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1.
四川松树、桉树外生菌根菌种类调查 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对四川省马尾松、湿地松、火炬松、桉树等人工幼林及少数天然林的外生菌根菌进行了调查研究。研究表明,我省松树林下外生菌根真菌资源丰富,鉴定出9科18属50种,其中马尾松林下有40种,占80％,松、桉幼林下的种类单一、采色豆马勃、多根硬皮皮勃、黄色须腹菌为松类人工幼林下的优势菌根菌,随着树龄的增加,菌根种类也不断增加。桉树林下仅发现大孢硬皮马勃。 相似文献
2.
采色豆马勃(Pisolithustinctorius)是一种外生菌根真菌,能生存在树苗的根上,是松苗的一种有前途的外生菌根共生物。具有这种真菌的树苗能在恶劣的土壤条件下生长,而且比在良好生长条件下具有其他真菌外生菌根的树苗生长得快。1973年美国把在亚拉巴马、佐治亚和宾夕法尼亚松树下采集的采色豆马勃担孢子接种体和从佐治亚培养的营养接种体人工引入佐治亚、佛罗里达和北卡罗来纳州的三个苗圃的土壤中。经过一个生长季节后,在北卡罗来纳州的苗圃里,由营养接种体形成的采色豆马勃外生菌根使火炬松苗的生长增长了140%,而弗吉尼 相似文献
3.
马尾松外生菌根菌的培养和育苗效应研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
对彩色豆马勃、厚环乳牛肝菌、血红铆钉菇等７株菌根菌株在４种培养基、３种温度梯度下的生长状况和马尾松苗期接种效果进行研究。结果表明：改良麦芽汁培养基是外生菌根菌的适宜培养基；彩色豆马勃适应力强，明显促进马尾松苗期生长，菌根感染率高，但各菌株之间存在差异；厚环乳牛肝菌不适宜马尾松的苗期生长。 相似文献
4.
马占相思菌根调查及人工接种结果表明：马占相思在自然界能形成外生菌根及VA菌根。在贫瘠的立地条件下，外生菌根的子实体多；在较肥沃的立地条件下，外生菌根的子实体少，优势外生菌根菌是多根硬皮马勃菌（Sclerioerma polyrhium)。马占相思对VA菌有较强的选择性和其特定的优势VA菌根菌，即从马占思根部分离的VA菌。用优势外生菌根菌 及优势VA菌根菌对马占相思苗木进行接种，都能形成菌根，且都能显著地提高马占思的生长。马占思优势VA菌接种效果优于多种硬皮马勃菌。 相似文献
5.
马占相思菌根调查及人工接种结果表明 :马占相思在自然界能形成外生菌根及VA菌根。在贫瘠的立地条件下 ,外生菌根的子实体多 ;在较肥沃的立地条件下 ,外生菌根的子实体少 ,优势外生菌根菌是多根硬皮马勃菌 (Sclerioermapolyrhium)。马占相思对VA菌有较强的选择性和其特定的优势VA菌根菌 ,即从马占相思根部分离的VA菌。用优势外生菌根菌及优势VA菌根菌对马占相思苗木进行接种 ,都能形成菌根 ,且都能显著地提高马占相思的生长。马占相思优势VA菌接种效果优于多根硬皮马勃菌 相似文献
6.
从不同林型下分离获得的外生菌根真菌纯培养菌株中,选择了劣味乳菇、美味红茹、赭丝膜菌、彩色豆马勃四株菌根菌,进行菌剂制备及其对松苗生长效果的试验。结果表明,PDMA和PD培养基是培养外生菌根真菌较适合的培养基,木屑、麸皮、米糠、玉米粉、珍珠岩、蛭石等是培养菌根菌菌剂较适宜的基质。供试菌对油松、马尾松、落叶松、樟子松、红松苗都具促进生长作用,效果较明显的是丝膜菌,其次是劣味乳菇、美味红菇、彩色豆马勃;对促进火炬松苗生长效果最明显的是劣味乳菇,其次是美味红菇、彩色豆马勃。四种菌对湿地松苗生长效果均高于对照。 相似文献
7.
1998～1999年在田间条件下布置了毛白杨VA菌根(包括根内球囊霉菌和单孢球囊霉菌)与外生菌根硬皮马勃混合接种试验.结果表明接种菌根菌对毛白杨苗高生长量有促进作用,且以根内球囊霉菌作用最明显,单孢球囊霉菌处理次之,硬皮马勃处理最差.水涝大大降低人工接种菌根菌的效果,严重影响VA菌根和外生菌根菌单独接种及混合接种的效应,根内球囊霉菌甚至会抑制毛白杨苗木的高生长,VA菌根和外生菌根间的负交互作用也不对苗高生长产生影响.菌根真菌的感染率随时间变化出现较大的波动和变化. 相似文献
8.
几种外生菌根菌对松苗抗非根部病害的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
研究几种外生菌根真菌对松苗抗松枯梢病和抗松材线虫病的影响.结果表明:菌根菌增强了马尾松苗苗木对松枯梢病的抵抗力,其中华美牛肝菌(504)菌根苗的抗性最强,其次为黄豹斑鹅膏(EG)和彩色豆马勃Pt2菌根苗,彩色豆马勃Pt,和紫金蜡蘑(ZJ)菌根苗的抗性相对较弱;但外生菌根菌对湿地松苗苗木抗松枯梢病的能力未见提高.对黑松和马尾松菌根苗接种松材线虫后发现,菌根增强了黑松和马尾松对松材线虫病的抵抗力,延缓或减轻了苗木的死亡,以504、Pt2和EG的效果较好.黑松菌根苗接种松材线虫后各处理体内早期的PAL活性存在一定差异.对松材线虫抗性较强的菌根苗其体内PAL酶活也较高,反之亦然.供试外生菌根菌的促生作用以及菌根苗体内抗病代谢酶活性的变化与其抗病性有一定的相关性. 相似文献
9.
10.
东北主要用材树种外生菌根真菌资源调查研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过对我国东北地区主要用材树种外生菌根真菌资源、种类及分布进行详细调查研究，分析了树种、林龄与菌根真菌分布之间的相互关系；菌根真菌的分布、种类随林龄的增加而发生变化。结果表明，与落叶松、樟子松、油松、杨树等主要用材树种共生形成外生菌根的真菌共76种，8－20年生松林下多以牛肝菌类、乳菇类等伞菌目的菌根真菌为先锋种类；20年生以上的成熟林则以专一寄宿性的铆钉菇科和马勃目的菌根真菌为优势种群。为我国东北地区主要用材树种外生菌根真菌的采集、分离、培养，优良菌根真菌的筛选和菌根真菌资源的合理开发利用提供了理论基础。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
18.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
19.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):166-178
This study investigated the forest history, structural characteristics, the presence of fungal species suggested to indicate ecological continuity in old-growth forest, and the species composition of saproxylic beetles in 30 old forest ''woodland key habitats'' (WKHs), and compared them with production forest in the same age-class in south-eastern Norway. No statistically significant differences in forest characteristics, community of saproxylic beetles or number of red-listed beetles were found between the WKHs and the production forest, probably owing to a combination of profound long-term logging and a lack of will to delineate sufficiently large WKHs in the one area with significantly less forestry impact. The study indicates the advantage of including forest history information in WKH selection where such data exist, and the importance of restoring habitats in heavily exploited forest landscapes. 相似文献