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1.
AVRDC的菜用大豆育种研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
亚洲蔬菜研究与发展中心 (ＡＶＲＤＣ)成立于 1 971年 ,总部设在我国台湾省南部的善化 ,大豆是其最初确定研究的六大作物之一。一开始ＡＶＲＤＣ主要从事粒用大豆育种研究 ,菜用大豆育种并未受到重视。 1 976—1 978年才开始对少量大粒种质资源作为菜用大豆进行筛选 ,1 985年后随着台湾省对日本菜用大豆出口的增加 ,菜用大豆育种研究越来越受到重视 ,90年代后菜用大豆已成为ＡＶＲＤＣ大豆育种的主要内容 ,而粒用大豆育种逐渐转至泰国的亚洲区域中心 (ＡＲＣ/ＡＶＲＤＣ)。本文根据ＡＶＲＤＣ1 980年至 1 995年的年度报告《ＡｎｎｕａｌＰｒ… 相似文献
2.
美国大豆育种研究新进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
美国大豆育种研究新进展邱丽娟（中国农科院作物品种资源研究所）ＮＥＷＡＤＶＡＮＣＥＳＩＮＴＨＥＳＴＵＤＲＳＯＹＢＥＡＮＢＲＥＥＤＩＮＧＯＦＵ．Ｓ．Ａ．￥ＱｕＬｉｊｕａｎ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＣｒｏｐＧｅｒｍｐｌａｓｍＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ，Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ... 相似文献
3.
第二届国际菜用大豆会议简讯 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
由美国华盛顿州立大学主办的第二届国际菜用大豆会议 (ＳｅｃｏｎｄＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＶｅｇｅｔａｂｌｅＳｏｙｂｅａｎＣｏｎｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ)于 2 0 0 1年 8月 10日至 12日在美国华盛顿州西雅图市附近的塔科马科城举行。与会的 78位代表分别来自 15个国家和地区 ,其中 ,约半数与会者来自美国以外的国家或地区。南京农业大学国家大豆改良中心盖钧镒教授 (会议计划委员会成员 )和中国农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所的韩天富研究员分别应邀参加了会议。中国台湾有 10人参会 ,分别来自亚洲蔬菜研究开发中心 (ＡＶＲＤＣ)、高雄区农业改良场、台南区农业改良场和亚细亚食品控股有限公司。会议期间 ,先后有 6位代表做了大会报告 ,30位代表在分组会议上发言 ,讨论了世界菜用大豆生产、加工和贸易的历史和现状 ,交流了在菜用大豆遗传、育种、种质资源、栽培技术、病虫害防治、品质分析、加工利用及与人类健康的关系等方面的最新进展。盖钧镒教授做了题为《中国毛豆生产的历史》的大会报告 ;宋达博士 (ＳｕｎｄａｒＳｈａｎｍｕｇａｓｕｎａｔａｍ ,ＡＶＲＤＣ)及其他几位台湾学者分别在大会及分组会议上报告了国际采用大豆研究现状和台湾... 相似文献
4.
栽培大豆品种间RAPD标记的多态性分析及聚类分析 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
应用从６０００多份大豆种质资源中筛选的２１个抗大豆花叶病毒病的品种或品系及７个感病的品种或品素,选用２０个随机引物,对总ＤＮＡ进行了随机扩增。有１８个引物扩增得得到了稳定的ＲＡＰＤ图谱。ＯＰＨ－０６和ＯＰＨ－１０未能扩增到ＲＡＰＤ产物。 相似文献
5.
为了解保存在长期库、冰柜和干燥器中的种质,其田间出苗率、主要农艺性状和含油量如何变化,调查了三种贮藏方式下的53份油菜。结果表明储藏11～14年之间的种质田间出苗率平均值都高于储藏19～25年之间的种质,长期库和冰柜中保存的种子出苗率高于干燥器中保存的,表明干燥器不利于种子的长期保存。在长期库、冰柜和干燥器三种保存方式下,11个农艺性状的平均值一致表现为长期库优于冰柜,更优于干燥器;其中全株角果数、单株产量、单株重和分枝高度在三种保存方式下变异较大,变异系数在20％以上;角果宽度和含油量变异较小,变异系数在9％以下,说明不同保存方式不但影响种子活力和田间出苗率,还影响农艺性状。相关分析表明,因保存方式不同,出苗率表现不一致,与之相关的农艺性状也不同;在不同的储藏年限间,出苗率与株高、一次分枝数、全株角果数、主序角果数、单株产量均呈显著正相关。干燥器中保存的种质,因为活力丧失严重,整体出苗率较低,很难判断出苗率与农艺性状间的相关性。 相似文献
6.
中国大豆品种资源保存方案的研讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对我国大豆种质资源保存现状的调研，论述了大豆种质长，中，短期保存的基本方案。长期保存采取复份制；中期保存可在东北，黄淮海及南方三个豆产区各建一个０℃库。形成大区保存和研究中心；以３６个单位为基地，分另短期保存本地资源。 相似文献
7.
大豆RAPD影响因素的探讨 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
为确保ＲＡＰＤ结果的重复性和真实性,本文对影响大豆ＲＡＰＤ结果的主要因素进行了研究,这些因素包括：Ｔａｑ酶、ＭｇＣｌ２、模板、ｄＮＴＰｓ引物浓度、双引物扩增及热徨数。最终优化的大豆ＲＡＰＤ反应体系为：２５ｕｌ反应液中,１０倍反应缓冲液（１００ｍＭＴｒｉｓ－ＨＣｌｐＨ８．０,５００ｍＭＫＣｌ,０．１％ｇｅｌａｔｉｎ）,２．０ｍＭＭｇＣｌ２,ｄＣＴＰ、ｄＧＴＰ、ｄＴＴＰ、ｄＡＴＰ和０．２ｍＭ,１５ｎｍ 相似文献
8.
水稻等重要作物种子的保存与管理体系探究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
农作物种业是国家战略性、基础性核心产业,是促进农业长期稳定发展、保障国家粮食安全的根本。我国是农业大国,农作物栽培历史悠久,最早的种植业可以追溯至距今10 000年前的新石器时代初期。我国有丰富的作物品种资源,包括数以万计的农家品种以及从国外引进的不少品种,这些宝贵的材料是一个国家最具价值、最具有战略意义的资源,如果缺乏妥善的保存管理方法,保存不当,就会使品种资源遭受严重的损失。有效保存优良种质资源的关键是现代化种质资源库的建立与利用。本文就国内外水稻等作物种子保存的状况进行了梳理,并对中国水稻研究所的种子贮存现状进行了调研及分析,为未来如何更好、更高效地进行种质资源的保存提供参考。 相似文献
9.
芝麻种质资源中期库保存现状分析 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
介绍了我国芝麻种质资源中期库保存的基本情况,通过对已保存13至27y间各阶段的种质发芽率检测,明确了该中期库保存条件下芝麻种子出现快速下降的拐点发芽率为75%,种质的有效保存期为13～15y,安全保存期为10～12y,更新繁殖的最佳期限为12～13y,极端期限为15y,品种间、入库时种子质量等因素对种子生活力有影响,指出该中期库种质更新繁殖的紧迫性. 相似文献
10.
新疆作物种质资源库的种质保存 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
１９８８年投入运行的新疆作物种质资源库,在自然条件下,保存有４１种作物２万余份种质。经过发芽率测定,所有种子均可保存１０年,多数还可保存更长时间。表明该库在干燥环境条件下,具有很好的种质资源保存性能。 相似文献
11.
Utilization of exotic and diverse germplasm is needed to enhance the genetic diversity of cultivars. Genetically diverse lines provide ample opportunity to create favorable gene combinations, and the probability of producing a unique genotype increases in proportion to the number of genes by which the parents differ. Representative core collections (10% of the entire collection) have been suggested as a means to identify useful parents for crop improvement programs. The chickpea core collection (1956 accessions) was evaluated for 14 agronomic traits in two seasons to identify diverse agronomically superior chickpea germplasm. Season (year) and genotypic effects were significant for 13 of the 14 traits, while genotype × season effect was significant for 8 traits. The desi, kabuli, and intermediate type chickpeas differed significantly for days to maturity, basal secondary branches, pods per plant, seed yield, and 100-seed weight. In comparison to controls, 12 accessions flowered early, 15 produced greater seed yield, and 29 had greater 100-seed weight. Based on days to 50% flowering, pods per plant, seed yield, and 100-seed weight, 19 desi, 15 kabuli and 5 intermediate type chickpea germplasm lines originating from 10 countries were selected. The selected desi accessions produced 8.5% more seed yield and had 32% larger seeds than the control cultivar Annigeri while the selected kabuli accessions yielded at par with control L 550 but had 84% larger seeds. The 39 selected accessions and two control cultivars (Annigeri and L 550) were grouped by their first five principal components (PCs) into three clusters. Cluster 1 consisted of early maturing large-seeded kabuli types, cluster 2 early and late maturing desi types, and cluster 3 late maturing intermediate and kabuli types. Clusters 2 and 3 accessions had small to medium sized seeds. These accessions can be used in chickpea breeding programs to develop high yielding desi and kabuli cultivars with a broad genetic base. 相似文献
12.
Aurélie Andrieu Jean Christophe Breitler Christelle Siré Donaldo Meynard Pascal Gantet Emmanuel Guiderdoni 《Rice》2011,5(1):1-13
Background
Although the genetic structure of rice germplasm has been characterized worldwide, few studies investigated germplasm from Thailand, the world’s largest exporter of rice. Thailand and the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) have diverse collections of rice germplasm, which could be used to develop breeding lines with desirable traits. This study aimed to investigate the level of genetic diversity and structures of Thai and selected IRRI germplasm. Understanding the genetic structure and relationships among these germplasm will be useful for parent selection used in rice breeding programs.Results
From the 98 InDel markers tested for single copy and polymorphism, 19 markers were used to evaluate 43 Thai and 57 IRRI germplasm, including improved cultivars, breeding lines, landraces, and 5 other Oryza species. The Thai accessions were selected from all rice ecologies such as irrigated, deep water, upland, and rainfed lowland ecosystems. The IRRI accessions were groups of germplasm having agronomic desirable traits, including temperature-sensitive genetic male sterility (TGMS), new plant type, early flowering, and biotic and abiotic stress resistances. Most of the InDel markers were genes with diverse functions. These markers produced the total of 127 alleles for all loci, with a mean of 6.68 alleles per locus, and a mean Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) of 0.440. Genetic diversity of Thai rice were 0.3665, 0.4479 and 0.3972 for improved cultivars, breeding lines, and landraces, respectively, while genetic diversity of IRRI improved and breeding lines were 0.3272 and 0.2970, respectively. Cluster, structure, and differentiation analyses showed six distinct groups: japonica, TGMS, deep-water, IRRI germplasm, Thai landraces and breeding lines, and other Oryza species.Conclusions
Thai and IRRI germplasm were significantly different. Thus, they can be used to broaden the genetic base and trait improvements. Cluster, structure, and differentiation analyses showed concordant results having six distinct groups, in agreement with their development, and ecologies. 相似文献13.
14.
Rao M.S.S. Bhagsari A.S. Mohamed A.I. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(3):241-251
The soyfood industry prefers some soybean [( Glycine max L. (Merr.)] cultivars over others based on chemical constituents, physical traits, and processing quality of the seed. However, soybean cultivars possessing the combination of desirable agronomic traits and biochemical characteristics that enhance the quality of soyfoods have not been identified in the U.S. Thus, this research was conducted with the objective of determining yield, seed protein, and fatty acid composition of soybean genotypes selected for tofu production. Twelve soybean genotypes were planted in plots arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications at the Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, Georgia during 1994 and 1995. Seed yield ranged from 1.6 to 3.0 metric tons/ha. The protein content varied between 314.2 and 480.7 g/kg seed. Both BARC-8 and BARC-9 had significantly higher protein content than other genotypes. These two genotypes also showed significant year by genotype interactions for some fatty acids. V71-370 had the highest oleic acid concentration and a high ratio (0.92) of monounsaturated to polyunsaturated fatty acids. The concentration of linoleic and linolenic acids ranged from 406.5 to 531.0 and 37.1 to 63.0 g/kg oil, respectively. Seed yield was correlated with biomass, harvest index, and filled pods per m2. In this study, V71-370 was found to be relatively superior in oil quality with fatty acid composition desirable for human consumption. The significant variation for seed yield and biochemical characteristics observed among the few genotypes examined in this study indicates the potential for breeding high yielding soybean cultivars suitable for soyfoods. Therefore, there is a need for evaluation of soybean germplasm for agronomic traits that contribute to seed yield and biochemical characteristics including fatty acid profiles that enhance soyfood quality before initiating development of suitable cultivars for tofu. 相似文献
15.
16.
Patrush Lepcha Ashley N. Egan Jeff J. Doyle N. Sathyanarayana 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2017,72(3):225-235
Winged bean, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC., is analogous to soybean in yield and nutritional quality, proving a valuable alternative to soybean in tropical regions of the world. The presence of anti-nutritional factors and high costs associated with indeterminate plant habit have been major concerns in this crop. But occurrence of good genetic variability in germplasm collections offers precious resources for winged bean breeding. However, lack of germplasm characterization is hindering such efforts. From a genomic standpoint, winged bean has been little studied despite rapid advancement in legume genomics in the last decade. Exploiting modern genomics/breeding approaches for genetic resource characterization and the breeding of early maturing, high yielding, determinate varieties which are disease resistant and free of anti-nutritional factors along with developing consumer friendly value-added products of local significance are great challenges and opportunities in the future that would boost cultivation of winged bean in the tropics. We review past efforts and future prospects towards winged bean improvement. 相似文献
17.
针对云南牧草种子繁殖技术薄弱等问题，首次利用射线辐照等诱变处理、生物技术等手段，对云南草地生态建设和草地畜牧业中大量使用的白三叶、纳罗克狗尾草种质资源遗传多样性进行研究，开展优质高产品种选育；根据云南白三叶和狗尾草种子生产中存在的种子产量低、质量差以及杂草难以控制和病虫害严重等实际问题，开展了白三叶和狗尾草种子生产的水肥调控、杂草控制、生长调节剂、果后管理、种子收获及清选加工技术等一系列研究，为云南省牧草种子生产的产业化和优良品系或品种的选育提供技术支持。 相似文献
18.
花生晚斑病抗性遗传分离分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用高抗晚斑病种质ICGV86699与高感花生品种中花5号作亲本构建重组近交系XA-RIL群体,采用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析晚斑病抗性的遗传特性。结果表明,XA-RIL群体家系间晚斑病抗性差异极显著,抗性受2对加性-上位性主基因+加性-上位性多基因控制,主基因遗传率为60.10%~86.61%,微效多基因遗传率为6.65%~32.77%。相关分析表明,晚斑病抗性与晚熟、结果数少、小籽粒等性状连锁。鉴定出家系XA006为一个综合农艺性状优良的高产、高抗晚斑病材料。 相似文献
19.
氮高效利用种质资源的筛选与鉴定是大豆高产育种的重要前提。本研究以78份大豆种质资源为材料，采用水培养法，分析正常氮（氮浓度为7.5 mmol/L）和低氮（氮浓度为0.75 mmol/L）条件下大豆生物量和耐低氮指数。根据地上部干重、总干重、耐低氮胁迫指数初步筛选出3份耐低氮材料（2011-X-559、2011-X-618、2011-X-639）、3份低氮敏感材料（2011-X-472、2011-X-531、2011-X-547）和2份中间型材料（吉育86、东农53）。进一步复筛测定8份大豆种质材料的叶绿素含量、生物量、氮含量和根系形态构型等17个氮利用相关指标，通过对性状指标的变异系数、相关性和主成分分析，筛选出总干重、整株氮含量、整株总氮、总根长、根体积和根表面积6个指标可作为大豆苗期耐低氮评价关键指标，并依此鉴定出耐低氮材料2011-X-618和低氮敏感材料2011-X-531。本研究为大豆耐低氮机制解析和氮高效育种提供了优异种质资源和理论指导。 相似文献
20.
《Field Crops Research》2001,69(2):183-190
Blackgram germplasm comprising 484 accessions was evaluated for qualitative and quantitative traits at NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan (33.40°N and 73.07°E). Quantitative traits were analyzed for cluster and principal component analyses. The first four PCs with eigenvalues >1 contributed 79.5% of the variability amongst accessions. Populations with high PC1 values were high yielding and characterized by low harvest index (HI). The populations with high PC2 values were late in flowering and maturity but low in HI, grain yield, branches, pods and pods/branch. Nine important characters contributed more positively to the first three PCs. The germplasm was catagorized in five clusters based on average linkage and clusters II, III and IV were more clearly separated than I and V. A selection score (SC) to find appropriate HI range was calculated and high SC was observed for HI range from 30.1 to 35.0% (14.71) and 25.1 to 30.0% (13.84), which is suggested as one of the selection criteria for future blackgram improvement. The germplasm under investigation displayed a wide range of diversity for most of the traits along with some accessions with unique characters which could help to identify landraces with suitable traits to be used in hybridization programme for breeding to broaden genetic base. 相似文献