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为了解脱落酸(ABA)缓解小麦幼苗铜胁迫伤害的生理机制,采用营养液培养方法,研究了外源ABA对0.5mmol·L~(-1) Cu~(2+)胁迫下小麦幼苗叶绿素、可溶性糖含量及抗氧特性的影响。结果表明,0.5mmol·L~(-1) Cu~(2+)胁迫对小麦幼苗伤害明显,降低了叶片叶绿素和可溶性糖含量及根、叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,提高了根和叶片丙二醛含量。铜胁迫下,添加1μmol·L~(-1) ABA可显著提高小麦幼苗叶片叶绿素和可溶性糖含量及根和叶片过氧化物酶(POD)、叶片SOD活性,降低叶片铜含量。说明适宜浓度的外源ABA可通过调节渗透调节物质含量、增强抗氧化酶活性来减轻铜胁迫对小麦幼苗的伤害,提高其抗铜胁迫能力。 相似文献
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为了研究外源ABA及其抑制剂对低温下冬小麦生理生化指标的影响,以冬小麦东农冬麦1号为试验材料,于三叶期分别叶面喷施10 μmol·L-1 ABA、5 mmol·L-1 钨酸钠和50 μmol·L-1 氟啶酮,田间自然降温条件下,分别于10 d平均最低温度达到4、0、-10、-25 ℃时取叶片测定相关生理生化指标。结果显示,随着温度的降低,各处理组小麦叶片的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量先升后降,在0 ℃达到峰值;脯氨酸、丙二醛（MDA）含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性逐渐升高。经ABA处理后,小麦叶片的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸含量及SOD活性显著高于对照组,但不同温度下的变化水平有所差异;MDA含量低于对照组,在0 ℃时差异显著,说明外源ABA可提高冬小麦抗寒能力。两种合成抑制剂处理后,小麦叶片的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸含量和SOD活性（除0 ℃）均显著低于对照组,MDA含量（除4 ℃）显著高于对照组,说明其对小麦的效应与ABA处理相反,可降低冬小麦抗寒性。钨酸钠处理组各项指标与ABA处理相比变化差异显著,氟啶酮处理组各项指标与ABA处理相比差异极显著,说明ABA在参与冬小麦抗寒性的调控过程中起着重要作用,且氟啶酮对冬小麦抗寒能力影响更大。 相似文献
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苗期喷施外源脱落酸对北方白菜型冬油菜越冬生理的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为提高北方寒旱区冬油菜抗寒性,以白菜型冬油菜陇油8号为材料,在冬前幼苗长至6-7片真叶时,分别用5、10、15、20、25mg/L的ABA溶液喷施叶片,通过调查越冬率,及日最低温度降至约-5℃时叶片生理指标和根的生长,研究ABA对白菜型冬油菜抗寒性的影响。结果表明,喷施ABA能显著提高白菜型冬油菜的越冬率,20mg/L时越冬率达到最高(86.3%),较CK增加26.7%。喷施ABA后,受冻时(-5℃)叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性显著提高,可溶性蛋白(SP)、可溶性糖(SS)、游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量显著增加,较CK增加22.1%~451.8%;丙二醛(MDA)的积累显著降低。喷施ABA后,受冻时油菜根系活力极显著增强,侧根数极显著增多,根颈粗、根重均有增加,但不显著。结果显示,20mg/L的ABA溶液喷施效果最好,表现为酶活性最高,渗透调节物质含量最高,MDA降幅最大,根系活力最强,侧根数最多。说明在北方寒旱区种植白菜型油菜,6-7片真叶时(冬前)喷施20mg/L外源ABA越冬效果最好,其抗寒性的增强主要是通过增加叶片保护性酶活性和渗透调节物质含量,降低MDA含量,从而缓解叶片的低温冻害。同时,通过增加根系活力和侧根数抵御冻害,为及时返青提供保障。 相似文献
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脱落酸对干旱胁迫下茶树生理特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
脱落酸（Abscisic acid,ABA）是一种重要的植物激素,在植物对胁迫耐受性和抗性中发挥着重要作用。以茶树品种迎霜为材料,分别采用100 mg·mL-1、200 mg·mL-1聚乙二醇6000（PEG 6000）模拟干旱胁迫,研究了外源ABA对干旱胁迫下茶树叶片生理生化特性的影响。结果表明：喷施外源ABA后,渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性略有提高。干旱胁迫下,外源ABA能提高茶树体内脯氨酸、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白含量,同时增强了抗氧化酶活性,从而降低干旱胁迫对茶苗的伤害。经ABA处理后的茶苗在复水后,渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性均保持较高值,外源ABA对提高茶树抗旱性起到一定的作用。 相似文献
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通过对国家桑树种质资源华南分圃内的230个桑树品种资源嫩芽进行感官审评,筛选出口感好、风味佳的菜用桑品种资源8个,对其主要营养物质、风味物质以及桑叶总抗氧化活性进行了测定,并对主要营养和风味物质含量与总抗氧化活性的相关性进行分析.结果表明:桑嫩芽营养和风味物质含量丰富,8个菜用桑品种资源的抗坏血酸含量为20.21～25.10 mg/hg FW、类胡萝卜素含量为4.90～5.91 mg/hgFW、可溶性蛋白含量为0.40％ ～0.53％、可溶性总糖含量为0.92％～1.47％、果糖含量为0.37％ ～0.69％、蔗糖含量为0.22％～0.58％;营养风味物质含量在不同桑树品种资源间存在明显差异,其中菜桑10的抗坏血酸、类胡萝卜素、可溶性糖含量最高,而菜桑04-107的总抗氧化活性最强;各营养物质含量与总抗氧化活性表现出不同程度的正相关,其中仅可溶性蛋白与总抗氧化活性呈显著正相关. 相似文献
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干旱胁迫下外源脱落酸对大豆花期生理特性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以大豆品种绥农14为材料,采用盆栽试验研究了大豆花期干旱胁迫条件下喷施不同浓度外源脱落酸(ABA)对大豆生理特性的影响,并对不同浓度脱落酸的作用效果进行比较。结果表明:与正常供水相比,干旱条件下的大豆叶片过氧化物酶活性、丙二醛含量、可溶性糖含量、游离脯氨酸含量均增加,超氧化物歧化酶活性和叶绿素含量降低,喷施一定浓度外源ABA明显缓解了干旱胁迫下大豆各项生理指标的变化幅度。喷施ABA后1～13 d,4.0 mg.L-1的ABA明显提高了过氧化物酶的活性、1.0 mg.L-1ABA能明显促进超氧化物歧化酶活性升高和可溶性糖含量增加,并能缓解叶绿素含量的降低;3.0 mg.L-1的ABA明显使脯氨酸含量增加;2.0 mg.L-1的ABA对缓解丙二醛积累作用明显。综合分析表明,干旱胁迫下,叶面喷施一定浓度的脱落酸维持了大豆花期叶片的正常生理代谢功能,有效的提高了叶片抗氧化能力和控制了叶片的衰老进程。 相似文献
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《杂交水稻》2015,(5):70-73
利用水培的方法,通过比较水稻幼苗在干旱、高温单一和交叉逆境下渗透调节物质含量和活性氧清除系统的变化,研究了水稻幼苗对干旱和高温交叉逆境的适应机制。结果表明,与对照相比,高温、干旱单一逆境下,水稻幼苗可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、相对电导率、O-2.产生速率和H2O2含量均显著提高,保护酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性和GSH、ASA含量显著降低;与单一逆境处理相比,交叉逆境处理可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量进一步提高,而相对电导率、O-2.产生速率和H2O2含量降低,保护酶活性和GSH、ASA提高。说明逆境预处理可通过促进水稻叶片渗透调节物质的积累,提高活性氧的清除能力,进而增强水稻幼苗对其它逆境的适应能力。 相似文献
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低温胁迫对木薯组培苗叶片若干代谢生理指标的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以木薯SC8和MS5供试材料,研究5℃低温处理0、7、10、12和15 d对木薯组培苗叶片若干生理代谢指标的影响。结果表明:木薯种质SC8和MS5在5℃低温胁迫下,随着胁迫时间的延长,叶片的相对电导率、可溶性糖、丙二醛含量呈不断上升趋势,而可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性、过氧化物酶活性呈先上升后下降的变化趋势;低温胁迫下,叶片的相对电导率与丙二醛含量和可溶性糖含量呈极显著正相关,与超氧化物歧化酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量呈极显著负相关;可溶性蛋白含量与丙二醛含量呈显著负相关,与游离脯氨酸含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性、过氧化物酶活性呈极显著正相关;超氧化物歧化酶活性与可溶性糖含量呈极显著负相关,与过氧化物酶活性呈极显著正相关;主成分分析显示超氧化物歧化酶活性、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和相对电导率在第1主成分中占有最大的信息量,与木薯耐寒性关系密切,可作为评价木薯耐寒性强弱的主要生理指标,其次是可溶性蛋白、丙二醛含量和过氧化物酶活性。综合分析生理数据认为木薯MS5的耐寒性高于SC8,这为下一步从离体保存库中直接采用组培苗方式进行大规模筛选耐寒种质提供参考方法。 相似文献
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几种植物生长物质对毛叶枣果实品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用浓度分别为20,50mg/L的GA3,NAA,ABA,6-BA涂抹谢花40 d后的毛叶枣(Zizyphus mauritiana Lam.)幼果.果实成熟后,测定果实的相关品质.结果表明:(1)20mg/LAA能够显著提高毛叶枣果实维生素C、可溶性固形物、蔗糖和有机酸的含量,但对单果重没有影响;20mg/L 6-BA也能提高果实维生素C、可溶性总糖和蔗糖的含量,但降低了单果重、葡萄糖和果糖的含量;20 mg/L ABA能促进果实增大,提高果实可溶性总糖和有机酸的含量;20 mg/L GA能增加有机酸的含量,但降低了含糖量、单果重及维生素C.(2)50 m/LNAA处理能提高果实所有品质的含量;50 mg/L ABA和6-BA都能提高含糖量及有机酸,但降低了单果重和维生素C含量;50mg/L GA能增加单果重、有机酸,但降低了含糖量和维生素C.综合结果表明,20mg/L浓度处理优于50 mg/L,而且NAA处理对提高毛叶枣果实品质效果比GA3,ABA,6-BA的好. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
16.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
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Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献