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1.
板栗木材密度和直径生长的研究 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
本文通过对板栗木材密度与年轮宽度的研究表明,板栗木材年轮宽度较窄,为０．２１ｃｍ,近髓心宽度较大,后期呈较平衡的下降趋势;年轮密度从髓心向外一直呈逐渐下降趋势;平均木密度为０．６１６４ｇ／ｃｍ＾３,最大密度为０．７７８５ｇ／ｃｍ＾３,最小密度为０．３７７４ｇ／ｃｍ＾２,早材密度０．４８３５ｇ／ｃｍ＾３,晚材密度０．６８２１ｇ／ｃｍ＾２,变异幅度０．４３９,密度梯度２３．６９７８,木材面向密度为０． 相似文献
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3.
短轮伐期雷林1号桉木材材性变异研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了７－８年生雷林１号桉木材密度及化学成分在株间和株内的变异规律，及施肥措施对木材密度及化学成分的影响。径向的变异，木材密度和纤维素含量由髓心向外呈增加趋势，分别由髓心处的０．５０５ｇ／ｃｍ＾３和４２．８８％增加到树皮附近处的０．５６０ｇ／ｃｍ＾３和４４．９１％；木素及多戊糖含量则呈减小趋势，分别由２６．５４％和１８．０３％减小到２５．９４％和１６５．５５％。树干度高方向的是，木材密度是由基部向 相似文献
4.
铜钱树木材基本密度较大。经测定为０．７３３ｇ／ｃｍ＾３。自髓心向外，其基本密度初期为递增状态，约１４年后变化趋于相对平衡，后期略有下降趋势。基本密度自基部向上逐渐减小，但在树高４ｍ以上略有增大趋势。基本密度与生长轮年龄、纤维长度、细胞壁厚度呈正相关。 相似文献
5.
通过对杂交杨ｗ－１４密度试验所产种条、苗木的生物量测算、内含物（还原糖、全氮等）测定、育苗、造林试验，确定了生产种条的合理密度为７～１４株／ｍ２，平茬苗（Ⅰ（２）－０）的合理密度为３～６株／ｍ２；合格种条的标准是地径（离地５ｃｍ）、Ｄ５＞１ｃｍ，Ｄ５／Ｈ＞０．００６，全条皮干重（Ｗ）在（Ｗ）ｄ１１．７ｇ以上，还原糖含量在４４ｍｇ／ｇ左右，合格苗木的标准是：地径（离地６ｃｍ）Ｄ６＞１．５－２．０ｃｍ，地上部皮干重为３１ｇ或３９ｇ以上，上段皮还原糖含量在４５．８ｍｇ／ｇ以上。 相似文献
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刚果12号桉的木材性质及制浆试验 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
进行了５龄刚果１２号桉的木材性质和制浆试验。以胸高圆盘加权平均数为单元，平均导管直径９０μｍ，管孔数１６Ｎ／ｍｍ２；射线数１５Ｎ／ｍｍ；纤维长度０．８６８ｍｍ，壁厚２．９μｍ；组织比量（％）：导管１４．０，薄壁组织２９．８，纤维５６．２；基本比重０．５７７。研究了这些性质的径向变异性。木材强度中等。综纤维素含量７７．６２％，木素含量２５．０９％。烧碱－蒽醌法制浆试验表明，容易成浆，粗浆得率４６．９２％，漂浆白度７３．８％，纸片成型性良好，耐破指数４．５８ｋＰａ·ｍ２／ｇ，撕裂指数７．５３ｍＮ·ｍ２／ｇ。 相似文献
7.
枫香苗期密度试验及苗木分级指标探讨 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
通过对枫香苗期苗木密度与地经、高、根系、叶面积、生物量等的方差分析，得出枫香苗期最适密度为９０株／ｍ＾２。采用逐步聚类法对苗木分级指标进行了探讨，提出枫香苗木分级指标为：Ｉ级苗Ｈ≥５０．９ｃｍ，Ｄ≥０．４９ｃｍ；Ⅱ级苗３７．７ｃｍ≤Ｈ≤５０．８ｃｍ，０．３０ｃｍ≤Ｄ≤０．４８ｃｍ；Ⅲ级苗Ｈ≤３７．６ｃｍ，Ｄ≤０．２９ｃｍ。 相似文献
8.
报道新研制的ＨＵ２－ＨＷ１型超低容量喷洒设备与海燕６５０Ｂ飞机配套的技术参数的测试方法和结果。在超音速风洞实验室,用来流风速２７ｍ／ｓ和３３ｍ／ｓ,测试１号雾化头转速依次为７４６０、９３５０ｒ／ｍｉｎ,２号雾化头为８４１０、１１８００ｒ／ｍｉｎ,药液泵压力３．５￣５．０ｋｇ／ｃｍ＾２,流量１５．０￣２１．０Ｌ／ｍｉｎ,有效喷幅４０ｍ,雾滴粒径９５￣１７０μｍ,雾滴密度平均９￣１６滴／ｃｍ＾２,雾滴 相似文献
9.
两年田间小区试验表明：在粘壤土条件下，森草净有效成份１ｇ／６６７ｍ＾２土壤处理可在一个月内有效地控制果园草害，防效达９０％￣１００％，森草净有效成份１．５、３．０、６．０ｇ／６６７ｍ＾２土壤处理可在７０ｄ内控制杂草，防效在７５％￣１００％。上述处理对鸭趾草和多年生双子叶杂草防效较差，只有２０％￣７０％。当果园杂草２０￣２５ｃｍ，森草净有效成份４．０和６．０ｇ／６６７ｍ＾２茎叶处理可有效地控制杂草生 相似文献
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内蒙古磴口河套地区４ａ灌溉试验表明：（１）采用目前生产上的１５０００－２２５００ｍ＾３／（ｈｍ＾２．ａ）灌溉量，使土壤表层的含盐量由灌溉前的０．５ｇ／ｋｇ上升到１．０ｇ／ｋｇ以上。（２）按合理灌水定额公式计算，年灌溉量以７５００ｍ＾３／ｈｍ＾２为宜；最佳含水率下限１９．９９％；在灌水期地下水位为１．９７－３．０２ｍ，变幅１ｍ左右（３）年灌水次数应控制在８－１２次。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献