共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
D Wang K Kubota A Kobayashi I M Juan 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(11):5391-5396
A direct qualitative and quantitative determination of the glycosides of tea aroma compounds at the four stages of the oolong tea manufacturing process (plucking, solar withering, indoor withering, and oolong tea product) was carried out by a capillary gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis after trifluoroacetyl derivatization of the glycosidic fractions. Sixteen glucosides and primeverosides were identified and quantified in cv. Chin-shin-oolong and cv. Chinhsuan-oolong. A comparison of the glycosides in dried fresh leaves between the two cultivars showed significant differences. During the manufacturing process, the amounts of most of these glycosides increased from the solar-withering stage, reaching the highest level at the final stage of oolong tea production. It was noted that no glycoside decreased in its content during the manufacturing process, this being quite different from the manufacture of black tea. In addition, the contents of these alcoholic aroma compounds in the free aroma concentrate from each cultivar remained almost unchanged or slightly decreased, and they constituted only about 12 and 17% in amount of the whole oolong tea aroma compounds. However, jasmine lactone and indole were markedly higher in the final oolong tea products. 相似文献
2.
An isocratic HPLC procedure was developed for the simultaneous determination of caffeine and six catechins in tea samples. When 31 commercial teas extracted by boiling water or 75% ethanol were analyzed by HPLC, the levels of (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), and total catechins in teas were in the order green tea (old leaves) > green tea (young leaves) and oolong tea > black tea and pu-erh tea. Tea samples extracted by 75% ethanol could yield higher levels of EGCG and total catechins. The contents of caffeine and catechins also have been measured in fresh tea leaves from the Tea Experiment Station in Wen-Shan or Taitung; the old tea leaves contain less caffeine but more EGCG and total catechins than young ones. To compare caffeine and catechins in the same tea but manufactured by different fermentation processes, the level of caffeine in different manufactured teas was in the order black tea > oolong tea > green tea > fresh tea leaf, but the levels of EGCG and total catechins were in the order green tea > oolong tea > fresh tea leaf > black tea. In addition, six commercial tea extracts were used to test the biological functions including hydroxyl radical scavenging, nitric oxide suppressing, and apoptotic effects. The pu-erh tea extracts protected the plasmid DNA from damage by the Fenton reaction as well as the control at a concentration of 100 microg/mL. The nitric oxide suppressing effect of tea extracts was in the order pu-erh tea >/= black tea > green tea > oolong tea. The induction of apoptosis by tea extract has been demonstrated by DNA fragmentation ladder and flow cytometry. It appeared that the ability of tea extracts to induce HL-60 cells apoptosis was in the order green tea > oolong > black tea > pu-erh tea. All tea extracts extracted by 75% ethanol have stronger biological functions than those extracted by boiling water. 相似文献
3.
Wang D Kurasawa E Yamaguchi Y Kubota K Kobayashi A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(4):1900-1903
Glycosides are known to be precursors of the alcoholic aroma compounds of black tea. They are hydrolyzed by endogenous glycosidases during the manufacturing process. Changes in the amounts of these glycosides during the manufacturing process were investigated by using a capillary gas chromatographic--mass spectrometric analysis after trifluoroacetyl derivatization of the tea glycosidic fractions. Primeverosides were 3-fold more abundant than glucosides in fresh leaves, but they decreased greatly during the manufacturing process, especially during the stage of rolling. After the final stage of fermentation, primeverosides had almost disappeared, whereas glucosides were substantially unchanged. These results show that hydrolysis of the glycosides mainly occurred during the stage of rolling and confirm that primeverosides are the main black tea aroma precursors. This was also supported by the changes in the glycosidase activities in tea leaves. The glycosidase activities remained at a high level during withering but decreased drastically after rolling. 相似文献
4.
树冠微域环境对茶树碳氮代谢的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】树冠微域环境对植物的生长有着显著影响,改善植物树冠环境可提升收获对象的品质。因此茶树的生长特别是其碳氮代谢及茶叶品质可能会受到树冠微域环境影响,本文拟通过覆盖遮荫的方式人为改变茶树树冠微域环境,以探明树冠微域环境对茶树碳氮代谢等的影响。【方法】采用田间小区试验,通过在茶树树冠面上分别覆盖光热透过性能不同的三种遮荫材料,人为改变茶树树冠面的微域环境,以不覆盖为对照,比较不同树冠微域环境条件下树冠面空气温度、空气湿度、光照等环境因子的变化及光合速率等的差异,并通过氨基酸组分分析及高效液相色谱等方法对不同季节茶树新梢中碳氮初级代谢产物进行分析,以比较树冠微域环境变化对茶树碳氮代谢及茶鲜叶品质等的影响。【结果】茶树树冠面经三种光热透过性能不同的遮阳网在蓬面直接覆盖后,茶树新梢的生长小环境及碳氮代谢均发生了变化: 1）树冠面的光照强度、空气温度及叶片温度均得到了不同程度的降低,空气相对湿度得到了不同程度的提高。其中覆盖隔热网的降温效果最好,降温幅度最高可达3.1℃;覆盖银色网在早晚有较好的降温效果,降温幅度可达1.6℃,但在12时、14时和16时未有明显的降温效果。而覆盖黑网后早晨的树冠面空气温度与叶片温度却显著高于其他各处理,且随着外界温度的升高,黑网下的两种温度与不覆盖比表现出了波动现象。2）茶树被覆盖后,其净光合速率表现出显著的降低趋势,其中黑网覆盖处理与不覆盖处理均在中午12点左右出现一个低谷,出现了午睡现象,而银色网与隔热网覆盖处理没有表现出午睡现象;覆盖后茶树叶片胞间CO2浓度较不覆盖表现出升高趋势,其中以隔热网处理为最高。3）在高温强光季节对茶树进行适度遮荫覆盖,能在一定程度上促进茶树氮代谢,减弱茶树碳代谢,改善各季茶树新梢的品质。主要表现为茶新梢的叶绿素含量、氮磷钾等养分含量、游离氨基酸总量显著增加;氨基酸组分如茶氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸等也均表现出显著增加趋势;茶新梢中总碳含量及茶多酚等碳水化合物含量降低;总碳、C/N、茶多酚含量等显著降低,儿茶素组分降低但儿茶素品质指数增加、苦涩味指数降低;三种茶树微域环境中,隔热网覆盖的树冠环境对茶叶品质提升方面效果最明显。4）与不覆盖相比,茶树新梢产量表现出了降低的趋势。【结论】通过遮荫覆盖等方式调控茶树树冠微域环境会影响茶树碳氮代谢等生理活动、提高茶鲜叶品质,但茶鲜叶的产量表现出降低的趋势。 相似文献
5.
采用PLS-DA分析毛火方式对工夫红茶品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：6，他引：2
为探究不同毛火方式对工夫红茶品质的影响,明确新型电磁内热式滚筒-热风耦合干燥设备的毛火效果,该研究以一芽一二叶初展嫩度的"福鼎大白"品种为原料进行工夫红茶加工,设定电磁滚筒-热风耦合(Rotary pot-Hot air coupling First-Drying with electromagnetic heat,RHFD)、链板热风(Chain plate Hot air First-Drying,CHFD)、箱式热风(Box Hot air First-Drying,BHFD)、滚筒式滚炒(Rotary pot First-Drying,RFD)等4种毛火方式,比较所制茶样的茶多酚、儿茶素、茶色素、可溶性糖、咖啡碱、氨基酸等29个非挥发性指标,114个气相色谱-质谱技术(GasChromatography-Mass Spectrometry,GC-MS)检测的挥发性香气指标,10个外形和汤色色泽客观评价指标,同时进行了毛火方式的热效率、生产效率、生产成本等性能指标的分析比较,通过偏最小二乘判别统计(PartialLeastSquaresDiscriminationAnalysis,PLS-DA)分析毛火方式对优质工夫红茶品质的影响,并获得标志性差异化合物。结果表明:电磁内热式滚筒-热风耦合毛火处理下茶多酚和儿茶素总量显著最低(P<0.05),简单儿茶素含量较高,茶红素和可溶性糖含量、茶黄素综合指标TDE和茶色素综合指标10TFRB最高(P<0.05),毛火方式对茶黄素总量影响不显著(P>0.05);挥发性化合物总量以RHFD方式最高,RFD方式次之,CHFD方式最低;RHFD毛火方式芳香类、萜烯类等化合物含量最高。电磁内热式滚筒-热风耦合毛火升温快、温度分布均匀且稳定性好,热效率和生产效率高(分别为50.0%、220 kg/h),生产成本较低(仅0.32元/kg),预热时间仅14min;所制红茶在汤色透亮度、香气甜久度、滋味甜醇度等方面均得到提升,感官总分最高(P<0.05),达88.1。PLS-DA分析从挥发性和非挥发性角度均可将工夫红茶4种毛火方式显著区分,并分别获得了43种和18种差异化合物,结合差异性分析获得标志性差异化合物,2,4,6-三(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-甲基环己-2,5-二烯-1-酮、香叶醇、3-辛酮、水杨酸甲酯、茶黄素、茶褐素、可溶性糖、表儿茶素等,可作为区分工夫红茶毛火方式,以及定向加工甜香、甜醇、高亮等优质工夫红茶的指标物质。该研究为红茶加工基础和品质提升提供技术参考和理论指导。 相似文献
6.
自动化加工生产线改善机采绿茶理化品质研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以茶树机采鲜叶为原料,选配、改装和组建了茶叶加工自动化生产线,并跟踪加工工序中茶坯理化成分的动态变化,以同一原料所制的传统炒青工艺为对照,比较新设备和新工艺对机采卷曲形绿茶色泽和品质成分的影响。结果发现:新的生产线在杀青、二青、做形和提香等关键工序中,集成应用了电磁加热耦合热风、热管余热回收和流化床干燥技术,提高了茶叶的滋味和色泽品质,所制卷曲形绿茶的感官得分比传统炒青绿茶高2分,酚氨比相对较低(P0.05),干茶的色相值、茶汤、叶底的亮度和色相值相对更好(P0.01);相比传统单机加工设备,该生产线可日均生产绿茶1 750 kg,产能提高了37.5%,能耗成本为4.6～4.8元/kg干茶;热效率提高100%,用工成本减少50%。机采卷曲形绿茶自动化生产线扩大了茶叶加工产能,减轻了劳动强度,提高了卷曲形绿茶品质,为实际生产提供了指导。 相似文献
7.
C Astill M R Birch C Dacombe P G Humphrey P T Martin 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(11):5340-5347
The effects of product and preparation variables on the in-cup chemical composition of tea extracts is of interest because the appearance and taste characteristics and the possible health effects of a tea liquor arise from the chemical components extracted from the leaf during tea preparation. A comprehensive study was therefore undertaken to determine the contributions of product and preparation variables on the total soluble solids, caffeine, and polyphenol contents of tea extracts. The results of this study show that the variety, growing environment, manufacturing conditions, and grade (particle size) of the tea leaves each influence the tea leaf and final infusion compositions. In addition, the composition of the tea infusion was shown to be influenced by whether the tea was contained in a teabag and, if so, the size and material of construction of the bag. Finally, the preparation method, including the amounts of tea and water used, infusion time, and amount of agitation, was shown to be a major determinant of the component concentrations of tea beverages as consumed. An illustration of the variation introduced by these product and preparation factors is provided by comparing solids, caffeine, and polyphenol contents of green and black tea infusions when commercial products are prepared according to the instructions given on their packaging. 相似文献
8.
Role of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase in the generation of black tea theaflavins. 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
N Subramanian P Venkatesh S Ganguli V P Sinkar 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(7):2571-2578
It has been reported earlier that when macerated tea leaf is fermented at lower pH, the resultant black tea contains increased levels of theaflavin, an important quality marker in black tea. In an attempt to investigate the biochemistry and chemistry underlying this observation, in vitro oxidation experiments using polyphenol oxidase (PPO) from fresh tea leaves, horseradish peroxidase (POD), and tea catechins, precursors for theaflavins, were carried out. In vitro oxidation experiments using crude tea PPO resulted in higher content of theaflavins at pH 4.5 in comparison with pH 5.5, the normal pH of the macerated tea leaf. When purified PPO was used in the in vitro system, surprisingly a reversal of this trend was observed, with more theaflavins being formed at the higher pH. A combination of pure tea PPO and POD led to an observation similar to that with the crude enzyme preparation, suggesting a possible role for POD in the formation or degradation of theaflavin. POD was observed to oxidize theaflavins in the presence of H(2)O(2), leading to the formation of thearubigin, another black tea pigment. This paper demonstrates that tea PPO, while oxidizing catechins, generates H(2)O(2). The amount of H(2)O(2) produced is greater at pH 5.5, the optimum pH for PPO activity, than at pH 4.5. Hence, an observed increase of theaflavins in black teas fermented at pH 4.5 appears to be due to lower turnover of formed theaflavins into thearubigins. 相似文献
9.
福建省铁观音茶园土壤镁素状况研究 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
调查了福建省安溪县、华安县和永春县等铁观音茶主产区的150个茶园表土和相应的茶叶镁素含量状况,探讨了铁观音茶园土壤镁素供应能力及其与土壤条件之间的关系。结果表明,供试铁观音茶园土壤全镁含量平均值为1.77 g/kg;其中以变质岩类发育的土壤全镁最高,而花岗岩类发育的土壤全镁最低。土壤全镁含量与有机质含量和0.02～0.002 mm粉砂粒含量呈显著正相关,与2～0.02 mm颗粒含量呈极显著负相关。土壤交换性镁含量平均值仅为9.63 mg/kg,土壤普遍缺镁。交换性镁含与pH、有机质含量和土壤全镁呈之间显著正相关,土壤镁有效度与0.002 mm 颗粒含量之间呈显著负相关。茶叶镁含量平均值为1.78 g/kg,与交换性镁含量呈极显著正相关。 相似文献
10.
苜蓿不同部位干燥和质量特性研究 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
研究了几种干燥条件（干燥温度：100～200℃,表现速度：0.15～0.45m/s）对苜蓿各部位的干燥特性和品质指标的影响规律。收割后的苜蓿被分成茎秆、压扁茎秆、带叶的压扁茎秆和叶片。苜蓿的品质指标包括茎叶水分差异、粗蛋白质和粗纤维。随着干燥温度和表现速度的增加,苜蓿的干燥速度也增加,其中叶片干燥速度最高,未压扁的茎秆速度最低,并且叶片和茎秆的水分差异也增大。当干燥温度低于160℃时,苜蓿叶片中的蛋白质没有显著变化,同时绿度(同时表现速度不大于0.3 m/s)增加。在本研究中,干燥温度为160℃和表现速度0.3 m/s的干燥条件可以同时保证干燥速度和干燥后的苜蓿品质。 相似文献
11.
Antifungal activities of major tea leaf volatile constituents toward Colletorichum camelliae Massea 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
A crude glycosidic fraction was prepared from fresh tea leaves and treated with the crude tea enzyme, fractions of cis-3-hexenol, linalool oxide I (cis-furanoid), linalool oxide II (trans-furanoid), linalool, methyl salicylate, geraniol, benzyl alcohol, and 2-phenylethanol were monitored to be the major aglycone moieties by analyzing the released volatiles. The amount of the released aglycone moieties is 5.8 times higher than those in free form. For investigation of the functions of the glycosidically bound form aroma constituents in tea leaves, their antifungal activities were determined by antifungal assay. Geraniol, linalool, methyl salicylate, benzyl alcohol, and 2-phenylethanol exhibited significant antifungal activities toward Colletorichum camelliae Massea, although cis-3-hexenol and linalool oxides showed weaker activities by comparison. Among them, geraniol was shown to be the most potential antifungal substance with a MIC value of 440 microg/mL. The crude glycosidic fraction prepared from tea leaves also exhibited significant antifungal activities in a wide range of concentrations from 2 to 25 mg/mL in a PDA medium. It was deduced that the glycosidically bound volatiles are formed and stored in the intact tissue of tea leaf and hydrolyzed by the actions of both the endogenous and the exogenous glycosidases to release volatiles as antifungal substances when exposed to Colletorichum camelliae Massea. The results suggested that the higher content of the bound form geraniol in tea leaves of var. sinensis might be responsible for their stronger antipathogen properties toward tea leaf blight, as opposed to those of var. assamica. 相似文献
12.
不同遮荫水平对茶树光合环境及茶叶品质的影响 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
试验研究了夏秋季80%、61%、37%遮光率遮阳网覆盖处理对茶园生态环境、茶树光合作用特性和茶叶内含成分的影响。结果表明:与露地对照茶园相比,3种遮光率遮荫处理茶园夏秋季气温、叶面温度、地面温度和土壤温度均明显降低;茶园土壤水分含量、茶园空气湿度明显提高。遮荫改善了茶园生态环境,且遮光率越高,效果越明显。与对照茶园比较,80%、61%、37%遮光率遮阳网覆盖处理日平均净光合速率增加了365%、283%和68%;茶叶新梢的叶绿素a含量增加了57.5%、29.3%和15.9%,叶绿素总量增加了52.2%、29.2%和14.3%;茶叶氨基酸含量增加了68.6%、33.5%和2.16%;茶叶茶多酚含量降低了15.3%、12.5%和5.4%。80%遮光率处理1芽2叶新梢制作的茶叶酚氨比达到名优绿茶标准,61%遮光率和37%遮光率处理的茶叶酚氨比也均达到高档绿茶标准,茶叶品质明显优于对照茶园。 相似文献
13.
In a black tea (Dimbula) infusion, the potent "sweet and/or juicy" odorants were identified as the cis- and trans-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenals by comparison of their gas chromatography retention indices, mass spectra, and odor quality to those of the actual synthetic compounds. Of the two odorants, cis-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal has been identified for the first time in the black tea. On the basis of the aroma extract dilution analysis on the flavor distillate obtained using the solvent-assisted flavor evaporation technique from the black tea infusion, these isomers showed higher flavor dilution (FD) factors. The FD factors and concentrations of these odorants in the black tea infusion were observed to be much higher than those from Japanese green tea. In addition, the model studies showed that these odorants were generated from linoleic acid and its hydroperoxides by heating, but the generated amounts of these odorants from linoleic acid were much less than those of its hydroperoxides. It can be assumed from these results that the withering and fermentation, which are characteristic processes during the manufacturing of the black tea, which includes the enzymatic reaction such as lipoxygenase, is one of the most important factors for the formation of the epoxydecenal isomers. 相似文献
14.
Total phenol, catechin, and caffeine contents of teas commonly consumed in the United kingdom. 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Levels of total phenol, catechins, and caffeine in teas commonly consumed in the United Kingdom have been determined using reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Tea bags or tea leaves were purchased from local supermarkets and extracted in boiling water for 5 min. The resulting data showed considerable variability in both total phenols [80.5-134.9 mg/g of dry matter (DM) in black teas and 87-106.2 mg/g of DM in green teas] and catechins (5.6-47.5, 51.5-84.3, and 8.5-13.9 mg/g of DM in black, green, and fruit teas, respectively); this was most probably a result of differing agronomic conditions, leaf age, and storage during and after transport, as well as the degree of fermentation. Caffeine contents of black teas (22-28 mg/g of DM) were significantly higher than in less fermented green teas (11-20 mg/g of DM). The relative concentration of the five major tea catechins ranked EGCG > ECG > EC > EGC > C. The estimated U.K. dietary intakes of total tea catechins, calculated on the basis of an average tea consumption of three cups of tea (200 mL cup, 1% tea leaves w/v), were 61.5, 92.7, and 405.5 mg/day from fruit teas, black teas, and green teas, respectively. The coefficients of variation were 19.4, 88.6, and 17.3%, respectively, indicating the wide variation in these intakes. The calculated caffeine intake ranged between 92 and 146 mg/day. In addition, many individuals will consume much larger quantities of tea, of various strengths (as determined by the brewing conditions employed). This broad spread of U.K. daily intakes further emphasizes the need for additional research to relate intake and effect in various population groups. 相似文献
15.
Comparative studies on the hypolipidemic and growth suppressive effects of oolong, black, pu-erh, and green tea leaves in rats 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Kuo KL Weng MS Chiang CT Tsai YJ Lin-Shiau SY Lin JK 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(2):480-489
The four major commercial teas, oolong, black, pu-erh, and green teas, have been manufactured in southeast Asia. In this study, we evaluated the growth suppressive and hypolipidemic effect of these four different tea leaves by oral feeding to male Sprague-Dawley rats for 30 weeks. The results showed that the suppression of body weights of tea leaves-fed groups were in the order: oolong tea > pu-erh tea > black tea > green tea. Pu-erh tea and oolong tea could lower the levels of triglyceride more significantly than that of green tea and black tea, but pu-erh tea and green tea were more efficient than oolong tea and black tea in lowering the level of total cholesterol. In lipoprotein, 4% pu-erh tea could increase the level of HDL-C and decrease the level of LDL-C, but other teas simply decrease the levels of both. The activity of antioxidant enzyme SOD is increased in all tea-fed groups as compared to the basal diet-fed group. Finally, relative weight ratios of liver to epididylmal adipose tissue were lower in feeding oolong tea and pu-erh tea groups. On the basis of these findings, it seemed that the fully fermented pu-erh and black tea leaves and partially fermented oolong tea leaves were more effective on their growth suppressive and hypolipidemic effects as compared to the nonfermented green tea leaves. 相似文献
16.
不同干燥方法对罗非鱼片品质和微观结构的影响 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6
为了解不同干燥方法对罗非鱼片干燥后品质和微观结构的影响,采用热风干燥、真空冷冻干燥、超临界CO2干燥等3种方法对罗非鱼片进行干燥,研究其对营养成分、微生物、感官特征、复水性能、质构特征、微观结构等的影响。结果表明:与热风干燥和真空冷冻干燥相比,超临界CO2干燥的鱼片,粗蛋白含量高,脂肪含量较低;且在杀灭微生物方面有着显著的优势;但其鱼片的收缩率和复水特性稍差于真空冷冻干燥,而其感官、质构和微观结构等品质均与真空冷冻干燥的相当,而所有品质都明显优于热风干燥;结合经济性等综合考虑,罗非鱼片应用超临界CO2干燥是可行的。研究结果可为罗非鱼片干燥技术的选择提供参考。 相似文献
17.
为了揭示茶叶籽贮藏时间对发酵法茶叶籽毛油产率与质量的影响,每2周从贮藏的茶叶籽中取样,利用茶叶籽油发酵法生产工艺进行茶叶籽毛油生产,并对工艺中各项剩余物的含油量及毛油的重要质量指标进行了测定,结果如下。室温条件下,茶叶籽贮藏47周后,毛油产率下降了23.5%、酸值及过氧化值分别升高了44.88%及69.4%,毛油色泽基本没有变化。滤渣、发酵沉淀的质量分别升高了20.27%及23.35%;淀粉、油渣质量分别降低了6.13%及3.64%。滤渣、发酵沉淀、淀粉及油渣含油率分别升高了15.63%、22.77%、206%及12.88%。发酵沉淀质量对毛油产率的影响是正向的,淀粉、油渣及滤渣质量对毛油产率的影响是负向的;发酵沉淀及滤渣含油率对毛油产率的影响是正向的,淀粉及油渣含油量对毛油产率的影响是负向的,影响大小的排序为:油渣淀粉滤渣发酵沉淀。综合分析表明,滤渣是通过滤渣质量的增加导致毛油产率随贮藏时间下降的,其下降作用的贡献占全部下降因素的79.28%。贮藏47周后的茶叶籽仁,利用发酵法生产工艺仍然具有毛油生产价值。该研究可为茶叶籽油合理生产提供理论支撑。 相似文献
18.
目前莲子干燥仍以传统热风干燥为主,该方式不仅能耗高,耗时长,且莲子品质不佳,严重制约了莲子产业的高质量发展。为了提高莲子干燥品质、缩短干燥时间和降低能耗,该研究比较了间歇式微波恒定功率和微波分段变功率两种微波真空干燥法,分析了微波功率、干燥时间对莲子干燥特性影响。研究结果表明,间歇式微波分段变功率真空干燥较佳工艺参数为:真空度0.1 MPa,微波工作间歇方式为1.5 min-开/1.5 min-关,干燥过程分两个阶段进行,第一阶段在微波功率1 600 W条件下共工作3 min,间歇3 min,第二阶段在微波功率1 200 W条件下共工作3 min,间歇3 min。在此条件下,莲子主要营养成分中淀粉含量43.43 g/100 g,与恒定微波功率真空干燥(40.83～43.80 g/100 g)和传统热风干燥(42.73g/100 g)效果相当;蛋白质含量为19.37 g/100g,高于恒定微波功率真空干燥(18.17～18.67g/100 g)与热风干燥(18.57 g/100 g);膳食纤维含量为14.60 g/100 g,是热风干燥(6.94 g/100 g)的2.10倍,具有显著性差异(P0.05),与恒定微波功率真空干燥(11.03～14.70 g/100 g)无明显差异(P0.05);单位质量干燥能耗为7 848 kJ/kg,相较于传统热风干燥(465 012 kJ/kg)和恒定微波功率真空干燥(10 440～15 012 kJ/kg),干燥时间缩短,能耗降低。研究结果为莲子的加工生产提供理论支持。 相似文献
19.
Identification and comparison of phenolic compounds in the preparation of oolong tea manufactured by semifermentation and drying processes 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Oolong tea manufactured via a semifermentation process possesses a taste and color somewhere between green and black teas. Alteration of constituents, particularly phenolic compounds, in the infusion of oolong tea resulting from its manufacture, was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The identified constituents contained 2 alkaloids, 11 flavan-3-ols, 8 organic acids and esters, 11 proanthocyanidin dimers, 3 theaflavins, and 22 flavonoid glycosides, including 6 novel acylated flavonol glycosides. The tentative structures of these 6 novel compounds were depicted according to their mass fragmentation patterns in MS(n) (n = 1-4). In comparison with caffeine as an internal standard, relative contents of the constituents in the infusions of fresh tea shoot and different oolong tea preparations were examined. Approximately, 30% catechins and 20% proanthocyanidins were oxidized during the manufacture of oolong tea from fresh tea shoots, and 20% of total flavonoids were decomposed in a follow-up drying process. Gallocatechin-3-O-gallate and theaflavins putatively produced in the semifermentation process of oolong tea were not detected in fresh tea shoots, and the majority of theaflavins were presumably transformed into thearubigins after drying. 相似文献