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芥蓝的丰产性状是育种的重要目标性状,由于控制芥蓝的产量性状均为数量性状,常规育种进展缓慢,基因定位及分子标记辅助育种可提高选择效率。本研究利用2个产量差异大的芥蓝自交不亲和系冬强♀（产量高）与Lb07M（产量低）为亲本,构建F2分离群体,F2自交获得F2 ∶ 3家系,对产量性状进行了QTL定位分析。对F2 ∶ 3家系中单株重、单薹重、株高、薹高、叶长、叶宽、薹粗进行了调查,利用已构建首张芥蓝变种内的SSR和SRAP遗传图谱,结合田间性状调查数据,用QTLNetwork2.0软件通过混合线性复合区间作图法（MCIM）对7个产量性状进行了QTL分析。在10个连锁群中共定位了8个QTL位点,其中控制单薹重、单株重、株高、叶宽的QTL各1个,分别解释表型变异的18.4％,17.8％,19.1％,15.1％;控制主薹高和叶长的QTL各为2个,共解释表型变异的23.8％、22.1％。芥蓝产量性状的QTL定位结果可为分子标记辅助选择高产品种提供参考。 相似文献
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在水培条件下研究27个芥蓝品种的生物量及硝酸盐含量.结果表明,芥蓝的生物量与成熟期成显著的正相关性,晚熟品种的生物量大,早熟品种的生物量较小.芥蓝不同品种间硝酸盐含量差异显著,薹茎和叶片都易积累硝酸盐,总体上薹茎硝酸盐含量高于叶片.聚类分析将27个芥蓝品种划分为硝酸盐含量低、中、高3个类群,硝酸盐含量低的类群(9个品种)生物量小,硝酸盐含量高的类群(5个品种)生物量大,硝酸盐含量中等的类群(13个品种)生物量中等.芥蓝丰富的硝酸盐积累类型及其与生物量的密切相关性,为低硝酸盐品种选育及分子机理研究奠定了基础. 相似文献
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研究不同1-MCP（0.1、1.0、10.0 μL/L）浓度处理结合聚乙烯袋包装和低温贮藏（10 ℃）对中花芥蓝采后营养品质的保鲜效果。结果表明：叶片中的叶绿素、维生素C、可溶性蛋白含量分别是茎薹的25、2、5倍，而茎薹中的可溶性糖含量是叶片的4.5倍。贮藏20 d后，芥蓝叶片黄化，花蕾开放并脱落；芥蓝在贮藏过程中，叶绿素和维生素C含量的下降比可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量明显，叶片营养成分的下降比茎薹明显。1-MCP（1.0 μL/L）处理可有效保持芥蓝的营养品质，贮藏20 d后叶片基本保持绿色、花蕾部分开放 相似文献
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在水培条件下设置等氮量的4个铵硝营养配比处理（CK,0 ∶ 100;T1,10 ∶ 90;T2,25 ∶ 75;T3,50 ∶ 50）,研究其对芥蓝生长和品质的影响。利用模糊数学原理,采用层次分析法确定权重,对芥蓝品质进行综合评价。结果表明：与CK相比,T1处理促进了芥蓝的生长,但对食用品质无显著影响;T2处理芥蓝产量最高,但对食用品质的改善作用较小;T3处理芥蓝食用品质评价值最高,但植株生长受到抑制。芥蓝的综合品质以中量增铵的T2处理最优。基于层次分析法的模糊综合评判对芥蓝品质的综合评价有较好的适用性。 相似文献
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芥蓝种质资源遗传多样性的SRAP分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
调查56份芥蓝种质的植物学性状,并利用SRAP标记分析其遗传多样性。结果表明,从312对引物中筛选出24对引物,共扩增出稳定清晰的条带747条,其中多态性条带147条,多态性位点比例为19.6%。基于SRAP扩增结果 ,应用NTSYSpc2.1构建聚类树状图谱,供试材料间的遗传相似系数的变化范围是0.524～0.884,在相似系数为0.66的水平上,可将56份芥蓝分为6大类。由于芥蓝原产华南地区,其遗传多样性要小于芸薹属其它蔬菜。 相似文献
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摘薹使甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育系初花期推迟9～17d,终花期推迟2～3d;微粉花率降低到1.8％～10.1％,比不摘薹株的微粉花率(为23.2％)低得多,是杂交制种时调节花期、控制微粉花数量的有效方法。且摘薹早和摘薹轻的植株再生能力强,总花朵数多,有效角果效多,制种产量高。结果表明,摘薹宜在薹高30～40cm时进行,摘薹长度以3～6cm为宜,摘去的主茎叶片数15片左右。 相似文献
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萝卜芥蓝异源四倍体(Raphanobrassica, RRCC, 2n = 36)与埃塞俄比亚芥(B rassica carinata, BBCC, 2n = 34)正反交,结果表明:萝卜芥蓝异源四倍体×埃塞俄比亚芥可交配率为7. 3% ,反交为64. 6%。正反交F1 植株均 呈双亲中间形态,体细胞染色体数目为35,花粉母细胞减数分裂染色体主要配构型为10Ⅱ + 15Ⅰ。62个F2 植株 和22个与埃塞俄比亚芥的回交植株的形态为中间类型、偏萝卜芥蓝异源四倍体或偏萝卜。AFLP检测到F2 和BC1 植株均含有大量双亲特异片段,聚类分析表明,这些植株独立于亲本种聚成一组。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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Whereas the concept that availability of resources drives seed production is sound in principle, it is incomplete as there are many solutions to the allocation of resources that derive from the trade-off between number and size. This paper examines evolutionary aspects of this trade-off in annual grain crops. The analysis is centred on the working hypotheses that, for a given species and environment, allocation of resources to reproduction involves (H1) high plasticity in seed number, which allows for variable resource availability, and (H2) a relatively narrow range of seed size that results from evolutionary and agronomic selection. Comparisons between crops and fish are used to highlight common evolutionary elements in taxa where parents provide little or no care to their offspring, with the consequence that both number and early survival of offspring, hence fitness of parents, are partially related to embryo size and reserves.
The plasticity of seed number in relation to availability of resources is analysed against the established relationship between offspring number and parent growth rate during critical stages. The notion that seed size is under stabilising selection is analysed against three conditions: (1) mean seed size is conservative for a given species and environment, (2) seed size affects fitness, and (3) seed size is heritable. Databases from published papers were compiled to analyse the relative variability of seed size and number, and the heritability of seed size. Evidence for and against the link between seed size and parental fitness is revised using the Smith–Fretwell model as framework (Am. Nat., 108, 499–506).
The proposal of high plasticity of seed number and narrow variability of seed size resulting from stabilising natural selection is generally consistent with evolutionary and genetic considerations. Agronomic selection may have reinforced natural selection leading to relatively narrow seed size in species such as wheat and soybean, where cultivated types retained high plasticity for seed number. In contrast, selection for one or few inflorescences in crops like sunflower and maize may have morphologically reduced seed number plasticity and increased variability of seed size and its responsiveness to resource availability in relation to their wild ancestors. 相似文献
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Yanhua Lu Chongwei Zhang Peter Bucheli Dongzhi Wei 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2006,61(2):55-63
Flavonoids-enriched tissues of citrus such as peel, immature fruit and flower are consumed as culinary seasonings, tea ingredients in China for centuries. This HPLC quantitative study on the five citrus flavonoids, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, sinensetin and nobiletin on a wide range of Chinese citrus fruits and several Traditional Chinese Medicinal food ingredients in East China, revealed a great diversity in flavonoid composition. Huyou peel (C. paradisi cv. Changshanhuyou) was found to be the best naringin (3.25%) and neohesperidin (2.76%) source; C. aurantium, a major ingredient of several citrus-related TCM, is also a suitable source of naringin and neohesperidin, and a good juice source for flavanone glycosides; the peel of Wenzhoumiju (C. unshiu) is one of the richest local species in hesperidin (up to 6.25%); Zaoju (C. subcompressa) has the highest content of nobiletin (0.59%), a polymethoxylated flavone. LC-ES-MS analysis of Zanthoxylum genus for flavonoids revealed for the first time the presence of significant amounts (0.74%) of hesperidin in the root of Liangmianzhen (Z. nitidum (Roxb.) DC), a relative of Sichuan pepper, which is a spice widely used in China. 相似文献
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Summary The viability of five pathogens was decreased by treatment with hot water when tested in vitro.Polyscytalum pustulans was most sensitive andRhizoctonia solani least sensitive.
Potato tubers were exposed to 55°C for 5 min in a commercial continuous hot water treatment plant using naturally contaminated
seed tubers and tubers which had been inoculated by dipping in comminuted cultures. The frequency of eyes colonised byP. pustulans, Helminthosporium solani, andR. solani was reduced to virtually zero and the effect persisted on tubers subsequently stored at 4°C and at 15°C for up to 16 wk.
Results withColletotrichum coccodes were inconclusive. Treatment suppressedPenicillium spp. which, however, rapidly recolonised the eyes during storage, leading to higher contamination levels in the treated than
in the untreated tubers. With tubers inoculated withPhoma foveata, good control was achieved when the incubation period before treatment was 10 d but not when the period was 42 d. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):379-400
Summary Heterocyclic 1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones and related benzox-azolinones are important natural products of the cereal crops maize, wheat and rye. Much research has focused on the role of these compounds as defensive agents against plant diseases and pests. Studies of a wide variety of biological effects on herbivores and nematodes, plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria are reviewed in this article. Phytotoxic activity of the compounds is also considered with respect to allelopathic interaction with higher plants. Recent investigations of molecular aspects of interactions of cyclic hydroxamic acids and related benzoxazo-linones with acceptor organisms have demonstrated different effective detoxification strategies and tolerance mechanisms. This research has greatly advanced our knowledge about the multiple roles that these allelochemicals play in ecological systems. 相似文献
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Potential of dry fractionation of wheat bran for the development of food ingredients,part I: Influence of ultra-fine grinding 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Youna Hemery Marc Chaurand Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Vieno Piironen Abdelkrim Sadoudi Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is an undervalued by-product of white flour and has great nutritional potential due to its high content in fibres and bioactive compounds. Micronized bran could be used as a food ingredient to improve the nutritional potential of cereal products, or be used as a starting material for other processes (bioactive compound extraction or bran fractionation). The aim of this work was to find a way to efficiently decrease the particle size of bran. The influence of the grinding temperature (ambient or cryogenic grinding) on the granulometric distribution of particles, their composition, and their microstructure was studied, at lab-scale and pilot-scale. It showed that the intrinsic characteristics of bran (glass transition within intermediate layers at −46 °C) had more influence on its grinding behaviour than the type of grinding device used: the particles size distributions obtained after grinding at lab-scale and pilot-scale were very similar. At both scales, the granulometric curves were narrow for cryogenic grinding, while for ambient grinding they were spread over the whole particle size range. Ultrafine particles were obtained in both ambient and cryogenic conditions. Negative temperatures, by increasing the material’s brittleness, favoured a fast fragmentation of bran: one step of cryogenic grinding allowed a median particle size of nearly 50 μm to be reached, whereas three successive steps of ambient grinding were needed for the same result. On the other hand, ambient temperature favoured the dissociation of the different constituent layers of wheat bran, and produced less composite particles than cryogenic grinding. 相似文献
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Multiple use of plants: Studies on selenium incorporation in some agricultural species for the production of organic selenium compounds 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The technique of spraying plants with inorganic forms of selenium can be employed for phytochemical production of organic selenium compounds. Fractionation of the plant material makes it possible to produce a highly concentrated and well defined selenium supplement with potential use in animal and human nutrition. The fractionation also gives opportunities to combine production of organic selenium compounds with other products, for example plant fibres. Multiple use of plants can contribute to a more efficient utilization of land area (in comparison to monocultures solely adapted to food production). It also gives the opportunity to develop systems suitable for long term fixation of carbon, as long as the plant material is not reoxidised to carbon dioxide. Plant fibres could provide raw material for the production of paper or building materials in combination with the production of organic selenium compounds preferentially accumulated in another fraction of the processed plant. 相似文献
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Summary
Macrosiphum euphorbiae, collected in the field from potato plants infected with potato leafroll virus (PLRV), transmitted the virus to fewer potato
plants in a field trial than did laboratory-rearedMyzus persicae. In the laboratory,M. persicae was the only efficient vector of PLRV fromPhysalis floridana seedlings, potato sprouts or excised leaves toP. floridana. Two clones ofM. euphorbiae and one clone ofAulacorthum solani transmitted PLRV from infected potato plants toNicotiana clevelandii as effeciently asM. persicae but a clone ofAphis gossypii was an inefficient PLRV vector. An isolate of PLRV, whichM. persicae transmitted inefficiently from potato toN. clevelandii, was also transmitted inefficiently byM. euphorbiae andA. solani. 相似文献