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1.
Prof. Dr. Moustafa S. Saleh 《Journal of pest science》1989,62(8):158-160
The larvicidal activity of sustained-release formulations ofBacillus thuringiensis H-14 (Bactimos briquets) and controlledrelease plastic formulations of Abate against mosquito larvae ofAedes aegypti (L.) has been evaluated. The test formulations provided continuous effective control with 90–100% larval mortality for several weeks. The presence of suspended soil constituents was associated with a lowering of larval mortality and tended to reduce the durations of effective control of Bactimos and Abate plastic pellets against mosquito larvae by about 1.8 and 2.2 times, respectively. Treatments with such formulations did not appear to prevent hatch of eggs which oviposited after application, but all newly hatched larvae failed to develop beyond the second instar. 相似文献
2.
Abd El-Ghany M. El-Sayed Prof. Dr. Gamal E. S. Abo El-Ghar 《Journal of pest science》1992,65(3):54-57
Studies were conducted in cucumber fields to evaluate the standard and reduced dosage rates of 5 insecticides for control the cotton whiteflyBemisia tabaci (Genn.) and melon aphidAphis gossypii Glov. and effect of insecticide application on associated parasites and predators. Eggs of whitefly appeared to be less susceptibility to all treatments (max. 66% reduction) than larval and pupal stages. Populations of larval and pupal stages of whitefly were significantly reduced in all treated plots. For example (larvae on day 10 after treatment with ethiofencarb, diafenthiuron, and chlorpyrifos methyl 67, 50, and 68% pupae 68, 69, and 75%). Two aphelinid parasitoids,Eretmocerus mundus Mercet andProspaltella lutea Masi, were the most primary important parasitoids of the whitefly pupae in all test plots. Percent parasitism, in most treated plots, were slightly affected as a result of insecticide application. However, all tested insecticides and dosage rates caused severe suppression of emergence of adult parasitoids. Moreover, longevity of adult parasitoids were highly decreased. Populations of the melon aphid were extremely reduced, especially by ethiofencarb and diafenthiuron. Populations of predator species (Chrysopa carnea Steph.,Coccinella undecimpunctata Reiche andSyrphus spp.) were reduced in all treated plots. However, ethiofencarb applied at rates as low as 208.4g a.i./1001 provided equally effective aphid control and conserved numbers of insect predators in the treated plots. Also, the prothiofos and chlorpyrifos methyl applications at rates as low as 166.7 g a.i./1001 kept aphid numbers below than those in control and caused a smaller reduction in the combined populations of insect predators. 相似文献
3.
土栖白蚁是园林树木的重要害虫[1],以往大多采用挖掘蚁巢和药剂毒杀等方法防治,前者往往挖掘不尽,有时还出现人为分巢,促进繁殖;后者易污染环境,杀伤天敌,特别是抑制白蚁对园林生态的积极作用[2]。笔者根据白蚁主要生活习性及园林生态特点,于1996～1998年应用驱避剂进行防治园林土栖白蚁试验,以达到既保护园林树木,又维护园林生态环境的目的。对防治土栖白蚁过去虽有报道[2,3],但应用驱避剂防治研究却尚属首次。现将初步研究结果报道如下,以供城市公园、森林公园及古树名木白蚁防治作参考。1 材料与方法1.1 试验地概况浙江省余杭市临平公… 相似文献
4.
Tests were made to determine the possible juvenilizing effects of three insect growth regulators (IGRs) namely, IKI 7899, SIR 8514 and Dowco 439 on immature stages and adults ofCulex pipiens L. using the IC50 values (concentration to inhibit the emergence of 50% of adults) as a criterion. The results indicated that IKI 7899 (0.00031 μg/ml) proved to be the most effective compound followed by SIR 8514 (0.0052 μ/ml) and Dowco 439 (0.029 μg/ml). Apart from lethal action, treatment of fourth larval instars with the IC25 values (concentration to inhibit the emergence of 25% of adults) of the above-mentioned IGRs affected the reproductive capacity of surviving adults. Moreover, larval treatments with these compounds led to a marked prolongation in the duration of first gonotrophic cycle. There was also an increase in the proportion of survived females/males ofC. pipiens after these larval treatments. 相似文献
5.
Dr. Moustafa S. Saleh 《Journal of pest science》1987,60(3):55-57
Two bacterial insecticides,Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 andB. sphaericus 1593 were evaluated for larvicidal potency against mosquito larvae ofAedes aegypti. LC50 values showed thatB.thuringiensis H-14 (4×105 spores/ml) had a higher pathogenicity against fourth larval instars ofA. aegypti thanB. sphaericus (3.1×106 spores/ml) by about 7.75 times. Larval selection with LC90 of both pathogens for 8 successive generations caused a decrease in the susceptibility levels of selected strains ofA. aegypti as compared with the original strain. Moreover, the results indicated that the effect of larval selection with the above bioinsecticides led to an obvious reduction in the egg production and hatchability of eggs produced by mosquito adults that developed from surviving larvae. 相似文献
6.
Dipl.-Biol. S. Engler J. Morawcsik W. Schnetter A. Krieg 《Journal of pest science》1980,53(12):181-184
Preparations derived from sporulated cultures ofBacillus thuringiensis var.israelensis were used in a small field trial for control of mosquito larvae (Aedes cantans, Aedes rusticus, Culiseta morsitans). In the test two liquid formulations (suspension) were compared: (1) a native preparation containing living spores and toxic crystals, and (2) a preparation in which the spores have been inactivated to a high degree (99.99%) by ultraviolet rays. The efficacy of both preparations against mosquito larvae showed no difference: doses of 104 to 105 spore equvalents/ml, induced 100% mortality of the target insects. But no harmful effect on non-target organisms (especially water arthropods with exception of Chironomidae larvae) could be observed. To minimize the contamination of surface water with living spores, the use of UV-inactivated preparations ofB. t. var.israelensis is indicated for mosquito control. 相似文献
7.
Chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and methanol extracts of fruit mesocarp of Balanites aegyptiaca and five fractions from the methanol extract were tested against the Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. All extracts showed larvicidal effects however the highest larval mortality was found in methanol extract. One fraction obtained from the silica gel column chromatography of the latter was found most effective for larval mortality. This fraction also interfered with adult emergence. A concentration of 0.0014% (w/v) of this active fraction showed inhibition of the 50% of the test larval population from emerging adults (EC(50)). The analysis of total saponin content of these tested extracts and fractions revealed a strong correlation between saponin content and larval mortality. 相似文献
8.
In laboratory trials with the pathogenBacillus thuringiensis H-14 (B. t. H-14) against culicine larvae ofCulex pipiens L. andAedes aegypti (L.), the following factors significantly influenced larvicidal activity: larval instars, mosquito species, exposure time and temperature. Variation in water pH, however, did not significantly affected efficacy. Different levels of potentiation and additive effects were also obtained when the bacterial agentB. t. H-14 applied jointly with the chemical insecticides malathion, dursban and fenvalerate against mosquito larvae. 相似文献
9.
《Fitoterapia》1999,70(3):237-243
Nineteen mosquito coil formulations, each containing a different plant, were prepared and investigated for their knock-down and 24-h mortality values against Aedes aegypti. Among them, only Azadirachta indica, Fernandao adenophylla, Eurycoma longifolia, Aloe vera and Cymbopogon nardus showed moderate knock-down (KD) values, though the mortality values were insignificant. When d-trans-allethrin (0.01–0.1%) was added, the coils showed dose-dependent KD50, KD90 and mortality values. At 0.1% d-trans-allethrin concentration, the coils showed KD values comparable with those of a reference commercial mosquito coil containing a same amount of pyrethroid, while C. nardus coil exhibited significantly shorter KD values. The mortality values observed with coils of C. nardus, A. vera and A. indica containing 0.1% d-trans-allethrin were significantly greater than that of the reference coil. 相似文献
10.
11.
Qie Xingtao Sun Anqi Hao Huanhuan Lv Bo Wu Wenjun Hu Zhaonong 《Journal of pest science》2022,95(1):397-408
The development of resistance to mosquitocides highlights the need for new insecticides that can be incorporated into a rational resistance management strategy. Botanical insecticides that are highly effective and safe to non-target organisms have recently gained attention. Haedoxan A (HA) is a lignan isolated from Phryma leptostachya L. that exhibits high activity against mosquito larvae. In the present study, we subjected Waco mosquitoes, a susceptible Aedes aegypti (L.) line, to selection with HA to investigate the insecticidal properties of HA and the mechanisms underlying the development of HA resistance. The resistance ratio achieved by third instar larvae from the HA-resistant (HAR) line at G19 was 20.354-fold higher than that of the Waco line. Synergist tests showed that the HAR line developed resistance mainly via enhanced cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase activity. The realized heritability of resistance to HA in Ae. aegypti was 0.159. Resistance risk assessment indicated that 18 generations of Ae. aegypti are required for a tenfold increase in the LC50 in real-world HA application. Moreover, HA had very low cross-resistance with imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos in the HAR line compared with the Waco line. Therefore, HA shows promise as a botanical insecticide for mosquito control.
相似文献12.
Toxicity of ivermectin (Ivecop-12), a derivative of avermectin B, produced by a soil actinomycete, Streptomyces avermitilis, was evaluated in laboratory against the larvae of Spirama retorta Cramer (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a major stenophagous insect defoliator of Albizia spp. (family Leguminosae) in nurseries and young plantations. The study was conducted with eight treatment concentrations
of lethal and sub-lethal doses. Results revealed that ivermectin is highly toxic and induce larval mortality when applied
separately on host plant leaves and larvae, and on leaves and larvae of the insect pest together. The nature of treatment
affects the larval mortality. Treatment of host plant leaves alone as well as leaves together with larvae showed 100% mortality
by the treatment of 0.075% concentration whereas only 95% larval mortality was recorded due to larval treatment by the concentration
of 1.2%. The LC50 value of the tested product was worked out to be 0.014, 0.170 and 0.012% for leaf and larval treatments separately and leaf
and larval treatments together, respectively, against the insect pest. This clearly shows that ivermectin is more effective
in larval killing when ingested through food. Further, the adults developed from treatments of sub-lethal concentrations and
subsequently, when mated laid significantly (P < 0.05–0.01) less number of eggs and also showed significant (P < 0.05–0.01) reduction in hatching percentage compared to control. These observations suggest that the tested bioproduct,
ivermectin, interfere physiological programming of larvae thereby causing alteration in fecundity and fertility of the target
insect pest. 相似文献
13.
M. Faccoli 《Journal of pest science》2002,75(3):62-68
A study concerning the winter mortality of a sub-corticolous population of Ips typographus and its parasitoids has been carried out in the south-eastern Alps (Italy) during the winter 1997/98. Three attacked spruce trees were sampled three times (November, February and April) by collecting infested bark disks (1?dm2 each). All insects that emerged from the bark or died in the samples before emergence were counted. The mean number of living Ips typographus occurring under the bark decreases by 49?% from November to April. Winter mortality mainly affects larval stages and young adults. The same trend was observed for the parasitoids Coeloides bostrychorum (48.5?%) and Roptrocerus xylophagorum (47.5?%). 相似文献
14.
G. J. Stathas 《Journal of pest science》2001,74(5):113-116
Morphological characteristics of immature developmental stages of Rhyzobius lophanthae Blaisdell (Col.: Coccinellidae), predator of scale insects of the family Diaspididae (Homoptera), are described. Data about the morphology of eggs, the four larval instars, and the pupa is presented. Larval instars are described in more detail: size of head capsule, length of tibia, distribution of dorsal and lateral setae of abdomen segments for each larval instar is reported. Distribution of spiracles is also given. Study on the biology concerns the influence of prey on the duration of instar periods. The diaspidids Aspidiotus nerii and Aonidiella aurantii were used as food. The mean duration of the developmental period from egg to adult was 27.1 days, and no mortality was observed (0?%) when A. nerii was used as prey. The respective numbers when the prey was A. aurantii were 48.8 days and 84?%. 相似文献
15.
The lethal and sublethal effects of chlorantraniliprole against Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) were evaluated under laboratory conditions by oral exposure of neonate larvae to the compound. The 72 h LC50 value of this insecticide to S. exigua was found to be 12.747 μg l−1. A progressive larval mortality of 24.32% for LC30 treatment and 42.61% for LC50 treatment was observed from 4th to 6th day after exposure, which resulted in the reduced pupation rates in exposure groups.
The sublethal effects of this chemical were indicated by prolongation of larval period, the increase of pupal weight and decrease
in hatch rate of egg. Chlorantraniliprole at LC30 and LC50 rate significantly delayed larval development; the developmental duration of surviving larvae was extended for 22.5 and 28.6%,
respectively, compared with that of control group. LC30 treatment increased the mean weight of pupa and induced to the production of heavier pupa (>150 mg). In LC50 treatment, heavier pupa also showed up but the mean weight of pupa was not influenced. The egg hatch rate in LC50 group was significant lower than that in control and LC30 groups. No significant differences in pupal duration, emergence rate, sex ratio, egg number per female, and longevity of
adults were observed among treatments. Chlorantraniliprole had exceptional activity against S. exigua according to concentration–response bioassay in laboratory, and the toxicities were primarily resulted from immediate lethality. 相似文献
16.
Effect of different seed treatments on dormancy breaking and germination in three species in arid and semi-arid lands 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Seeds of many woody plant species have one of several types of dormancy. They do not germinate unless specific environmental signals are in place or events occur. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of scarification treatments on seed dormancy and germination of Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Del., Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. and Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. The following treatments were applied: T1, untreated seed (control); T2, sulphuric acid (97%) for 45 min; T3, boiling water for 5 min. The seeds were cultured on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium after sterilization. The responses of seeds to treatments were compared with each other and with the control treatment. Germination was observed daily for a 30-day period. Results indicated positive responses to treatments, while impermeable seed coats may be responsible for low germination rates in intact seeds as seen experimentally in the untreated control. The highest germination was obtained for P. juliflora and D. viscosa acid-scarified seeds (80.8%-90.8%) and for scarified seeds of A. nilotica (50.2%) boiled in water. The germination indices, i.e., final germination percentage (FG), mean daily germination (MDG) and germination rate (GR), were significantly affected by treatments and species (p<0.01). 相似文献
17.
20%毒死蜱微胶囊悬浮剂防治松墨天牛成虫药效试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以8%氯氰菊酯(绿色威雷)微胶囊悬浮剂为对照药剂,测定了20%毒死蜱微胶囊悬浮剂对松墨天牛成虫的防治效果。野外罩笼试验结果表明,药后1 d,毒死蜱500,400,300倍和8%氯氰菊酯300倍处理的松墨天牛成虫校正死亡率分别为60.13%,60.78%,73.63%和60.73%;药后第3天,各处理校正死亡率达83.92%~89.68%,处理之间差异不显著。罩笼试验的持效期可达15 d以上。野外原木材垛上的药效试验结果显示,药后第7天,毒死蜱600,300倍和8%氯氰菊酯300倍处理的防治效果依次为64.68%,63.12%和72.92%,处理间无明显差异。研究结果表明,20%毒死蜱微胶囊悬浮剂对松墨天牛成虫的防治效果与8%氯氰菊酯微胶囊悬浮剂接近,可以作为替代药剂交替使用,以延缓靶标害虫抗药性的产生。 相似文献
18.
Spinetoram and spinosad have been evaluated against certain stored-product insect pests with success but there are no data available on the comparison of the efficacy of these two novel compounds in stored grains. Thus, laboratory bioassays were conducted to compare spinetoram and spinosad as grain protectants against Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) adults, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) adults, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) adults, and Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) adults and larvae. Factors such as treatment (1 ppm spinetoram, 1 ppm spinosad, 0.1 ppm spinetoram + 0.9 ppm spinosad, 0.5 ppm spinetoram + 0.5 ppm spinosad, and 0.9 ppm spinetoram + 0.1 ppm spinosad), exposure interval (1, 2, 7, and 14 days), temperature (20, 25, and 30 °C), and commodity (barley, maize, rye, and wheat) were evaluated. Progeny production was assessed after 60 days of exposure. Concerning temperatures, for P. truncatus adults, after 14 days of exposure, all adults were dead in treatments except of the case of spinosad alone at 20 °C. Offspring emergence was completely suppressed in all treatments at 20 and 25 °C. For R. dominica adults, after 7 days of exposure, the overall mortality ranged from 92.8 to 100 %. After 14 days of exposure, all adults were dead in all treatments of the combined use of spinetoram and spinosad at 25 and 30 °C. Progeny production was completely suppressed in all treatments at 30 °C. For S. oryzae adults, after 7 days of exposure, all S. oryzae were died at 25 and 30 °C in all treatments except in the case of spinosad alone. Offspring emergence was very low in all treatments and temperatures except in the case of spinosad alone at 30 °C. For T. confusum adults, after 1, 2, and 7 days of exposure, the overall mortality was low in all treatments and temperatures. Concerning commodities, for R. dominica adults, after 7 and 14 days of exposure, the overall mortality was >97 %. Offspring emergence was very low in all commodities. For S. oryzae adults, after 7 and 14 days of exposure, the overall mortality was increased exceeding 91 % except in the case of spinosad alone 7 days after exposure in barley. Progeny production was high in barley and rye in all treatments. For T. confusum adults, after 7 and 14 days, the overall mortality was low in barley, rye, and wheat. No offspring emergence was recorded in all treatments and commodities. For T. confusum larvae, after 14 days of exposure mortality was further increased, but did not reach 100 % for any of the combinations tested. The results of the present study suggest that the simultaneous application of spinetoram and spinosad was generally equally effective with the use of either spinosad or spinetoram alone. Furthermore, the increase of dose of either compound resulted in the same mortality levels. Thus, no benefits were achieved when spinetoram and spinosad were used simultaneously on grains, regardless of the proportion of each ingredient. These issues should be seriously considered when control measures against stored-product insects are designed. 相似文献
19.
Investigations conducted in the laboratory for comparing the efficacy of phosphine with that of mixtures of the gas plus carbon dioxide against diapause larvae ofTrogoderma granarium showed that addition of varying concentrations of CO2 (20, 50, 75 and 100%) to fixed PH3-concentrations had a negative influence on phosphine efficacy against diapause larvae of Khapra Beetle at 30°C for short exposure periods of 18 and 24 hours. On the other hand, it was found that for longer exposure periods of 48 and 72 hours, the addition of CO2 to phosphine induced significantly higher larval mortality than that by PH3 alone, whereby an additive effect was proved for mixtures contained PH3+75% and 100% CO2. The addition of 20% and 50% CO2 to PH3 at 20°C did not show any increase in larval mortalities of the mixtures for exposure periods between 24–96 hours. The larval mortalities obtained for an atmosphere contained 20 and 50% CO2 alone at 20 and 30°C was (0–6%) and (10–40%), respectively, after 10 days exposure period. 相似文献
20.
Pablo C. Gontijo Valéria F. Moscardini J. P. Michaud Geraldo A. Carvalho 《Journal of pest science》2014,87(4):711-719
The use of systemic insecticides as seed treatments has raised concern about the possible impacts of these products on natural enemies. This study assessed the effects of sunflower seed treatments with chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam on Chrysoperla carnea by exposing larvae and adults to sunflower stem segments grown from treated seeds and the nectar secreted by their extrafloral nectaries. Confinement of larvae with stem segments for their entire developmental period had no effect on their survival or any life history parameter, except that the sex ratio of resulting adults was lower in the thiamethoxam treatment than in chlorantraniliprole. However, when adult pairs of C. carnea were exposed to treated stem segments during their maturation period, their subsequent survival and fecundity was significantly reduced by both materials, with thiamethoxam reducing median survival (LT50) and fecundity to a greater degree than chlorantraniliprole. Insufficient offspring were obtained from adults exposed to thiamethoxam to permit assessment of their fitness, but the offspring in the chlorantraniliprole-exposed adults had reduced larval survival relative to controls. The greater impact of seed treatments on adult lacewings may be partly attributable to their greater consumption of extra-floral nectar. Our results indicate that seed treatment with systemic insecticides can cause negative effects on beneficial insects, potentially disrupting their population dynamics, and should not be assumed compatible with biological control and IPM simply because this mode of application limits direct exposure. 相似文献