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马铃薯褐变的原因有非酶褐变和酶促褐变,加工中引起褐变的主要原因是酶促褐变。综述了马铃薯酶促褐变的特性和褐变抑制剂的研究进展,在生产中抑制褐变可将不同方法结合使用,如水洗、热处理、酸处理、添加褐变抑制剂等,抗褐变效果会更好。 相似文献
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介绍了果蔬加工过程中酶促褐变与非酶褐变的原理,综述了果蔬加工中酶促褐变与非酶褐变的抑制方法. 相似文献
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采用分光光度法对砀山酥梨多酚氧化酶(PPO)酶促褐变机理进行研究。通过对其所催化的邻苯二酚氧化后所得到的产物吸光度值进行测定,分析了反应时间、pH值、温度和几种抑制剂对砀山酥梨PPO活性的影响,以及研究了破碎打浆、pH值、温度、贮存时间等不同加工过程对砀山酥梨酶促褐变变化趋势的影响。结果表明,以0.1 mol/L的邻苯二酚为底物,测得砀山酥梨PPO的最适pH值为6.5,最适温度为40℃,且随着时间的延长,砀山酥梨多酚氧化酶的活性始终保持稳定;L-半胱氨酸、柠檬酸、抗坏血酸对砀山酥梨多酚氧化酶的活性均表现出抑制作用,其中以柠檬酸的效果最好;在pH值3.5-4.6,酶促褐变对总褐变指数的贡献低于非酶促褐变,且pH值越高,酶促褐变对总褐变指数的贡献越大;在4℃,室温和37℃下,酶促褐变对总褐变指数的贡献低于非酶褐变,且温度越高,酶促褐变对总褐变指数的贡献越大,温度为37℃时,随着贮存时间的延长,酶促褐变对整个褐变反应的贡献逐渐减小。 相似文献
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酶促褐变是导致果蔬组织褐变的主要原因,控制酶促褐变很大程度上能够减轻果蔬采后褐变的发生。本文就国内外关于果蔬采后酶促褐变控制的物理、化学和生物方法的研究进展进行综述,以期为采后果蔬的贮藏保鲜提供理论依据。 相似文献
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对目前国内外针对食品褐变发生的原因、影响因素及防治技术等的研究进行概括和总结。根据条件不同，褐变可分为酶促褐变和非酶促褐变，而非酶促褐变又可进一步分为美拉德反应、焦糖化反应、抗坏血酸氧化分解和多元酚氧化缩合。影响褐变的因素众多，酶促褐变的影响因素包括底物种类及浓度、酶的活性、氧气、温度和pH等；影响非酶促褐变的因素因具体反应不同而异，其中温度和pH是最主要的影响因素。基于褐变的发生机制和影响因素，褐变的防治技术包括物理防治技术、化学防治技术以及两者的联合使用。指出当前果蔬贮藏和褐变防治技术面临着能耗较大、成本较高和安全性较低的问题，同时，进一步展望了褐变防治技术应以物理防褐变技术为主，辅以必要的化学技术处理，并应将重点放在新材料和新抑制剂的挖掘上。 相似文献
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宣化马奶葡萄采后果实褐变机理的探究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以宣化马奶葡萄为试材,测定采后果实的褐变指数、5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)、相对电导率及果皮硬度等指标,以明确马奶葡萄的褐变类型及易发生褐变的原因。结果表明:酶促褐变是马奶葡萄采后褐变的主要类型;马奶葡萄细胞膜透性的增大是酶和底物接触反应的关键;果皮硬度较小导致其极易受损,活性氧清除酶活性下降导致自由基的增加,促进了膜脂过氧化进程,加速了膜系统完整性的破坏,为酶和底物接触反应创造了条件;多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性的升高也加快了马奶葡萄的褐变。 相似文献
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以翠冠梨为试材,对其贮藏过程中酶促褐变进行了研究。结果表明,翠冠梨在贮藏期间先进行酚类物质合成,后发生降解, 多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性呈先升后降趋势,酚类物质的减少和褐变同时发生,PPO促进酚类物质氧化,结果导致褐变。低温贮藏(0℃)能延缓果实衰老软化褐变。 相似文献
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翠冠梨酶促褐变及其生化机制研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以翠冠梨为试材 ,对其贮藏过程中酶促褐变进行了研究。结果表明 ,翠冠梨在贮藏期间先进行酚类物质合成 ,后发生降解 ,多酚氧化酶 (PPO)活性呈先升后降趋势 ,酚类物质的减少和褐变同时发生 ,PPO促进酚类物质氧化 ,结果导致褐变。低温贮藏 (0℃ )能延缓果实衰老软化褐变。 相似文献
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为探究红枣在干燥过程中酚类物质的变化及其与褐变的关系,选用新疆和田大枣为试材,采用中短波红外干燥方式对其进行干制处理,测定其在干燥过程中总酚、总黄酮、单体酚类物质含量及褐变度的变化,并鉴定酶促褐变的底物。结果表明:随着干燥过程的进行,枣果褐变度不断提高,总酚、总黄酮含量不断下降;枣果中共鉴定出11种酚类物质,其中芦丁、绿原酸、儿茶素、表儿茶素是其主要酚类物质,没食子酸、表儿茶素、儿茶素、绿原酸、咖啡酸、阿魏酸是枣果的酶促褐变底物,儿茶素是最主要的酶促褐变底物;干制过程中枣果的褐变度与总酚、总黄酮含量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与儿茶素、表儿茶素、绿原酸含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与没食子酸含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),说明总酚、总黄酮参与了枣果褐变的进程。研究结果为红枣干燥过程品质调控了提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Sugunya Chidtragool Saichol Ketsa Judith BowenIan B. Ferguson Wouter G. van Doorn 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2011,62(1):59-63
In mango (Mangifera indica) cv. Nam Dok Mai fruit, stored at 4 °C, peel browning occurred within 9 d, while no browning was found in cv. Choke Anan fruit stored at 4 °C for 30 d. During 6 d of shelf life at 27-28 °C, following various periods of low temperature storage, the peel browning in cv. Nam Dok Mai (if not yet maximal) became worse, whereas little browning was observed in cv. Choke Anan fruit. The pulp of the fruit of both cultivars did not show browning during the 4 °C storage, but the pulp of cv. Nam Dok Mai exhibited some browning during shelf life if the fruit had been stored at 4 °C for more than 18 d. Peel and pulp color were not correlated with total free phenolics. A high correlation coefficient was observed between peel browning and PAL activity in the peel, while a very low correlation was found with peel catechol oxidase activity. The browning in the pulp was not correlated with the measured enzyme activities. The data therefore show a relation between PAL activity in the peel and low temperature-induced peel browning. 相似文献
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将寒富苹果分别置于10组不同比例O2和CO2的气调装置中（对照是流动的空气）,在0℃条件下贮藏60d．研究不同气调参数对贮藏期间果实品质及褐变的影响。结果表明,气调贮藏果实的硬度虽然保持较好,但是都不同程度地产生了CO2伤害,当环境中的CO2浓度〉1％时,果实NCO2伤害而产生褐变。VC含量减少,电导率上升。总体品质下降,然而对照果实始终未发生褐变的现象。说明寒富苹果是不耐CO2气体的苹果品种,贮藏期出现的果实褐变是由CO2伤害造成的。因此,寒富苹果在贮藏时．应及时通风换气．如在贮藏中采用塑料袋包装,应避免扎口,防止果实产生CO2伤害。 相似文献
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《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2009,53(3):294-299
Longkong (Aglaia dookkoo Griff.) fruit rapidly loses its yellow skin color and turns brown after harvest. We aimed to elucidate the postharvest physiology and browning mechanism of longkong fruit stored at a 70–85% RH and at room temperature (25 °C). The respiration rate slightly decreased with progressive fruit browning, while ethylene production was dramatically increased. Preliminary experiments showed that ethylene treatment markedly increased peel browning, suggesting that this is induced by ethylene. The peel L-value continuously decreased during storage, in relation to the severity of peel browning. The peel surface morphological data indicated that the ultrastructure of longkong peel collapsed after harvest, especially around brown areas. The total phenolic content of peel tissue rapidly increased, concomitant with rapid increases in phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity and browning score on day 2. Tissue from the lower part of the fruit had higher total phenolic contents, as well as polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and PAL activities, compared to the top and middle parts of the fruit; however, peroxidase (POD) activity slightly changed during storage, possibly independent of phenol oxidation. The browning of longkong peel was not associated with changes in soluble solids contents, titratable acidity or ascorbic acid levels. 相似文献
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Browning is the main physiological disorder of ‘Yali’ pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd) during storage. In this study, the relationships between browning development in fruit from different harvest dates, and cooled either rapidly or slowly, with polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and isozymes, and PPO gene expression has been investigated. Development of browning was highest in late-harvest fruit in both core and flesh tissues and was higher in rapidly cooled than slowly cooled fruit. Mid-harvest fruit had the lowest browning incidence and PPO activity of core tissue was higher than in flesh and seeds, while the peak of PPO activity in mid-harvest fruit was the lowest. Six PPO isoenzymes were detected in fruit, three bands A, B and E in flesh and core tissues, three bands C, D and F in the seeds. The intensity of PPO isoenzyme staining of bands A and B in pulp and core was similar to that of PPO activity and browning incidence. PPO gene expression increased and then decreased in core tissues. Trends of expression were similar to those of PPO activity. Rapid cooling promoted the expression PPO. The results suggest PPO plays an important role in ‘Yali’ pear browning during storage. 相似文献
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Effects of a phospholipase D inhibitor on postharvest enzymatic browning and oxidative stress of litchi fruit 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jian Sun Xiangrong You Li Li Hongxiang PengWeiqiang Su Changbao Li Quanguang He Fen Liao 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2011,62(3):288-294
Membrane lipid degradation catalyzed by phospholipase D (PLD) results in postharvest browning and senescence of litchi fruit. The effects of n-butanol, a specific PLD inhibitor, on enzymatic browning and oxidative stress during storage of litchi fruit at room temperature were evaluated. n-Butanol-treated fruit had a lower browning index and disease index than untreated fruit. n-Butanol treatment also decreased PLD activity. As a result, the decompartmentalization of litchi polyphenoloxidase and substrates was reduced. The conversion of substrates (−)-epicatechin and procyanidin A2 into quinones was slowed down and enzymatic browning of litchi pericarp tissues was lower after 6 d storage. Additionally, n-butanol-treated fruit possessed significantly lower malondialdehyde contents than untreated fruit after 4 d storage. Analysis of antioxidative enzyme activities showed that n-butanol treatment inhibited oxidative stress mainly by maintaining high catalase activity in litchi pericarp tissues. Consequently, senescence of litchi fruit during storage was moderated. 相似文献
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果蔬食品的褐变与控制 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
结合生产实际,对果蔬食品产生褐变的机理及其控制途径进行探讨。通过遗传学途径,培育果蔬新品种,使之不含易氧化变色物质,增强其天然抗褐变性,是控制果蔬褐变的根本途径。 相似文献
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谷胱甘肽处理对采后鸭梨果实黑心病和抗氧化代谢的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
谷胱甘肽(GSH)是一种重要的抗氧化剂。鸭梨果实经过负压渗透GSH后,并经缓慢降温最终贮存于0℃和80%￣90%的相对湿度(RH)条件下。结果表明,GSH能有效抑制鸭梨果实在低温贮藏6个月后黑心病的发生,处理果的黑心率及黑心指数分别比对照果降低了26.9%和37.1%。GSH处理的果实在贮藏过程中较对照具有较低的丙二醛含量,处理后果实中抗坏血酸、GSH含量以及超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性也明显高于对照果,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶较对照提前出现活性高峰,而谷胱甘肽还原酶的变化不明显。GSH处理对鸭梨果实黑心病的抑制作用可能与其增强了果实的抗氧化能力有关。 相似文献
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《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2007,43(1):1-13
Disorders occurring during long-term storage of pears can cause economic loss, especially when disordered fruit cannot be distinguished externally from sound fruit. A typical category of disorders in pear fruit is related to internal browning of the flesh and the presence of cavities. In this review, information which appeared in the literature in the last decade has been integrated into a generic model for the development of storage-related browning disorders in pear. In this model it is assumed that browning disorders are caused by an imbalance between oxidative and reductive processes due to metabolic gas gradients inside the fruit, leading to an accumulation of reactive oxygen species. The latter may induce loss of membrane integrity which becomes macroscopically visible through the enzymatic oxidation of phenolic compounds to brown coloured polymers. The development of disorders during postharvest ripening and storage of fruit also depends on a range of preharvest factors such as climate conditions and crop load. Methods to evaluate the incidence of browning disorders nondestructively have been reviewed. 相似文献