. Rainfall wetting resulted in changes intermediate between these extremes. There was a significant linear relationship between strength and porosity of aggregates! For rainfall- and flood-wetting, friabilities were at a maximum after one wet/dry cycle but subsequently decreased. Vapour wet/dry cycles reduced strength but not density of worked soils, implying changes in internal microstructure without measurable porosity change. Hypotheses to explain these changes are put forward. 相似文献
12.
湘东地区典型土壤团聚体稳定性的影响因素 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
[目的]揭示湘东地区土壤团聚体的分布规律及其影响稳定性因素,为研究南方土壤团聚体胶结机制提供一定的理论依据。[方法]在湘东地区选择3种常见成土母质(第四纪红土、花岗岩风化物、板岩风化物)上发育的典型自然林地、水田与旱地,采集表层土壤(0—20cm)与底层土壤(40—60cm),利用湿筛法测定土壤水稳性团聚体组成。[结果]土地利用方式、母质类型及土层部位显著影响土壤团聚体的组成及稳定性,且它们的交互作用也非常明显。不同利用方式下土壤团聚体稳定性总体表现为:水田林地旱地;但利用方式对团聚体稳定性的影响仅局限于表层土壤,同时在花岗岩风化物发育质地较砂的土壤上表现不明显。不同母质间土壤团聚体稳定性呈现出如下规律:第四纪红土板岩风化物花岗岩风化物,但表层土壤或旱地、林地利用下该规律不甚明显。同时,表层土壤团聚体稳定性一般要显著高于底层土壤,但对于第四纪红土发育质地较为黏重的土壤或水田利用方式下并非如此。[结论]成土母质、利用方式、土层部位通过对土壤质地、有机质、氧化物等的影响间接影响着湘东地区土壤团聚体的分布。 相似文献
13.
Naturally occurring wetting‐and‐drying cycles often enhance aggregation and give rise to a stable soil structure. In comparatively dry regions, such as large areas of Australia, organic‐matter (OM) contents in topsoils of arable land are usually small. Therefore, the effects of wetting and drying are almost solely reliant on the clay content. To investigate the relations between wetting‐and‐drying cycles, aggregation, clay content, and OM in the Australian environment, an experiment was set up to determine the relative influence of both clay content (23%, 31%, 34%, and 38%) and OM amendments of barley straw (equivalent to 3.1 t ha–1, 6.2 t ha–1, and 12.4 t ha–1) on the development of water‐stable aggregates in agricultural soil. The aggregate stability of each of the sixteen composite soils was determined after one, three, and six wet/dry cycles and subsequent fast and slow prewetting and was then compared to the aggregate stabilities of all other composite soils. While a single wet/dry cycle initiated soil structural evolution in all composite soils, enhancing macroaggregation, the incorporation of barley straw was most effective for the development of water‐stable aggregates in those soils with 34% and 38% clay. Repeated wetting‐and‐drying events revealed that soil aggregation is primarily based on the clay content of the soil, but that large straw additions also tend to enhance soil aggregation. Relative to untreated soil, straw additions equivalent to 3.1 t ha–1 and 12.4 t ha–1 increased soil aggregation by about 100% and 250%, respectively, after three wet/dry cycles and fast prewetting, but were of less influence with subsequent wet/dry cycles. Straw additions were even more effective in aggregating soil when combined with slow prewetting; after three wet/dry cycles, the mean weight diameters of aggregates were increased by 70% and 140% with the same OM additions and by 160% and 290% after six wet/dry cycles, compared to samples without organic amendments. We suggest that in arable soils poor in OM and with a field texture grade of clay loam or finer, the addition of straw, which is often available from preceding crops, may be useful for improving aggregation. For a satisfactory degree of aggregate stability and an improved soil structural form, we found that straw additions of at least 6.2 t ha–1 were required. However, rapid wetting of straw‐amended soil will disrupt newly formed aggregates, and straw has only a limited ability to sustain structural improvement. 相似文献
14.
为研究植被恢复对水库消落带土壤团聚体组成及稳定性的影响,利用干筛和湿筛法,测定了大桥水库消落带不同水位高程下柳树林地土壤团聚体组成分布,并基于分形理论分析了土壤团聚体分形特征。结果表明:(1)消落带柳树林地土壤0.25 mm非水稳定性团聚体和水稳性团聚体分别为73.13%～93.69%和47.62%～82.06%,较对照无植被样地土壤均有所增加,但两者差异不明显;消落带土壤大团聚体含量随水位高程升高而降低,随土层深度增加而减少,但在不同水位高程和不同土层间均无显著性差异(p0.05)。(2)消落带柳树林地土壤水稳性团聚体分形维数(D)为2.51～2.82,平均值为2.67,低于对照的2.75;土壤水稳性团聚体分形维数(D)在不同水位高程和不同土层间均无显著性差异(p0.05),整体呈现出随水位高程升高而降低的趋势,且0—10 cm土层D值低于10—20 cm土层。(3)消落带柳树林地土壤MWD、GMD平均值分别为0.81,0.24 mm,高于对照的0.71,0.15 mm,柳树林地土壤团聚体稳定性高于对照;土壤团聚体稳定性在消落带内部具有一定空间差异,MWD与GMD均表现为高水位(2 016～2 019 m)中水位(2 010～2 013 m)低水位(2 007 m),且0—10 cm土层MWD与GMD大于10—20 cm土层的,但不同水位高程和不同土层间均无显著性差异(p0.05)。综上,大桥水库消落带植被恢复对土壤团粒结构有一定程度改善,且随淹水深度的增加,消落带柳树林地土壤团聚体稳定性降低。 相似文献
15.
R. J. HAYNES 《European Journal of Soil Science》1993,44(2):261-270
The effects of cropping history (pasture or arable) and sample pretreatment (field-moist, air-dried or air-dried and then tension or vacuum rewetted) on aggregate stability as measured by wet sieving or turbidimetry were compared. When field-moist samples were used there was a tendency for aggregate stability, as measured by wet sieving, to decline with increasing time under arable cropping (i.e. decreasing soil organic matter content). Air-drying samples caused a pronounced decline in stability of soils from under arable management and as a consequence there was a marked decline in stability with increasing time under arable. Use of tension or vacuum rewetted samples resulted in high values of stability which were unaffected by cropping history. For turbidimetry, there was a marked decline in measured stability with increasing time under arable cropping when field-moist samples were used. Air-drying caused an increase in measured stability that was relatively greater for the less stable samples. In comparison with air-dried samples, tension and vacuum rewetting caused a decrease in stability values for relatively unstable soils. It is suggested that, upon air-drying (and contraction of aggregates), additional intermolecular associations were formed between soil constituents thus conferring greater stability on aggregates. This resulted in reduced dispersion (and the release of particles <0.04 mm in diameter) from the surfaces of aggregates and slaked aggregate fragments following rapid rewetting. As a consequence stability as measured by turbidimetry was increased by drying. For aggregates from a predominantly arable history, this stabilization was not great enough to prevent slaking occurring following rapid rewetting, with the formation of a large proportion of stabilized fragments <0.5 mm in diameter. The stability of these aggregates as measured by wet sieving was therefore decreased by drying. 相似文献
16.
喀斯特坡地浅层岩溶裂隙土壤团聚体稳定性与养分垂向变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
浅层岩溶裂隙（SKF）为植物提供生长空间、水分和养分,是石漠化地区的重要生境类型。以矩形和漏斗形SKF剖面为研究对象,采用干、湿筛分法和Le Bissonnais法,分析了不同土层土壤团聚体稳定性特征和破坏机理,测定了团聚体中土壤有机质（SOM）、碱解氮（AHN）和有效磷（AP）的含量。结果表明：SKF剖面粒径＞0.25 mm的团聚体均超过90%,PAD值范围为0.01%~4.75%。干、湿筛作用下,MWD值变化范围分别为4.63~7.69 mm和1.33~4.24 mm,团聚体分形维数D范围分别为1.57~2.18和1.55~2.15。SKF土壤团聚体的稳定性随剖面深度加深而降低,矩形SKF土壤团聚体的稳定性要强于漏斗形SKF,快速湿润产生的消散作用是造成团聚体破碎的主要机制。团聚体破坏率（PAD）、团聚体分形维数（D）和平均重量直径（MWD）这三类指标均表明,SKF土壤团聚体水稳定性、通透性均较好。SKF剖面30 cm以下土层,团聚体SOM、AHN和AP含量相较0~20 cm土层大幅下降,含量范围分别为13.27±0.94~37.53±3.47 g?kg-1、71.58±3.27~198.54±22.63 mg?kg-1和0.15±0.03~ 0.38±0.10 mg?kg-1,土壤AP十分贫乏。SKF形态会影响SOM含量随土层深度的变化,矩形SKF 30 cm以下土层含量随深度加深而降低,而漏斗形SKF则没有显著性差异。随土层深度加深,矩形和漏斗形SKF剖面AP含量的变化趋势一致,AHN含量的变化趋势则与SKF形态之间没有明显关联。SOM、AHN和AP含量越高,SKF剖面团聚体水稳定性越强。 相似文献
17.
Several recent studies have observed physical, chemical and microbiological heterogeneities on the scale of soil aggregates. The publications emphasize the ecological importance of these small scale gradients. This paper introduces a method for the rapid fractionation of soil structure units into a surface fraction and a core fraction. The technique combines a rapid freezing in liquid N2 and standardized wet sieving of the structure units. During the sieving process the aggregate surfaces begin to thaw and are consequently washed through the sieve. The soil passing the sieve during a specified time is termed aggregate surface fraction, the remainder is the aggregate core fraction. Samples from 18 forest soil profiles were taken to study the precision and accuracy of the method, as well as factors determining the efficiency of fractionation. The precision of aggregate fractionation as determined by parallel fractionations yielded coefficients of variability of 5.3 to 7.5% and 6.5 to 11.4% for the amount of core and surface fraction, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed technique yielded results comparable to those obtained by manual razor-peeling of the aggregate surfaces. The variation of concentrations of chemical parameters in water extracts of both aggregate fractions was up to six times greater than in soil solutions obtained from mixed samples. Increasing soil organic C resulted in a decrease in the proportion of the aggregate surface soil collected under fixed sieving conditions, while clay content correlated positively with the amount of the aggregate surface fraction collected. 相似文献
18.
应用干筛法与湿筛法分析了川西北高寒草地不同退化阶段土壤团聚体组成特征,选取了土壤大团聚体含量（R0.25）、平均重量直径（MWD）、几何平均直径（GMD）和团聚体破坏率（PAD）指标,研究了退化过程土壤团聚体稳定性的变化。结果表明:未退化草地土壤机械稳定性团聚体和水稳性团聚体组成都以大团聚体（>0.25 mm）为主,而退化草地均以微团聚体（<0.25 mm）为主;随着草地退化程度加剧,大团聚体含量（R0.25）显著降低,土壤团聚体MWD和GMD均表现为:未退化 > 轻度退化 > 中度退化 > 重度退化,PAD呈现相反的变化趋势,其中未退化到轻度退化阶段团聚体稳定性变化最为明显;未退化和轻度退化草地土壤团聚体稳定性由表层向下层递减,而中度和重度退化草地表层（0—10 cm）土壤团聚体稳定性弱于下层（10—40 cm）。这些结果表明随着高寒草地退化的加剧,土壤团聚体稳定性显著降低,轻度退化阶段是土壤结构稳定性下降的关键期,在沙化防治中应予以重视。 相似文献
19.
团聚体稳定性是土壤的基本性质,反映了土壤肥力的高低。在3个合理假设的基础上,通过建立干筛和Yoder法湿筛结果之间的转移矩阵,并通过不同径级团聚体的保存率构造了团聚体稳定性指数。该稳定性指数与文献结果具有良好的一致性,说明了转移矩阵方法可用于土壤团聚体稳定性的评价。同时利用该方法分析了不同径级团聚体抗破裂能力大小,发现降雨模拟、干湿循环(1次)、干湿循环(10次)和Yoder湿筛法影响的团聚体粒径并不相同。>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量虽然在整体上与团聚体的稳定性具有良好的相关性,但并不是随着>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量的增高,每个径级范围的团聚体稳定性增强。该方法可充分利用团聚体分析所得的信息,为进一步认识土壤团聚体的稳定性提供方法支撑。 相似文献
20.
Gang Lu Kan-ichi Sakagami Haruo Tanaka Ryunosuke Hamada 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):147-155
Three Andosols (used as grassland, upland field, and paddy field) and two Gray Lowland soils (used as upland field and paddy field) were examined to study the role of organic matter in the stabilization of soil aggregates. It was found that prolonged use of Andosols as grassland or as upland field enabled to maintain a higher level of soil organic carbon than use as paddy field. However, paddy soil exhibited a greater aggregate stability (determined by wet-sieving procedure) than soil under upland field or grassland management. Comparison between two Gray Lowland soils also showed that aggregates in the paddy soil were more stable than in the upland field soil. Among organic constituents examined (such as sodium pyrophosphate (SPP)-extractable organic matter and carbohydrates), only the contents of hot water (HW)-extractable carbohydrates of the soils were significantly correlated with aggregate stability. Paddy soils which showed a greater aggregate stability contained a larger amount of HW -extractable carbohydrates in the soils, and a larger amount of HW -extractable carbohydrates regardless of the size of their aggregates compared with other soils. These findings suggest that HW -extractable carbohydrates which represents easily decomposable organic materials may be of special importance for the stabilization of aggregates in the soils. 相似文献