共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 343 毫秒
1.
金龟子绿僵菌对红棕象甲的室内致病力测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在室内用喷雾法测定13株绿僵菌对红棕象甲的致病力。结果表明,菌株致病力强弱与菌株种类有密切关系,菌株的浓度与累计死亡率成线性关系。菌株对红棕象甲的致病力由强到弱的顺序为：Red2＞Red3＞Gre1＞Yx7＞Yx4＞Gre3＞Red1＞Yx1＞Gre2＞Yx6＞Gre4＞Gre5＞Yx3。接种Red2菌株在孢子浓度为1.0×108个/mL水悬浮剂情况下,对4龄红棕象甲幼虫的LT50为5.23 d。用不同浓度的Red2菌株的孢子油悬浮剂涂抹法接种4龄幼虫,发现其LC50为7.32×106个/mL。另外,经试 相似文献
2.
红棕象甲为害调查与诱集监测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2006～2008年,累积多次在海南省多个县市开展实地调查,发现红棕象甲[Rhynchophorus ferrugineus(Oliver)]的寄主植物15种,常见受害寄主植物有椰子、霸王棕、美丽针葵、酒瓶椰子等,并对采集的红棕象甲虫源标本及为害特征进行观察。在海南8个市县的椰子种植区及棕榈园共设30个监测点,各个监测点均能诱到红棕象甲成虫。田间实时诱集监测的3年积累试验数据显示:全年均能诱集到红棕象甲成虫,6～8月份能诱到较多的红棕象甲成虫,说明这时期是红棕象甲成虫活动的一个高峰期。 相似文献
3.
为探讨利用昆虫病原线虫嗜菌异小杆线虫H06品系防治红棕象甲的可行性,在室内研究了该线虫对红棕象甲幼虫的致死效果和毒力水平。采用微量点滴法测试线虫不同施药剂量和施药时间对红棕象甲3龄幼虫的致病效果,并观察处理后红棕象甲幼虫的形态学特征变化。嗜菌异小杆线虫H06品系对红棕象甲具有一定的致死作用,随着线虫接种剂量的增加,红棕象甲死亡率增加;毒力测定结果显示,随着处理时间的延长,红棕象甲幼虫的LD50呈现降低的趋势,同时随线虫接种剂量的提高,LT50逐渐缩短;形态学观察结果显示,红棕象甲幼虫被嗜菌异小杆线虫H06品系感染后,虫体呈现出僵硬皱缩、体色变褐、身体肿胀直至最后虫体腐烂、线虫游离而出的现象。实验结果表明,嗜菌异小杆线虫H06品系对红棕象甲低龄幼虫具有一定的防控潜力。 相似文献
4.
红棕象甲在中国扩散的风险分析 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
对棕榈科植物上的危险性外来生物红棕象甲(Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Fab.)的形态特征、国内外分布情况、生物学和寄主等进行了描述。并根据有害生物风险分析的方法,采用多指标综合评估方法来计算红棕象甲的风险程度,建立了一、二级评判标准的计算模型,计算出红棕象甲危险性评价的风险值R为2.2538,属于危险性较高的有害生物,并提出进行风险管理的相关对策。 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
红棕象甲成虫对5种植物发酵挥发物的行为反应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用Y型嗅觉仪测定了红棕象甲(Rhynchophorus ferrugineus)成虫对甘蔗(Saccharum officinarum)、椰子(Cocos nucifera)、假槟榔(Archontophoehix alexandra)、槟榔(Areca catechu)和菠萝(Ananas comosus)等5种植物发酵挥发物的选择行为.结果表明,红棕象甲成虫对不同植物发酵挥发物敏感性不同,对寄主植物的选择性显著高于非寄主植物菠萝,依次排序:甘蔗≈椰子>假槟榔≈槟榔>菠萝.雌成虫和雄成虫对椰子和甘蔗的行为反应同其他3种植物相比有更强的趋性,但雄成虫对假槟榔、槟榔和菠萝3种植物发酵挥发物的选择性无显著差异.甘蔗、椰子、假槟榔3种植物食物诱饵的田间诱捕试验结果表明,植物挥发物对红棕象甲聚集信息素具有极显著的增效作用(P<0.01).3种植物田间诱捕效果差异显著(P<0.05),依次为:甘蔗>椰子>假槟榔.不同食物诱饵诱捕的雌成虫数均多于雄成虫. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Jeanine M. Davis Wayne H. Loescher Max W. Hammond Robert E. Thornton 《American Journal of Potato Research》1986,63(2):71-79
Two field studies were conducted to determine the effects of soil fumigation on the response of Russet Burbank potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) to NH4-N or NH4NO3 fertilizers. In one study fumigation increased yields but N source had no effect. In the other study fumigation had no effect but NH4-N provided higher yields than NH4NO3. Microbial studies indicated that although populations of nitrifying bacteria were initially altered by fumigation, nitrification rates were similar to those in non-fumigated soil. In a controlled environment study in which potatoes were grown in fumigated field soil, neither N source nor fumigation had any effect on growth or yield. These studies indicated that fumigation had no effect on the response of potatoes to NH4-N or NH4NO3 fertilizers. 相似文献
13.
Two fields in Weld County, Colorado were fumigated in the fall or spring with Telone C in an attempt to restore their productivity. The soils were Julesburg sandy loams and had been cropped to either corn or potatoes for many years. Observations were made over three years on the following: soil ammonium and nitrate nitrogen carry over, seasonal changes in these two forms of nitrogen, petiole nitrate concentration,Verticillium population, verticillium wilt expression,Verticillium stem infection and potato yields of two varieties. No significant differences occurred between control and fumigated blocks in the carry over of soil ammonium or nitrate nitrogen. During the growing season of the first year, no significant differences in soil nitrate concentrations occurred, while during the second and third year at certain times, all fumigated blocks contained significantly less nitrate nitrogen than the control block. Significant seasonal differences measured between blocks in soil ammonium concentration were not related to fumigation. Petiole nitrate concentrations while similar during the first year, were significantly higher in most fumigated treatments the second year and generally lower than the controls in the third year. Verticillium populations were not consistently affected by fumigation. Fluctuations not associated with fumigation prevented drawing definite conclusions. Both spring and fall fumigation reduced wilt severity in the two varieties. Effects of spring fumigation carried through two seasons while fall fumigation did not. Plant infection, determined by culturing stem sections, corresponded with the wilt severity ratings. Fall fumigation increased market yields of Norland potatoes but the increase was not statistically significant. Usually, both fall and spring fumigation significantly increased market yield of Norgold potatoes and over three years, spring fumigation was significantly better. Yield increases resulting from fumigation were considered greater than could be explained from alteration in the soil ammonium to nitrate ratios and/or verticillium wilt control as measured in this study. 相似文献
14.
From 1968 to 1973, 13 field experiments were carried out to discover any effects of fumigation of seed tubers with 2-aminobutane
(used for tuber disease control) on subsequent plant growth and yield. Nine experiments were done with tubers treated within
1 month of harvest, the remaining 4 with tubers stored for several months before treatment.
In general, fumigation did not have any substantial effect on the growth pattern or the yield of the crop obtained from treated
seed, although in most cases it was probable that there were small increases in the number of sprouting eyes, percentage emergence,
stem number and in weight and number of seed tubers at harvest. However, these effects rarely reached levels which gave a
statistically significant increase over crops grown from untreated material. 相似文献
15.
The application of nematicides resulted in increased potato yields, and populations ofPratylenchus penetrans were lower for 3 years after application; but longevity of benefits of fumigating potato fields varied with the kind and amount of nematicide, application methods and with growing conditions after fumigation. Fumigation of two fields in the fall of 1965 with Vorlex, Telone, D-D, and mixtures of chloropicrin with Telone or D-D resulted in 70% to 90% control of the meadow nematode,P. penetrans, after two crops in one field, and 50% to 70% control after three crops in another. Yield increases of Kennebec potatoes averaged 42% and 16% in successive crops in the first field and yield increases of Katahdin potatoes averaged 13%, 22% and 16% in three successive crops in the other field. Fumigation resulted in 30 to 70% less vascular browning in tubers in the first two crops but there was no effect in the third crop. There was no effect on black scurf in any crop. Root injury varied proportionally with populations ofP. penetrans in roots in 1967. Populations ofP. penetrans regained injurious levels in three other fields after one crop when abundant root growth in moist 1967 followed spring fumigation with Telone and D-D. Under poor conditions for sealing of the soil following fumigation in the spring of 1968, counts ofP. penetrans collected at different soil depths after fumigation showed excellent kill below 3 inches and poorer kill in the upper 2 inches of soil. 相似文献
16.
The fumigation of soil infested with a moderate population of parasitic nematodes and fungi very effectively improved the growth, quality and yield of potatoes. The beneficial effects of fumigation with DD and Vorlex were mainly attributed to control of nematodes, particularly the meadow nematode. However, the fumigants did effectively reduce the population ofRhizoctonia solani on potato roots and “scurf” on tubers caused byR. solani. Also less vascular browning of tubers developed in fumigated soil. Thus the effects of soil fumigation were complex, affecting many microorganisms and consequently producing numerous manifestations in the growth of potatoes. 相似文献
17.
Francisco G. Bittara Gary A. Secor Neil C. Gudmestad 《American Journal of Potato Research》2017,94(2):129-147
The effect of chloropicrin fumigation on the soil populations of Spongospora subterranea and the development of powdery scab, formation of root galls and tuber yield was investigated in seven field trials conducted in Minnesota and North Dakota. Sixteen potato cultivars, with different levels of susceptibility to disease on roots and tubers, were planted in plots treated with chloropicrin at rates ranging from zero to 201.8 kg a.i. ha?1. The amount of S. subterranea DNA in soil was determined using qPCR. Bioassays were conducted to further assess the effect of chloropicrin fumigation on root colonization by S. subterranea in two potato cultivars with contrasting disease susceptibility. In the field, chloropicrin applied at rates between 70.1 to 201.8 kg a.i. ha?1 significantly decreased S. subterranea initial inoculum in soil but increased the amount of disease observed on roots and tubers of susceptible cultivars. The effect of increasing disease was confirmed in controlled conditions experiments. Although the amount of S. subterranea DNA in roots of bioassay plants increased with increasing chloropicrin rates, it remained similar among potato cultivars. Chloropicrin fumigation significantly increased tuber yield which in cultivars such as Shepody and Umatilla Russet were associated with the amount root galls (r = 0.30; P < 0.03). Results of these studies contradict earlier reports on the use of chloropicrin fumigation for the control of powdery scab. Factors other than inoculum level, such as environmental conditions that affect inoculum efficiency and host susceptibility, may be significant contributors to the development of powdery scab and root gall formation. 相似文献
18.
氟化物熏气对橡胶叶氮代谢的某些影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过熏气模拟试验,研究了熏气后橡胶叶片蛋白质含量的变化,以及活体条件下,HF熏气对相应一些酶活性的影响。结果表明:相同熏气时间(2h、4h),低浓度[<18.4062 μg/(cm2·d),<10.7243 μg/(cm2·d)]熏气时,蛋白质含量下降,蛋白酶活性上升,以后随浓度升高,蛋白质含量升高,蛋白酶活性受到抑制;相同浓度[6.6277 μg/(cm2·d)],短时间(<6h)熏气时,蛋白酶活性上升,以后随时间延长,此酶活性受到抑制。熏气后谷氨酸脱氢酶的活性受到抑制。 相似文献
19.
Soil fumigation with materials containing methyl isothiocyanate, 1, 3-dichloropropene, or trichloronitromethane, alone or in combination, delayed “early maturity disease” symptoms caused byVerticillium dahliae Kleb, in potatoes and increased yields. Soil fumigation increased the crop value as much as $818 per acre, depending on the material and rate, used when potatoes were grown for two consecutive years following fumigation. With the exception of trichloronitromethane, fall fumigation was as effective or more effective than spring fumigation. 相似文献
20.
Plastic liners are used inside boxes of table grapes to retard moisture loss from the grapes and to contain sulfur dioxide gas released inside the packages to control postharvest decay. However, to control organisms of quarantine concern, regulators specify exported packages must be fumigated with methyl bromide (MB), and to enable adequate diffusion of the fumigant into the packages they specify the liners must be perforated. The percentage of the area of the liner that is perforated, formerly stipulated to be not less than 0.3%, was recently increased to not less than 0.9%. Two MB fumigation schedules specified for control of the Chilean mite, Brevipalpus chilensis, were applied to grape packages with a high-density polyethylene liners with perforated areas of 0.9% or with a SO2-releasing liners with perforated areas of 0.3, 0.6, or 0.9%. Package and chamber concentrations were measured repeatedly for up to three hours during MB fumigation at 4.4 or 6.0 °C with a dosage 64 mg L−1 or at 26.7 °C with a dosage 56 mg L−1. Diffusion was similar and rapid into the packages among all perforated areas. MB concentrations inside the packages were not less than 95% of those of the chamber atmosphere within 15 min. After fumigation with an MB dosage 64 mg L−1 at 4.4 °C and subsequent storage at 2.0 °C, mean MB residue content in grapes from most packages 48 h after MB fumigation was below the limit of quantitation of 0.002 mg kg−1. After fumigation with an MB dosage 56 mg L−1 at 26.7 °C and subsequent storage at 2.0 °C, mean MB residue content in grapes from most packages 24 h after MB fumigation was below the limit of quantitation. 相似文献