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1.
Seven horses with metallic foreign bodies in the mouth or pharynx were examined at the Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital from 1983 to 1989. The horses had variable clinical signs, such as purulent nasal discharge, swelling of the throatlatch area, and dyspnea. Most of the horses had clinical signs for more than 2 weeks, and had no or only temporary improvement with conservative medical treatment (antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). The definitive diagnostic test in all of the cases was radiography, which also aided in the plan for surgical removal of the foreign body. Once the foreign body was removed from each of the horses, their clinical signs resolved. Most of the foreign bodies were small pieces of wire, the sources of which could not be determined, but that may have been incorporated in baled hay.  相似文献   

2.
The objective of this case report is to describe the diagnostic and surgical techniques for removal of a metallic foreign body in the tongue of three adult horses. The three horses were presented for evaluation and treatment of dysphagia and marked hypersalivation of 3–5 days duration. Radiographs of the head revealed the presence of a metallic foreign body in the tongue of each horse. The foreign bodies could be precisely localised under general anaesthesia using palpation and lingual ultrasonography and/or lingual radiography in combination with a forceps as a marker. The foreign bodies were successfully removed using laparoscopic instruments creating minimal soft tissue trauma. The use of long (43 cm) small laparoscopic (5 mm) instruments enabled good visualisation of the surgical field, providing optimal conditions for successful minimally invasive surgical treatment of horses with foreign bodies in the tongue. The three horses made uneventful recoveries and 12 months after surgery were eating normally and could be ridden with a bit as per usual routine. It was concluded that using long laparoscopic instruments in combination with palpation, ultrasonography and/or radiography allowed removal of the foreign body creating minimal soft tissue trauma and allowing optimal conditions for a fast recovery.  相似文献   

3.
At The Ohio State University from 1994–2006 six of seven horses evaluated for primary orbital disease were diagnosed with extra-adrenal paraganglioma (EAPG). The horses ranged in age from 14 to 24 years, with a mean of 16.8 years. Duration of clinical signs was 1.5 years to 5 years, with a mean of 2.8 years. Clinical signs varied, but all six had non-painful exophthalmus of the right eye. Five horses had complete ocular exams reported; three of five had decreased to absent vision, two of five had pale optic nerves, and in three of five, difficulty of retropulsion of the globe was noted. Diagnostic tests performed included complete blood count, serum profile, radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography, true-cut biopsy, ocular examination, guttural pouch endoscopy, oral examination, and physical examination. Expulsive hemorrhage during orbital exenteration occurred in all horses. In five of six cases, tumor extension through the orbital foramen was apparent intra-operatively. Histopathologic appearance of all surgically removed tissues consisted of sheets of polygonal cells with abundant lightly granular cytoplasm, round nuclei with vesicular chromatin, and rare mitoses. Neoplastic cells were arranged into small groups separated by a fine fibrovascular stroma. All six cases were chromagranin positive on immunohistochemical staining. Follow-up ranged from six months to six years, with a mean of two years. Four of the five horses that recovered from surgery had no apparent tumor recurrence in 6–48 months.  相似文献   

4.
A female juvenile peahen (Pavo cristatus) presented with acute respiratory distress after the owner observed the bird apparently “choking” the night before presentation. A swelling at the base of the throat was also noted by the owner approximately 2 days prior to the “choking” incident. An air sac breathing tube was placed immediately following presentation and the respiratory rate and effort returned to normal. While performing a physical examination on the patient, a string foreign body was identified and removed from the oral cavity. The string had been wrapped around the base of the tongue, initially resulting in a laceration at the base of the tongue and displacing the glottis caudally, but eventually retroflexed the tongue resulting in occlusion of the glottis. Once the string was transected, the tongue was replaced into normal anatomic position. Three days after presentation, the bird was able to breathe normally with the air sac tube occluded, thus the air sac tube was removed. The lesions under the tongue completely resolved 8 weeks following the initial presentation. Although there have been reports of string foreign bodies in avian species, there are no reports of these foreign bodies causing entrapment of the tongue with subsequent obstruction of the glottis.  相似文献   

5.
Six adult horses (four geldings and two intact mares; age range, 4-22 years) were evaluated for acute development of nonspecific malaise during a 3-year period. Clinical signs included lethargy, anorexia, fever, limb edema, and ataxia. Physical examination findings included depression, anorexia, tachycardia, fever, poor body condition, hind limb ataxia, and dehydration. Hematologic examination in these horses most commonly revealed thrombocytopenia, mild anemia, and leukopenia. Inclusion bodies consistent with the presence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum morulae were observed within circulating neutrophils in all horses. Clinical biochemistry findings were nonspecific. Infection of each horse with A. phagocytophilum was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. All horses showed resolution of clinical signs after initiation of treatment with intravenous oxytetracycline or oral doxycycline, combined with flunixin meglumine and additional supportive care as needed. Hematologic parameters paralleled clinical recovery and returned to reference limits in patients that underwent repeated analysis. Equine granulocytic anaplasmosis is likely under-recognized in regions where it has not been previously reported; therefore, equine practitioners should be cognizant of relevant clinical signs and laboratory findings in acute infection. Additionally, horses may represent sentinels for infection in other species, including humans.  相似文献   

6.
Intestinal obstruction due to foreign body ingestion is one cause of colic in horses. Although it occurs more frequently in juveniles, adult horses also may be affected. The small colon is a common location in which foreign bodies can be found. Depending on the location of the obstruction in the small colon, different techniques to dislodge the foreign body toward areas where it can be safely exteriorized and removed can be attempted. Alternatively, different approaches to the abdomen can be performed to facilitate exteriorization of the obstructed segment and removal of the foreign body. This paper describes a case of large and small colon obstruction in an adult horse caused by two distinct foreign bodies. The large colon obstruction was removed through a pelvic flexure enterotomy using the ventral midline approach, and the small colon obstruction was removed through a small colon enterotomy using a paramedian approach. Information regarding signalment, history, clinical signs, surgical treatment, and follow-up status of the horse are described.  相似文献   

7.
Three horses, a 10-year-old Thoroughbred mare, a 9-year-old Thoroughbred gelding and a 6-year-old Arab gelding, with calcified tumours of the paranasal sinuses, are described. All horses presented with purulent nasal discharges and facial distortion. Exophthalmos, blepharospasm and ocular discharge were also a feature in individual horses. A presumptive diagnosis of a calcified tumour was made on the basis of clinical signs and radiographic and endoscopic findings. The tumours ranged from 15 to 25 cm in diameter. A large frontonasal bone flap was used to expose the tumours, which were cleaved into several pieces with an osteotome and removed. Histological examination of the masses identified cementomas in two cases and an osteoma in the third. Long term follow up from 18 months to 5 years after surgery indicated that there was no recurrence. This case series demonstrates that, although calcified tumours of the paranasal sinuses are rare in horses, they should be considered in the differential diagnosis of purulent nasal discharge, facial swelling and ocular distortion, and are amenable to surgical treatment.  相似文献   

8.
The nasal septum was surgically removed from 22 horses with upper airway obstruction caused by thickening and/or deviation of the septum. The most common presenting complaints were a low-pitched, snoring, respiratory noise and respiratory difficulty during exercise, which usually occurs in young horses. Abnormalities of the septum were most commonly congenital defects or caused by trauma or inflammation secondary to severe respiratory infection.
Diagnosis was made based on history, clinical signs, and results of physical examination. Radiography and endoscopy were useful adjuncts in some horses.
Under general anesthesia, the septum was removed by scalpel and osteotome (19 horses) or by obstetrical wire and osteotome (1 horse). In two horses, the rostral one third of the septum was removed by scalpel alone.
In three horses, the alar folds and floor of the nasal diverticula were removed in an attempt to relieve airway obstruction caused by flattening of the bridge of the nose following removal of the nasal septum.
Follow-up was obtained on 18 horses: persistent noise during exercise continued in 90%; however, 50% returned to usefulness.  相似文献   

9.
Over the period of 11 years (2004–2015) 14 miniature horses in six separate outbreaks presented with clinical signs consistent with acute or chronic oxalate toxicity. All animals had access to Oxalis pes‐caprae or soursob. Miniature horses with acute oxalate toxicity and hypocalcaemia had muscle fasciculations, tremors and synchronous diaphragmatic flutter; these horses responded to treatment with intravenous and oral calcium. Chronic oxalate toxicity was associated with ill‐thrift, stiffness, enlarged heads, kyphosis and neurological signs. These animals had normal serum calcium concentrations, but increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Radiographs indicated that affected animals had bones that were osteopenic, often with pathological fractures. Bones that were examined histologically showed increased osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity, consistent with nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism and fibrous osteodystrophy. These animals were treated, with mixed success, with oral calcium supplementation. A palatability trial showed that horses will readily eat soursobs, and measured total oxalate concentrations in soursobs collected from five different properties ranged from 13.5 to 18.5%. The presentation of affected animals with either acute hypocalcaemia or nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism, together with a history of grazing soursobs, suggest that acute and chronic oxalate toxicity are the cause of the clinical signs seen in affected miniature horses.  相似文献   

10.
Three cases of penetrating metallic foreign bodies causing peritonitis in horses are reported. These cases were presented with varying clinical complaints and duration of clinical signs. Entry of foreign bodies into the abdominal cavity through the skin and body wall is reported for the first time.  相似文献   

11.
Purpose To describe six cases of conjunctivitis and ulcerative keratitis secondary to plant foreign bodies from weed‐contaminated grass hay which were lodged within the temporal conjunctival fornix in a herd of alpacas. Methods A total of 21 alpacas from the same farm developed blepharospasm and mucopurulent ocular discharge. Six of the 21 were evaluated at the University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine within a 2‐week period. The six animals evaluated received an ophthalmic examination including slit‐lamp biomicroscopy, fluorescein staining, and topical corneal anesthesia for foreign body removal when necessary. Results Six animals had conjunctivitis characterized by hyperemia and mucopurulent discharge. Five animals had superficial ulcerative keratitis with intense corneal neovascularization and edema. In all cases, the keratitis was located at the temporal limbus. Seven plant foreign bodies were observed and were removed following topical corneal anesthesia in five animals. The plant seeds were identified as three common weed species found in orchard grass hay. Complete resolution of all clinical signs was achieved with foreign body removal and medical therapy. Conclusions Fan‐shaped temporal corneal ulcers may signify the presence of conjunctival foreign bodies in alpacas. Plant foreign bodies should be considered in addition to ocular infection when multiple animals of a herd are affected as outbreaks may occur with weed‐contaminated hay.  相似文献   

12.
Objective: To report the technique and results of cheek teeth repulsion in standing, sedated horses. Study Design: Case series. Animals: Horses (n=12), ponies (6). Methods: Medical records (2006–2009) of horses that had cheek tooth repulsion while standing were reviewed. Inclusion criteria included: maxillary or mandibular cheek tooth disease diagnosed by clinical and radiographic examination where attempted oral extraction failed necessitating repulsion. Horses were sedated and a local nerve block performed. Intraoperative radiographs facilitated instrument positioning and ensured repulsion of all dental remnants. Alveolar cavities were packed postoperatively and secondary dental sinusitis treated with lavage. Results: Median horse age was 7 years (range, 1–30 years). Maxillary (n=15) and mandibular (5) cheek teeth were removed successfully. One horse was euthanatized 1 week after tooth removal because of concurrent liver disease and 10 horses (59%) had resolution of discharge after the 1st treatment; 41% of extractions required follow‐up medical or surgical treatment to resolve signs [6/12 maxillary sinusitis and 1/5 persistent mandibular drainage]. Conclusions: Standing repulsion of diseased and fractured cheek teeth is an effective means of resolving clinical signs of dental disease when oral extraction fails. Chronic sinus involvement increased the risk of postextraction surgical treatment for sinusitis.  相似文献   

13.
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14.
Eighty-five cases of equine nasal cavity and/or paranasal sinus disease (NC-PNSD) at Washington State University were reviewed with respect to incidence, clinical signs, treatment regimen and outcome. Incidence was 1.06 percent of all equine admissions over an 8-year period (July 1, 1977–June 30, 1985). For purposes of review, cases were divided into 6 groups depending upon etiology: 1. traumatic disorders, 2. developmental disorders, 3. neoplasia, 4. primary bacterial sinusitis, 5. sinusitis secondary to dental disorders, and 6. miscellaneous conditions.No correlation between sex or breed with NC-PNSD was identified. Traumatic and developmental disorders were most common in horses under 6-years-of-age and neoplastic conditions were most prevalent in horses over 10-years-of-age.The most common clinical signs of NC-PNSD, regardless of etiology were bony swelling or abnormalities noted externally, nasal discharge, and rhinodyspnea, followed by signs referrable to the oral cavity, external draining tracts, and epistaxis. All clinical signs were usually of a chronic duration (more than 2 weeks). Procedures which were most helpful in establishing a diagnosis were radiography (92% of cases), endoscopy (38%) sinocentesis (21 %), and examination of the oral cavity (20%).Of 74 horses available for follow-up, 49 were treated. Treatment was either not recommended or was declined by the owner in 12 cases, and euthanasia was performed without treatment in 13. Forty-six cases were treated surgically. The outcome of 23 of the cases was judged successful. Five had reduced clinical signs following surgery, and 18 were unsuccessfully treated. Those disorders judged to be traumatic in origin responded best to treatment while those involving neoplasia were the least successfully treated.  相似文献   

15.
Two horses suffering from a cough, purulent foul smelling nasal discharge, inappetence and intermittent fever were hospitalised at the Equine Clinic in Brno from 2008–2010. A diagnosis was made on the basis of endoscopic examination which revealed a foreign body (thorny branchlet) in the right caudal lobe bronchus in both horses. Pleuropneumonia developed as a complication in both horses. Following endoscopic extraction of the foreign bodies, both horses were treated using antibiotics and drainage of the pleural cavity. One of the patients recovered, the second was subjected to euthanasia at the request of the owner.  相似文献   

16.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate efficacy of debridement for treatment of supraspinous bursitis in horses and to evaluate the outcome. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 10 horses with clinical signs of supraspinous bursitis. PROCEDURE: Medical records were reviewed for signalment, anamnesis, results of physical and radiographic examination, microbial culture results of supraspinous bursa tissue or exudate, Brucella abortus titers, type of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory therapies, surgical technique, complications of the surgical procedure, and findings on histologic examination of excised nuchal ligament and bursal tissue. Telephone follow-up with owners, trainers, or referring veterinarians was performed. RESULTS: The described surgical technique was effective in resolving drainage from the supraspinous bursal region in 5 of 6 horses available for long-term follow-up. The most common complication following surgery was the development of purulent wound drainage. Two horses required multiple surgeries to resolve clinical signs of supraspinous bursitis. The most common organism isolated from the supraspinous bursa was beta-hemolytic Streptococcus spp. All horses were discharged from the hospital and long-term follow-up was available for 6 horses. All 6 horses could be used for their intended use. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Debridement in standing horses is an effective method of resolving clinical signs of supraspinous bursitis.  相似文献   

17.
CASE SUMMARY: A 5-year-old male neutered indoor cat presented for evaluation and treatment of an acute onset of nasal discharge and open-mouth breathing of 3 days' duration. He had been treated for asthma prior to presentation, but his clinical signs were more consistent with upper airway disease. Thoracic radiographs were suggestive of asthma. However, a soft tissue mass was noted in the nasopharynx on a lateral cervical radiograph. Nasopharyngeal examination revealed the mass to be a trichobezoar (hair ball) lodged in the nasopharynx, removal of which led to resolution of clinical signs. The cat re-presented with a second nasopharyngeal trichobezoar approximately 1 year later, which was also successfully removed. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Nasopharyngeal disease has myriad potential infectious, inflammatory and neoplastic etiologies. However, simpler causes such as foreign bodies can be considered in cases of acute-onset nasopharyngeal disease. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of a nasopharyngeal trichobezoar foreign body in a cat.  相似文献   

18.
Use of Intraoperative Ultrasonography in Six Horses   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
Intraoperative ultrasonography was used in six horses to aid localization and removal of bone fragments (3 horses) and foreign bodies (3 horses). The ultrasound transducer was enclosed in a sterile sleeve containing sterile aqueous gel and the examination was performed after aseptic preparation of the surgical site. Using ultrasound guidance a needle was placed in contact with the bone fragment or foreign body and an incision was made along the path of the needle to expose and remove the object. This technique resulted in decreased operative time and minimal tissue dissection.  相似文献   

19.
Primary gastric impaction is an uncommon condition. Furthermore, the factors associated with gastric impaction and the optimal method of treatment are not clear. The aim of this article is to describe the clinical findings, treatment and outcome of horses with a primary gastric impaction. Medical records of horses that presented with a primary gastric impaction between 2005 and 2008 were reviewed and 20 horses with a primary gastric impaction identified. Diagnosis of a primary gastric impaction was made if the horse had been fasted for a minimum of 16 h, a concretion of ingesta precluded visualisation of the margo plicatus and there was no evidence of concurrent intestinal pathology. Thirteen of 20 (65%) horses were presented on an emergency basis. The most common complaint was inappetence (50%) followed by acute colic (35%) and recurrent colic (35%). On initial examination for colic, all horses had a normal heart rate and 7 of 20 (35%) had decreased gastrointestinal borborygmi. All horses were treated with enteral fluid therapy. The median dose of fluids administered per day was 5 doses (range 1–8 doses) of 2–10 l of isotonic electrolyte solution. The median length of treatment until resolution was 2 days (range 1–5 days). Eighteen of 20 (90%) horses survived to discharge. Primary gastric impaction appears to be a condition with clinical signs of inappetence and mild abdominal discomfort. This is the largest group of horses reported that were treated with enteral fluid therapy for a gastric impaction and it was concluded that enteral fluid therapy was of value in this study.  相似文献   

20.
OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical and surgical abnormalities in, and long-term outcome of, horses that undergo surgery because of colic secondary to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 11 horses. PROCEDURE: Medical records of horses that had undergone abdominal surgery and in which IBD had been diagnosed on the basis of histologic examination of intestinal biopsy specimens were reviewed. RESULTS: 5 horses were examined because of acute colic and 6 were examined because of chronic colic. At surgery, all 11 horses had edematous or hemorrhagic bowel segments suggestive of IBD. In addition, 6 horses had circumferential mural bands (CMB) causing constriction of the small (4 horses) or large (2) intestine. Intestinal resections were performed in 7 horses. All 11 horses survived surgery and were discharged from the hospital; 10 horses were still alive at the time of follow-up (1.5 to 7 years after surgery). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Results suggest that IBD is an uncommon cause of colic in horses. Surgical resection of segments of intestine with constrictive CMB may relieve clinical signs of colic. Horses with IBD that had surgery had a good prognosis for long-term survival.  相似文献   

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