共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 244 毫秒
1.
利用3个来自云南低纬高原的粳稻品种和3个来自日本、韩国高纬平原地区的粳稻品种,以及应用完全双列杂交获得的30个F1为试验材料,利用加性 显性 母体效应（ADM）遗传模型,在5种不同生长环境下,对单株结实率、特定结实率、穗抽出度和抽穗天数等4个主要耐冷相关性状进行了遗传分析。4个耐冷相关性状中,单株结实率和特定结实率主要受基因型×环境互作效应的影响,不存在母体效应;单株结实率和特定结实率以互作广义遗传率最高,分别为63.5%和56.5%。单株结实率与特定结实率间的表现型、基因型、加性和显性效应的相关均达到极显著水平,相关系数介于 0.717～1.000;单株结实率与穗抽出度间的表现型、基因型、加性和显性效应相关也均达到极显著水平,相关系数介于0.161～0975。穗抽出度的变异系数变幅最大,穗抽出度也是耐冷性鉴定评价中不可忽视的重要性状。穗抽出度和抽穗天数以广义遗传率为最大,分别为59.6%和81.4%。抽穗天数主要受遗传主效应控制,受环境的影响最小。低温胁迫是选择培育耐冷性品种的必要条件,一品稻（Ilpumbyeo）×昆明小白谷是培育强耐冷性粳稻新品种的最优组合。 相似文献
2.
《中国水稻科学》2015,(3)
以籼粳杂交稻甬优系列及杂交籼稻钱优2号和常规粳稻浙粳88为材料,于主茎见穗开花日起,用人工气候箱低温(17℃)和适温(25℃)分别处理4d和7d,以室外自然温度为对照,研究不同籼粳成分水稻低温胁迫下籽粒的结实特性。结果表明,低温处理显著降低甬优系列的籽粒结实率和穗重,低温胁迫效应以处理7d较大。按照耐冷性指数来划分,甬优538、浙粳88、甬优10号、甬优6号和甬优15号为耐冷型,甬优8号、甬优12号、甬优9号和甬优17号为冷敏感型,其余为中间型。此外,甬优系列耐冷型与冷敏感型籼粳成分并无明显的差异。进一步分析表明,低温处理7d,相对冷敏指数与水稻结实率和空粒率极显著相关(r=-0.9552,0.9602)。 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
以十和田与昆明小白谷的重组自交系（RIL）F8和F9群体为研究材料，在4种海拔条件下连续两年进行孕穗期耐冷性鉴定，采用方差分析、相关分析和多元逐步回归分析等方法对单株结实率与单株特定位颖花结实率间的相关性进行了研究。结果表明，单株结实率与特定位颖花结实率呈极显著相关（r=0.9011~ 0.7364），在低温冷害条件下，单株结实率与特定位颖花结实率间的相关系数高于无冷害条件；单株结实率和特定位颖花结实率与穗抽出度均呈极显著正相关。遗传分析表明，特定位颖花结实率可以替代单株结实率作为孕穗开花期耐冷性鉴定指标，而穗抽出度可作为孕穗开花期耐冷性鉴定的一个辅助指标。 相似文献
6.
不同时期干旱胁迫对水稻产量和生长特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确水稻生长过程中的水分敏感时期,探索水稻抵御干旱的栽培措施,以常规粳稻楚粳29号和云粳39号为材料,通过盆栽试验准确控制土壤水分(水势),研究不同时期干旱胁迫对水稻产量和生长特性的影响。结果表明,楚粳29号干旱胁迫处理较对照减产10.63%~47.60%,云粳39号干旱胁迫处理较对照减产6.19%~47.27%,减产程度依次为穗分化前期干旱胁迫(T2)﹥有效分蘖期干旱胁迫(T1)﹥穗分化后期干旱胁迫(T3)﹥孕穗期干旱胁迫(T4)。与对照相比,2个品种有效分蘖期干旱胁迫降低了有效穗数,穗分化前期干旱胁迫使每穗粒数明显减少,穗分化后期干旱胁迫使每穗实粒数减少和结实率明显降低,孕穗期干旱胁迫对结实率或千粒重有影响。 相似文献
7.
冷害胁迫是造成水稻减产的重要因素。为探讨不同水稻品种的抗冷性,以吉林省25个主栽品种为材料,测定分析了在冷害胁迫条件下这些品种的脯氨酸、丙二醛、叶绿素及可溶性糖含量的变化情况。结果表明,所有参试水稻品种在冷害胁迫下其游离氨基酸含量升高,丙二醛含量显著增加;吉粳515、通禾66及秋田小町脯氨酸积累较多;与常温条件下相比,吉粳809、吉宏9和通禾66的叶绿素含量冷害胁迫下变化不是很显著,生长较好,耐冷性较为突出;吉粳515 、吉农大538和吉农大853在冷害胁迫条件下积累了更多的可溶性糖,进而提高了抗逆性;吉香6、宏科88抗冷性较弱,在栽培过程中,应注意对低温冷害的防御。 相似文献
8.
松粳9号是黑龙江省农科院第二水稻研究所培育的超级稻品种,通过不同施肥量和栽插密度试验,确定该品种实现超高产的最佳产量结构及相应的综合栽培技术。松粳9号品种超高产（单产650～700kg／667m。）产量构成：3．9～4．2万粒／m^2（305～330穗/m^2,20穴/m^2,15～17穗/穴,128．7实粒／穗）,成穗率81％以上,结实率96％。 相似文献
9.
10.
行距对两个不同类型水稻品种冠层结构与产量的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以寒地粳稻龙粳20(多蘖 弯穗型)和龙粳21(少蘖 半直立穗型)为试材,研究了行距对两个不同类型水稻品种冠层结构、形态和产量的影响。结果表明,行距与两种类型水稻成穗率呈先降后升的二次回归关系,与分蘖末期叶面积指数和单位面积最大茎蘖数呈先升后降的二次回归关系。行距对龙粳20一次枝梗的影响大于二次枝梗,而龙粳21则相反;行距与参试品种的二次枝梗结实率和穗结实率均呈负相关,其中与龙粳20二次枝梗结实率呈极显著负相关。行距与龙粳20产量呈正相关,但相关不显著,与龙粳21的产量呈极显著负相关。多蘖 弯穗型品种的株型性状更易受到行距的影响,其中行距与龙粳20的剑叶长、剑叶宽、倒1节间长、倒2节间长和穗长均呈显著或极显著正相关,而与龙粳21的各株型性状相关均不显著。较宽行距有利于多蘖 弯穗型品种穗、茎、叶干物质积累和产量的形成,龙粳20的最佳行距处理为30 cm,而少蘖 半直立穗型品种龙粳21,窄行距更佳,最佳行距为21 cm。分析认为宽行距移栽有利于改善多蘖 弯穗型品种的群体生态环境,窄行距有利于提高少蘖 半直立穗型品种的空间利用。 相似文献
11.
云南稻种昆明小白谷耐冷性指标性状的遗传分析 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
以云南稻种资源昆明小白谷与日本品种十和田配制的杂交F2、B2F1等为材料,在低温处理条件下研究了昆明小白谷7个农艺性状的遗传特性。结果表明总结实率和特定结实率是对低温最敏感的性状,可用作孕穗期耐冷性的评价指标,在无法用结实率来评价耐冷性时,也可用株高、穗长的变异率作为耐冷性指标。遗传研究发现有1～2对主基因参与调控结实率性状,回交使性状向轮回亲本趋近的速率因性状而异。 相似文献
12.
为明确镁对小麦花后高温胁迫的缓解效应,采用人工气候室模拟增温的方法,研究了灌浆期高温胁迫(昼/夜32/22℃)下施镁(0、10和20kg·hm~(-2))对小麦花后干物质积累转运的影响及其与籽粒灌浆的关系。结果表明,灌浆期高温胁迫显著降低了小麦籽粒的灌浆速率、粒重和产量,施用镁肥提高了小麦籽粒灌浆速率和产量。高温胁迫降低了小麦花后干物质积累量、花前干物质转运量、转运率和收获指数,施镁对花后干物质积累和转运量及收获指数有显著正效应。高温胁迫下施镁提高了植株干物质积累量及在籽粒中的分配比例,从而提高了灌浆速率和粒重。孕穗期施镁能有效缓解花后高温胁迫对小麦植株的伤害,有助于籽粒灌浆和产量的形成。 相似文献
13.
对10个花香A杂交组合参加水稻区域试验的产量和品质数据进行相关分析和通径分析。结果表明,产量性状中日产量与有效穗数、株高与穗长、总粒数与实粒数均成极显著正相关,日产量对产量的贡献最大(0.7205),其次为有效穗数;米质性状中整精米率与垩白粒率、长宽比与垩白粒率、垩白度呈显著负相关。提出了以花香A为亲本在配制杂交组合时,应主要通过提高其日产量、有效穗数,并适当延长其生育期、降低其株高与穗长来提升产量;同时,适度降低籽粒长宽比,从而提高灌浆效率,降低垩白粒率、垩白度,进而提高整精米率,提升稻米品质。 相似文献
14.
云南稻核心种质孕穗期耐冷性状间的相关性与生态差异 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
以548份云南地方稻核心种质为材料在昆明自然低温平均18℃(冷害)和温室23℃条件下进行了孕穗期耐冷性状间的相关性及其生态差异分析。 冷害条件下云南稻核心种质形态性状均与孕穗期耐冷性有关,耐冷指标性状每穗实粒数、穗颈长、每穗秕粒数、穗下节长、花药长及其体积、1~2节长与结实率呈较高的(≥0.549**)极显著(n=548, R0.01=0112**)相关;相反,温室条件下仅有每穗实粒数、秕粒数与结实率相关系数较高。 冷害条件下云南稻核心种质的每穗实粒数、花药体积、穗下节长、穗颈长与结实率大小在5个稻作区间的变化规律呈现一致性,这种差异既与株高、穗下节长、穗颈长和1~2节长等耐冷性状有关,又与地州或稻区间的气候和生态差异相联系;而温室条件下云南稻核心种质耐冷性状5个稻作区间差异不大,地州间结实率差异是每穗实粒数和秕粒数差异所致,而与耐冷性状关系不大。 相似文献
15.
Sarvestani ZT Pirdashti H Sanavy SA Balouchi H 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2008,11(10):1303-1309
A field experiment was conducted during 2001-2003 to evaluate the effect of water stress on the yield and yield components of four rice cultivars commonly grown in Mazandaran province, Iran. In northern Iran irrigated lowland rice usually experiences water deficit during the growing season include of land preparation time, planting, tillering stage, flowering and grain filing period. Recently drought affected 20 of 28 provinces in Iran; with the southeastern, central and eastern parts of the country being most severely affected. The local and improved cultivars used were Tarom, Khazar, Fajr and Nemat. The different water stress conditions were water stress during vegetative, flowering and grain filling stages and well watered was the control. Water stress at vegetative stage significantly reduced plant height of all cultivars. Water stress at flowering stage had a greater grain yield reduction than water stress at other times. The reduction of grain yield largely resulted from the reduction in fertile panicle and filled grain percentage. Water deficit during vegetative, flowering and grain filling stages reduced mean grain yield by 21, 50 and 21% on average in comparison to control respectively. The yield advantage of two semidwarf varieties, Fajr and Nemat, were not maintained under drought stress. Total biomass, harvest index, plant height, filled grain, unfilled grain and 1000 grain weight were reduced under water stress in all cultivars. Water stress at vegetative stage effectively reduced total biomass due to decrease of photosynthesis rate and dry matter accumulation. 相似文献
16.
Pre-anthesis non-structural carbohydrate reserve in the stem enhances the sink strength of inferior spikelets during grain filling of rice 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jing FuZuanhua Huang Zhiqin WangJianchnag Yang Jianhua Zhang 《Field Crops Research》2011,123(2):170-182
Sink strength plays an important role in grain filling of cereals but how it is related to the pre-anthesis non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) reserves is not clear. This study investigated if and how an increase in NSC reserves could enhance sink strength, and consequently improve grain filling of later-flowering inferior spikelets (in contrast to the earlier flowering superior spikelets) for rice varieties with large panicles. Two “super” rice varieties (the recently bred high-yielding rice) and two New Plant Type (NPT, named in IRRI for the extra-large panicle) rice lines were compared with two elite inbred varieties under field-grown conditions. Three nitrogen (N) treatments, applied at the stages of panicle initiation, spikelet differentiation or both, were adopted with no N application during the mid-season as control. Both super rice and NPT rice showed a greater yield capacity as a result of a larger panicle than the elite inbred rice. However, a lower percentage of filled grains limited the realization of higher yield potential in super rice and especially in NPT rice, due to their lower grain filling rate and the smaller grain weight of their inferior spikelets. The low grain filling rate and small grain weight of inferior spikelets are mainly attributed to a poor sink strength as a result of small sink size (small number of endosperm cells) and low sink activity, e.g. low activities of sucrose synthase (SuSase) and adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase). The amounts of NSC in the stem and NSC per spikelet at the heading time are significantly and positively correlated with sink strength (number of endosperm cells and activities of SuSase and AGPase), grain filling rate, and grain weight of inferior spikelets. Nitrogen application at the spikelet differentiation stage significantly increased, whereas N application at the panicle initiation or at both panicle initiation and spikelet differentiation stages, significantly reduced, NSC per spikelet at the heading time, sink strength, grain filling rate, and grain weight of inferior spikelets in super rice. The results suggest that pre-anthesis NSC reserves in the stem are closely associated with the sink strength during grain filling of rice, and N application at the spikelet differentiation stage would be a good practice to increase pre-anthesis NSC reserves, and consequently to enhance sink strength for rice varieties with large panicles, such as super rice varieties. 相似文献
17.
为明确大麦株高对磷素利用效率的影响,采用土培盆栽试验,以4对两种遗传背景下的大麦株高近等基因系为材料,设置施磷(P_2O_5:60 mg·kg~(-1)土)和不施磷两种磷处理,于成熟期采样,分析其农艺性状、磷含量、磷素利用效率等差异。结果表明,施磷处理下大麦近等基因系株高、单株产量、单株秸秆干重及收获指数均较不施磷处理增高,高秆大麦的株高、穗长、芒长、产量及收获指数均显著大于矮秆大麦,而其单株秸秆干重小于矮秆大麦。施磷处理下近等基因系根系、秸秆、籽粒磷含量及磷积累量整体高于不施磷处理。不施磷处理下,高秆大麦的秸秆磷含量及磷积累量整体小于矮秆大麦,而其籽粒磷积累量整体大于矮秆大麦,最大高出矮秆大麦89.87%。施磷处理下大麦的根系、秸秆及籽粒磷素利用效率小于不施磷处理,秸秆磷素利用效率变化最大,施磷为不施磷的25%～68%,其中高秆大麦变化幅度大于矮秆大麦。经相关性分析,大麦单株产量与籽粒磷积累量呈显著正相关,与根系磷积累量呈极显著或显著负相关;穗长与秸秆磷利用效率、株高与磷收获指数以及芒长与磷收获指数在施磷和不施磷处理下分别呈显著负相关和正相关。相较于矮秆大麦,高秆大麦在低磷环境下具有更高的收获指数及磷收获指数,说明高秆大麦具有更高的耐低磷特性。因此,在缺磷土壤中选择株高较高的大麦能获得更好的经济效益。 相似文献
18.
采用控制土壤水分方法,研究了不同生育阶段土壤水势(-30~-35 kPa和-60~-65 kPa和正常灌水0 kPa)对水稻上育397、绥粳3号穗部性状及产量的影响。结果表明,长穗期处理对2个品种穗部各性状的影响最大,此处理下上育397、绥粳3号的穗数显著高于对照,而穗长、穗节数、穗颈节枝梗数均极显著低于对照及其他处理,但同一时期不同处理间差异不显著。2个品种长穗期处理时的产量极显著低于对照,其次是分蘖期和抽穗后1～10 d的处理对产量影响较大,多数处理与对照的差异达到显著或极显著水平。穗长、穗节数、穗颈节枝梗数与各粒位籽粒产量均呈正相关,且与中位粒和劣势粒产量的相关系数均达到了显著或极显著水平。关键词 相似文献
19.
《Field Crops Research》1996,48(1):47-55
Phenological development, shoot dry matter production, grain yield and yield components of rice were examined in relation to drought occurring at various stages of growth. Rice was sown three or four times at three-week intervals in the field in each of two years, and performance in three stress trials was compared with that in corresponding irrigation trials, with the aim of quantifying the response of the crop to water stress of 23–34 days' duration developing at different growth stages. When drought occurred during vegetative stages, it had only a small effect on subsequent development and grain yield. The reduction in yield of up to 30% was due to reduced panicle number per unit area in one trial, and reduced number of spikelets per panicle in another. The effect of water stress on yield was most severe when drought occurred during panicle development. Anthesis was delayed, the number of spikelets per panicle was reduced to 60% of the irrigated control and the percentage of filled grains decreased in one crop to zero. This decrease in grain yield to less than 20% of the control was associated with low dry matter production during the drought period as well as during the recovery period following the drought. When drought occurred during grain filling, the percentage of filled grains decreased to 40% and individual grain mass decreased by 20%. The effect of stress was also related to its severity during grain filling. Stress at this stage hastened maturity. The results suggest that variation in yield components due to water availability is related to the variation in dry matter production at particular growth stages. Results of a supplementary shading experiment show that the relationship between spikelet number per panicle or single grain mass and crop growth rate was the same, whether growth rate was varied by availability of soil water or solar radiation. Filled-grain percentage, however, was more sensitive to drought stress than shading when comparison was made at a similar crop growth rate. 相似文献