共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Klaudia Oleschko Fernando Brambila Flor Aceff Lucy P. Mora 《Soil & Tillage Research》1998,45(3-4):389-406
Self-similar fractals are useful models for soil solid and pore sets. The scaling properties of these fractals along a line and across an area can be described by the fractal dimensions. One method, for estimating the soil areal fractal dimension from the solid and pore set distributions along the lines, was proposed and tested with real macro- and micromorphological data on three soils of Mexico. The soil areal fractal dimension (Da) was compared with the soil mass fractal dimension (Dm) estimated by two-dimensional binary image analysis, separately for solids and pores. Both methods are based on the box-counting technique and are suitable for determining the soil ‘box' or ‘capacity' fractal dimension, that seems to be apt to estimate the alternative filling of an area by a fractal set of solids and pores. This paper examines the relations between the fractal dimensions obtained along a line, across an area and directly from the image. Analysis of Da and Dm data seems to suggest that both soil genesis and management practice can contribute to areal fractal dimension dynamics. It was shown that fractal dimensions are useful parameters able to monitor tillage influence on soil properties and to estimate the degree of soil compaction. 相似文献
2.
在对长江三峡库区坡耕地植物篱系统调查样地土壤样品颗粒分析的基础上,对植物篱系统内土壤颗粒分布及土壤分形维数与土壤物理性质和土壤养分含量的关系进行了研究,结果表明:（1）乔木类、草本类和灌木类植物篱带间坡耕地土壤砂粒含量比其对应的植物篱带内土壤沙砾平均含量分别高10.4%,13.7%和9.2%;而黏粒含量在植物篱带内富集,其平均含量比植物篱带间坡耕地土壤黏粒含量分别高14.3%,19.5%和10.7%;（2）土壤分形维数与土壤黏粒和土壤粉粒含量具有显著（P < 0.01）的正相关关系,而与土壤砂粒含量显著负相关。（3）土壤分形维数与土壤孔隙度、含水量和土壤饱和导水率极显著正相关,而土壤容重与分形维数呈显著负相关关系。土壤分形维数与土壤有机质、土壤全氮、土壤有效氮、土壤全钾、土壤有效钾、土壤全磷含量和阳离子交换量显著相关,而土壤有效磷含量和土壤分形维数相关性不显著。 相似文献
3.
Effect of rain on the macroporosity at the soil surface 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Rain falling on soil causes slaking, mechanical disruption of aggregates and compaction. Too few data exist to predict the changes likely to occur in particular soil, landscape and management conditions. Experiments with simulated rain were set up to study and to model mathematically the changes of the pore system within the surface layer of a soil when rain was applied on a field cropped with maize. Macroporosity, pore‐size and pore‐shape distributions, and the pore volume were measured by image analysis of thin sections and the fractal dimensions of the pore surface roughness were estimated. The general trends of changes in porosity indicated the presence of two different sets of processes at the surface (0–3 cm) and in the layer immediately underneath (3–6 cm). In both layers most of the variation in macroporosity was due to a loss of elongated porosity. A theoretical approach recently developed to link rain and erosion to sealing properties was extended to describing the effect of rain on the elongated porosity and the pore volume fractal dimension in these two layers. The resulting set of equations describe in detail the evolution of soil porosity near the soil surface. Our approach could be useful when modelling the effects of sealing processes in soil erosion. 相似文献
4.
We have developed the fractal approach to modelling variations in soil bulk density and porosity with scale of measurement or sample size. A new expression is derived for each quantity based on the pore–solid fractal (PSF) model of soil structure. This new general expression covers a range of fractal media and accommodates existing fractal models as special cases. Model outputs cover a range of scaling behaviour expressed in terms of monotonic functions, from increasing density and decreasing porosity, through constant porosity and density to decreasing density and increasing porosity with increasing scale of measurement. We demonstrate the link between this new model for the scaling of porosity and bulk density and the water retention model for the PSF. The model for scaling bulk density is fitted to data on aggregate bulk density and shown to yield good fits describing bulk density decreasing with increasing aggregate size. Porosity scaling is also inferred from the fitting of water retention data. Inferred porosities from different fittings are shown to follow decreasing, scale‐invariant and increasing values with decreasing size of structural unit, and these theoretical results emphasize the need for further experimental investigation on the basic issue of density scaling in soil science. 相似文献
5.
A. R. Russell 《European Journal of Soil Science》2010,61(3):412-424
A soil with double porosity is modelled as a collection of aggregated particles, in which a single aggregate is made up of discrete particles bonded together. Separate fractal distributions for pore sizes around and within aggregates are defined. The particle size distribution of the double porosity soil is also modelled using a fractal distribution, which may have a fractal dimension very different to those defining the pore sizes. The surface areas of the particles and the pores within the aggregates are assumed to be equal, enabling an expression linking two fractal dimensions to be defined. It is necessary to introduce ratios between maximum and minimum particle and pore sizes into the expression. A theoretical soil‐water characteristic curve is then derived for a double porosity soil. The curve, and the underlying assumptions regarding the distributions of pore and particle sizes, showed good agreement with experimental data for a range of soils having double porosity. A discontinuity is observed in the soil‐water characteristic curve at a second air entry value related to the maximum pore size within the aggregates, a feature also observed in experimentally obtained soil‐water characteristic curves for double porosity soils. 相似文献
6.
7.
【目的】揭示广东罗浮山不同海拔高度土壤颗粒组成分形维数特征的分布规律。【方法】在广东罗浮山不同海拔高度的10个土壤采样点挖掘剖面,采集各发生层土壤,测定了土壤颗粒组成、有机碳(SOC)、全铁(Fet)、游离铁(Fed)、无定形铁(Feo)、阳离子交换量(CEC)等理化性质,分析了土壤颗粒分形维数与海拔、土壤颗粒分布及化学性质之间的相关关系。【结果】随着土层深度的增加,土壤颗粒分形维数先增加后减小;随着海拔的升高,土壤黏粒含量、颗粒分形维数均呈减小趋势,且与海拔高度均呈极显著相关关系;随土壤质地的变细,分形维数平均值由2.7601上升到了2.8954,即分形维数随土壤质地的变细而增大;颗粒分形维数与砂粒呈极显著负相关关系,与黏粒呈极显著正相关关系;分形维数与SOC、Feo、Feo/Fed、CEC呈极显著或显著负相关关系,与Fet、Fed含量表现为极显著正相关关系;通径分析表明Fet、Fe 相似文献
8.
为解决膨胀土对工程结构以及农业生态环境的危害，进行煤矸石粉改良膨胀土的试验研究。对煤矸石粉掺量为0、3%、6%、9%的膨胀土土样进行压汞试验，测得微观孔隙特征值；选取Menger海绵模型建立孔隙分分形模型，计算土体孔隙分形维数，探究土体孔隙分形维数与孔隙特征参数以及煤矸石粉掺量变化的关系。结果表明：随着煤矸石粉掺量增加，土中大孔隙所占的含量较素膨胀减少61.5%，孔隙类型从团粒间孔隙转化为颗粒间孔隙；煤矸石粉的掺入改变了土体的孔隙结构特征，煤矸石粉与膨胀土发生胶结反应，孔隙连通性降低，使得总孔隙体积、孔隙率、孔隙平均孔径、孔隙临界孔径等孔隙特征参数呈减小趋势；基于分形理论分析孔隙分形维数，分形维数随煤矸石粉掺量的增加而增加，且与孔隙特征参数呈显著相关性。孔隙分形维数反应了孔隙特征参数以及孔隙发育程度，为土的孔隙表征提供方法借鉴。 相似文献
9.
10.
秸秆不同还田方式对土壤结构及土壤蒸发特性的影响 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
利用团聚体分形维数、孔隙分形维数等指标,对比分析了秸秆在经过粉碎、氨化及与无机土壤改良剂混合3种措施处理后加入土壤对土壤团聚结构、土壤容重、孔隙度及低吸力段土壤水分蒸发特性的影响,结果表明;粉碎并氨化处理过的秸秆施人土壤后,能显著改善土壤团聚结构,减小土壤容重.增加土壤孔隙度;秸秆加入土壤中会导致处理低吸力段土壤孔隙分形维数变小,孔隙分布均匀性、连通性变差.导致土壤蒸发速率过快,而无机土壤改良剂(氢氧化铁)能有效改善土壤孔隙分布.抑制土壤蒸发.当其与秸秆混合施用时,对雨水保蓄利用效果更好. 相似文献
11.
Interaction between gas exchange rates, physical and microbiological properties in soils recently subjected to agriculture 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The impact of conventional tillage (CT) or no-till (NT) management on soil microbial respiration as well as microbial abundance was studied in soils from the El Salado basin river (Buenos Aires, Argentina) recently subjected to agriculture under a corn-pasture rotation since 1996. Both management systems were monitored for several soil (micro)biological, physical and chemical properties during the second (1997) to fourth (1999) years from the beginning of the experiment. O2 and CO2 composition of the soil atmosphere and the rate at which soil consumes O2 (qO2) or produces CO2 (qCO2), under conditions that approximate the soil environment in the field, were quantitated following an experimental method and a mathematical model developed by ourselves [Soil Sci. 166 (2001) 68] to interpret the data. qO2 and qCO2 expressed in terms of kg O2 or CO2-C per ha per day or per kg C of microbial biomass (microbial respiration), increased from the lowest values measured at 10–30% water-filled pore space (WFPS) up to 60% WFPS, decreasing thereafter. Low respiratory quotients, RQ (qCO2/qO2<1.0), were detected, with gas exchanges being slightly higher in NT than in CT. Correspondingly, higher bacterial and fungal biomass were measured in NT than in CT. Apparently, bacteria were more sensitive to high WFPS than fungi. When aerobic bacteria or fungi counts were compared at low or high WFPS, they differed significantly only in the upper soil profile whereas microaerophilic bacteria and fungi were significatively different in both depths tested (D1=5–10 cm; D2=15–20 cm). The results are discussed in terms of microbial metabolism behavior and abundance as a function of management and soil air/water balance in soils recently subjected to agriculture. 相似文献
12.
长期不同量秸秆炭化还田下水稻土孔隙结构特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
13.
F. Bartoli N. R. A. Bird V. Gomendy H. Vivier S. Niquet 《European Journal of Soil Science》1999,50(1):9-22
Mercury porosimetry data can be interpreted in terms of soil structure using ideas drawn from (i) network modelling and percolation theory and (ii) fractal geometry. We linked mercury intrusion to soil structure quantified by image analysis within a relevant common pore radius scale. We compared (i) three independent methods for computing fractal dimensions of the matrix and of the solid–pore interface, namely fitted square boxes method and pore chord distribution on scanning electron microscope images of soil thin sections, and mercury porosimetry, and (ii) two independent methods for characterizing pore connectivity (image analysis) and percolation process (pressure threshold from mercury porosimetry). The results from analyses of the pore size distribution by mercury porosimetry differed from those from the image analysis. Mercury intrusion is controlled by both the connectivity of the pore space network and locally by pore throats leading to larger pore bodies. By contrast, image analysis is unaffected by pore connectivity and measures pore bodies. On the other hand, the chord length method might not adequately capture the scaling properties of the solid–pore interface, whereas the mercury porosimetry data were also difficult to interpret in terms of fractal geometry because of the effects of pore connectivity. However, fractal dimension values of both the solid phase and the solid–pore interface increased as a function of clay content, whereas both percolation probability values and throat radius values at the mercury percolation threshold decreased. The results show the merit of applying both fractals and percolation theory for determining structural parameters relevant to mercury and water transport in soil. 相似文献
14.
15.
A multiscale study of silty soil structure 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
F. Bartoli V. Genevois-Gomendy J. J. Royer S. Niquet H. Vivier & R. Grayson 《European Journal of Soil Science》2005,56(2):207-224
Dependency of soil properties on scale is a crucial issue in soil physics. In this paper, fractal approaches are used in two case studies in France and Australia, respectively, to study how measured physical soil properties change with the sample spacing and the scale of observation. At a scale of 10–1000 m (104 to 106 mm), fractals were applied to sample data from a linear transect, while at the 10?6 to 102 mm scale, fractals were applied in two dimensions to analyse both soil micro‐ and macrostructure, based on thin section samples. Porosity was characterized by short‐range spatial variations using sample spacings of 0.5 and 5 m (from the transect data), and a sample spacing of 1 cm (from the thin section analysis). The size of the representative elementary volume (REV) or representative elementary area (REA), required to represent statistically the elementary soil structure, was identified in three ways: (i) by the correlation length of a representative interconnected pore network, (ii) by the upper limit of the non‐linear increase with observation scale of mean porosity (upper limit of the solid mass fractal domain), and (iii) by the non‐linear decrease with observation scale of the coefficient of variation, CV, of mean porosity. Two embedded REAs were identified: the first (0.1–0.4 mm) related to the soil microstructure whereas a second (11–44 mm) related to the soil macrostructure. The solid mass fractal dimensions of the two embedded structural domains showed that hierarchical heterogeneity of soil structure was more pronounced for microstructures than for macrostructures. The mean area ratio of microstructural matrix/total surface and the CV of mean microporosity both scale similarly at observation scales smaller than the REA size. Their scaling exponents were both related to the fractal dimension of microstructural matrix. This preliminary study shows that the theory of fractals applied to soil structures at a specific scale range cannot be directly applied to predict soil physical properties at another scale range. This is because there are different interdependent structuring processes operating at different scales resulting in fractal dimensions being consistent only over particular domain limits. 相似文献
16.
Network modelling and percolation theory now occupy a firm niche in soils research, aiding in the simulation and prediction of flow and transport processes. In this study we examine the connectivity properties of a simple parameterized 2D fractal network model by direct numerical simulation and theoretically, drawing on upscaling functions from renormalization theory. We demonstrate good agreement between the two approaches and extrapolate to systems inaccessible to direct numerical simulation. We examine the relationship between porosity, the pore-size range and the connectivity of the network. We show that for fixed porosity, the connectivity is a nonlinear function of the range of scales accommodated in the fractal model. We investigate the implications of distributing a fixed porosity over different ranges of pore size and demonstrate a general impairment of pore connectivity and improvement of solid phase continuity as this range is extended. 相似文献
17.
18.
《Geoderma》2001,99(3-4):261-276
A one-cycle field wetting and drying experiment was conducted in order to observe pore space developed in a cultivated Rendzina soil due to surface cracking and to soil aggregate formation at 3-cm depth. Image analysis of 2D representations of pore size distribution and fractal analysis of the spatial distribution of the pores indicates that pore space due to surface cracking does not develop in the same manner as does that formed in the aggregation processes. Both pore-size distribution and fractal dimension vary in different ways at the soil–air interface and at 3-cm depth as drying progresses. Surface cracking occurs as a two-step process where total crack length increases until a maximum and then the cracks widen. Fractal dimensions appear to change as pore space develops. Pores developed when aggregates form show a more continuous process of development of pore sizes with a constant fractal dimension as porosity increases. 相似文献
19.
Determination of the gas diffusion coefficient D s of peat soils is essential to understand the mechanisms of soil gas transport in peatlands, which have been one of major potential sources of gaseous carbons. In the present study, we aimed at determining the D s of peat soils for various values of the air-filled porosity a and we tested the validity of the Three-Porosity Model (Moldrup et al. 2004) and the Millington-Quirk model (1961) for predicting the relative gas diffusivity, the ratio of D s to D 0 , the gas diffusion coefficient in free air. Undisturbed peat soil cores were sampled from aerobic layers in the Bibai mire, Hokkaido, Japan. The MQ model reproduced the measured D s / D 0 curves better than the TPM. The TPM, a predictive model for undisturbed mineral soils, overestimated the D s / D 0 values for peat soils, implying that in the peat soils the pore pathways were more tortuous than those in the mineral soils. Since the changes in the D s / D 0 ratios with the a values of a well-decomposed black peat soil tended to be more remarkable than those of other high-moor peat soils, the existence of a positive feedback mechanism was assumed, such that peat soil decomposition itself would increase the soil gas diffusivity and promote soil respiration. 相似文献
20.
用显微CT研究不同植被恢复模式的土壤团聚体微结构特征 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
为了更好了解不同植被恢复模式对土壤团聚体微结构的影响,该研究采用显微CT技术扫描3~5 mm土壤团聚体,获取了3.25μm分辨率的二维图像,并应用数字图像处理软件对团聚体孔隙结构进行三维重建,定量研究了黄土丘陵区不同植被恢复模式下(自然草地、人工灌木和坡耕地)土壤团聚体微结构特征。结果表明,两种植被恢复模式均显著提高了土壤有机碳含量和团聚体水稳性(P0.05),降低了土壤容重。与坡耕地处理相比,自然草地土壤团聚体总孔隙度、大孔隙度(100μm)、瘦长型孔隙度分别增加了20%、23%和24%,而分形维数和连通性指数欧拉特征值分别降低了2%和75%,且各指标二者间差异均显著(P0.05)。人工灌木土壤团聚体的上述各项孔隙参数均优于自然草地(较坡耕地分别增加了70%、88%和43%以及降低了4%和92%),且除欧拉特征值外,差异均显著(P0.05)。分形维数和连通性对土壤结构变化的响应相当敏感,可作为该地区植被恢复过程中土壤质量评价的指标,研究结果可为黄土高原土壤质量评价提供科学参考。 相似文献