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1.
The G-4260, IR-N, M-6, and M-8 strains of avian nephritis virus (ANV) were inoculated orally into 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks of the line PDL-1 for pathological and serological study. Five of 15 chicks inoculated with the G-4260 strain died with visceral urate depositions. One of 15 chicks each inoculated with the M-6 and M-8 strains died with nephrosis and visceral urate deposition, respectively. No chicks inoculated with the IR-N strain died. Mean body weights of ANV-inoculated chicks, except for the IR-N-inoculated chicks, at 14 days postinoculation (PI) were significantly lower than those of control chicks (P less than 0.01). However, interstitial nephritis was observed in all ANV-inoculated birds that were histopathologically examined at 14 days PI. In the serological study, the G-4260 and IR-N strains were classified as the same serotype, and the M-6 and M-8 strains were classified as a different serotype from the G-4260 and IR-N strains. These results indicate that there at least two serotypes of ANV and its strains differ in pathogenicity. 相似文献
2.
Avian reovirus (ARV) and avian nephritis virus (ANV) were individually isolated from runty 10-day-old broiler chicks. The ARV isolate, IR-R, the ANV isolate, IR-N, and the reference strain of ANV, G-4260, were inoculated orally into 1-day-old chicks of two specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicken lines, 151 and PDL-1. Growth retardation without the presence of gross lesions was clearly observed at 7 and 14 days postinoculation (PI) in chicks of both lines inoculated with the IR-R strain. On the other hand, in chicks inoculated with IR-N strain, growth retardation was observed only in the chicks of line 151 at 7 and 14 days PI. Microscopically, nephritis was observed in both chicken lines at 7 and 14 days PI. When chicks that were inoculated with the IR-N strain at 1 day of age were inoculated with the IR-R strain at 3 days of age, growth retardation was observed in the chicks of line PDL-1 at 10 and 17 days PI. However, the growth retardation was less severe than in the group receiving a single inoculation of the IR-R strain. 相似文献
3.
Groups of approximately 20 one-day-old chickens were inoculated with G-4260, the reference strain of avian nephritis virus (ANV), or saline. Based on mortality rates from severe nephritis in comparable experiments, light Sussex chickens generally were more susceptible than Rhode Island red (RIR) chickens. Mortality was greater in those given broiler starter than those given other feeds, and was greater when light Sussex chickens were given broiler starter feed and cold-stressed at 15 +/- 1 C for 2 hr daily during the first week rather than brooded normally. Inoculation with G-4260 either orally or by intraperitoneal injection produced similar results in RIR chickens. Thirty-three inoculated chickens died of severe nephritis between 4 and 12 days postinoculation, and 24 (73%) of them had visceral urate deposits. Inoculated inbred white leghorn Line 15 chickens with maternal antibody to ANV were brooded normally and given broiler feed: they were susceptible to infection as evidenced by subsequent histological lesions in the kidneys and serology, but mortality was not a feature. There were no deaths from nephritis in inoculated non-inbred white leghorn chickens free of maternal antibody to ANV that were given broiler feed and brooded normally. These results have implications in standardizing experimental conditions for the study of mortality induced by G-4260 and similar viruses. 相似文献
4.
The G-4260 strain of avian nephritis virus (ANV) was passaged using five different methods as follows: method 1, passage three times in chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of 11-day-old embryonated eggs (CAM3); method 2, passage twice in CAM and further passage once in yolk sac (YS) of 6-day-old embryonated eggs (CAM2-YS1); method 3, passage 11 times in CAM (CAM11); method 4, passage 10 times in CAM and further passage twice in YS (CAM10-YS2); method 5, passage as in Method 4 and then passage three times in chicken kidney cell culture (CAM10-YS2-CK3). CAM11 and CAM10-YS2 were each inoculated orally into 25 one-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks. Seven chicks in the CAM11-inoculated group and six chicks in the CAM10-YS2-inoculated group died or were killed because they were moribund; all had either nephrosis or urate deposition. CAM3, CAM2-YS1, CAM10-YS2, and CAM10-YS2-CK3 were each inoculated intraperitoneally into 15 one-day-old SPF chicks. No chicks inoculated with CAM3 or CAM2-YS1 died, but wo chicks inoculated with CAM10-YS2 and three inoculated with CAM10-YS2-CK3 died with urate deposition. At 14 postinoculation, plasma urate values of the CAM10-YS2- and CAM10-YS2-CK3-inoculated chicks were significantly higher than those of CAM3- and CAM2-YS1-inoculated chicks and control chicks (P less than 0.01). However, interstitial nephritis was observed in most of the ANV-inoculated birds. 相似文献
5.
J Shirai K Nakamura M Narita K Furuta H Hihara H Kawamura 《The Veterinary record》1989,124(25):658-661
Avian nephritis virus, G-4260 strain, was inoculated orally into one-day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks of two lines. Approximately 20 per cent of the chicks of both lines died with visceral urate deposits from eight to 12 days after infection, and the virus was isolated from the kidneys of the dead chicks. At 14 or 15 days of age the mean liveweight of the surviving infected chicks was approximately 16 per cent less than that of the uninfected control chicks. 相似文献
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7.
Five-week-old specific-pathogen-free chickens inoculated intravenously with a waterfowl-origin type A influenza virus (A/mallard/Ohio/184/86) had swollen and mottled kidneys on days 3, 5, and 7 postinoculation (PI) and multiple raised nodules on days 5, 10, and 20 PI. Histologically, the kidneys had multifocal heterophilic tubulointerstitial nephritis with epithelial necrosis on day 3 PI, lymphoplasmacytic tubulointerstitial nephritis on day 5 PI, and fibrosing interstitial nephritis with cortical lobular collapse, atrophic tubules, glomerular aggregates, and interstitial lymphoid follicles and aggregates on days 7, 10, and 20 PI. Heterophilic intratubular medullary-cone nephritis was present in dead or moribund chickens on days 3 and 5 PI. Furthermore, the presence of mild multifocal heterophilic tubulointerstitial nephritis on day 20 PI suggests that a waterfowl-origin strain of type A influenza virus of low pathogenicity has the potential to produce acute and chronic active nephritis in the chicken and that the kidney is a potential site for influenza viral persistence. The acute, subacute, and chronic histopathologic renal lesions of this influenza virus in chickens are similar to lesions reported for some nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis viruses and avian nephritis picornavirus. 相似文献
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9.
传染性法氏囊病病毒变异株的致病性 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
传染性法氏囊病病毒变异ＧＣ９０２株可引起１０日龄ＳＰＦ鸡胚肝脏坏死和脾脏明显肿大及较高的死亡率。接种２周龄ＳＰＦ雏鸡,同时设标准Ｉ型强毒ＣＪ８０１株和标准变异株强毒１０８４Ａ株接种对照,该毒株接种后第３天才出现法氏囊粘膜浆膜出血、个别黄化、质硬等病变,且于第４天法氏囊明显萎缩变小,至接种后２０天法氏囊仍严重萎缩;接种后第２天引起脾脏显著肿大,于第１２天时大小恢复正常。试验结果表明,该ＧＣ９０２株对ＳＰＦ雏鸡的致病性与标准变异株基本一致,仅有一定的差异,但明显不同于标准Ｉ型强毒株的致病性。 相似文献
10.
Viral and bacterial agents associated with experimental transmission of infectious proventriculitis of broiler chickens. 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G R Huff Q Zheng L A Newberry W E Huff J M Balog N C Rath K S Kim E M Martin S C Goeke J K Skeeles 《Avian diseases》2001,45(4):828-843
Proventriculitis of broilers can be reproduced by oral inoculation of day-old chicks with a proventricular homogenate from affected 3-wk-old broilers. The objective of the following studies was to isolate from this homogenate viral and bacterial isolates that could produce proventriculitis. A monoclonal antibody to infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was used to precipitate virus from the homogenate. A primary chicken digestive tract cell culture system was also used to isolate virus from a 0.2-microm filtrate of the homogenate, and a bacterium was also isolated from the homogenate. In trial 1, day-old birds were orally inoculated with either proventriculus homogenate or monoclonal antibody immunoprecipitated IBDV (MAB-IBDV). At 4, 7, 14, and 21 days postinfection (PI), 12 birds from each treatment group were subjected to necropsy. In trial 2, day-old birds were orally inoculated with either infectious proventriculus homogenate, suspect virus isolated in cell culture and propagated in embryo livers and spleens, or a bacterial isolate. Twelve birds from each treatment were subjected to necropsy at days 7, 14, 21, and 28 PI. In trial 3, treatments were maintained in negative pressure isolation chambers, and an additional treatment included virus plus bacterial isolate. Twenty-four birds from each treatment were subjected to necropsy at day 21 PI. In trial 1, infectious homogenate decreased body weight and relative gizzard weights at 4, 7, 14, and 21 days PI. Proventriculus relative weight was increased at days 7, 14, and 21 PI, and proventriculus lesion scores were increased at days 14 and 21 PI. Bursa/spleen weight ratios were decreased at day 14, and feed conversion was increased at days 4 and 21. The MAB-IBDV treatment decreased proventriculus and gizzard relative weights at day 4 PI, increased proventriculus lesion scores and bursa/spleen weight ratios at day 14, and decreased heterophil/lymphocyte ratios at day 21. In trial 2, all infected birds had significantly higher mean relative proventriculus weights at 21 days PI and had higher 4-wk mean proventriculus scores as compared with both control groups. In trial 3, birds treated with homogenate and birds treated with both suspect virus and the bacterial isolate had significantly higher proventriculus lesion scores; higher relative weights of proventriculus, gizzard, liver, and heart; lower body weights; and lower relative bursa weights compared with the saline control group. These studies suggest that infectious proventriculitis has a complex etiology involving both viral and bacterial infection. 相似文献
11.
Early pathogenesis in chicks of infection with an enterotropic strain of infectious bronchitis virus 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
One-day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks were inoculated intranasally and intraocularly with infectious bronchitis virus (strain G). At days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 postinfection, three birds were euthanatized, and the virus contents of both enteric tissues and some non-enteric tissues were assayed. Immunofluorescence and histopathological studies were also conducted. Six of 30 chicks died of nephritis between days 5-10 postinfection. Gross kidney lesions were the major pathological abnormalities. Inflammation was observed histologically in trachea, kidney, and rectum. High virus titers were found at various times in trachea, kidney, and all enteric tissues except for the jejunum. Relatively high titers of virus were still detectable at day 14 postinfection in the kidney, proventriculus, cecal tonsil, ileum, rectum, and bursa of Fabricius. Immunofluorescence staining showed viral antigens in enterocytes at the tips of villi in the ileum and rectum, and in the bursa. Viral antigens were also demonstrated in the epithelial cells of the trachea and in kidney tubules. 相似文献
12.
Clinical signs of transmissible gastroenteritis were not observed in newborn pigs orally inoculated with the high-passaged vaccinal transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TO-163 strain). Vaccinal viral multiplication in digestive tract of newborn pigs fed colostrum before inoculation and kept at 21 to 22 C was diminished, but was not diminished in those fed colostrum and kept at 10 to 11 C. Other groups of newborn pigs inoculated with the attenuated vaccinal virus and kept at 18 to 22 C or at 31 to 34 C were challenge exposed with virulent intestinal virus on the 1st, 2nd, . . ., or 6th postinoculation (PI) days. In the groups kept at 18 to 22 C, 2 of 7 inoculated pigs challenge exposed with virulent virus on the 3rd PI day, 4 of 7 pigs exposed on the 4th PI day, and all of the pigs exposed on and after the 5th PI day survived the exposure. In the groups kept at 18 to 22 C, the attenuated vaccinal virus was distributed mainly in the respiratory organs and lymphatic tissues. On the contrary, in the groups kept at 31 to 34 C, all of the pigs died in 2 to 5 days after challenge exposure, and the attenuated vaccinal virus was scarcely detected in any of the pigs. 相似文献
13.
Ishikawa M Baba K Shimojima M Okada M Shojima T Miura T Miyazawa T 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,149(3-4):307-315
Based on receptor usage during infection, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) isolates can be divided into two groups; those that require feline CD134 (fCD134) as a primary receptor in addition to CXCR4 to enter the cells, and those that require CXCR4 only. Most primary isolates, including strain TM2, belong to the former group and cannot infect a feline astrocyte cell line (G355-5 cells) due to a lack of fCD134 expression. In a previous study, we found that G355-5 cells transduced with fCD134 (termed G355-5/fOX40 cells) were susceptible to strain TM2 and the inoculated cells became persistently infected. In this study, we examined the phenotype of the virus prepared from the persistently infected cells (termed strain TM2PI). Intriguingly, strain TM2PI replicated well in na?ve G355-5 cells and the inoculated G355-5 cells (termed G355-5/TM2PI cells) became persistently infected. The infection of TM2PI in G355-5 cells was inhibited by CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 and TM2PI infected other fCD134-negative, CXCR4-positive cell lines, FeTJ and 3201 cells. Four amino acid substitutions were found in the Env protein of the strain TM2PI when compared with that of the parental strain TM2. Among the substitutions, the Env amino acid position at 407 of TM2PI was substituted to lysine which has been known to be responsible for the FIV tropism for Crandell feline kidney cells. The strain TM2PI will be useful for studying the receptor switching mechanism and FIV pathogenesis in cats. 相似文献
14.
J M Sharma 《Avian diseases》1987,31(3):570-576
Several oncogenic and non-oncogenic isolates of Marek's disease virus (MDV) were inoculated into embryonated eggs on embryonation day (ED) 16 to 18, and embryos or chicks hatching from inoculated eggs were examined for infectious virus and viral internal antigen (VIA) in lymphoid organs. There was no evidence of extensive replication of MDV in any of the embryonic tissues examined. Levels of VIA peaked 4-5 days after chicks hatched. This indicated that MDV remained inactive during embryonation and did not initiate pathogenic events until chicks hatched. Because HVT replicated rapidly in the embryo but MDV did not, in ovo inoculation of HVT simultaneously with oncogenic MDV or several days after MDV resulted in significant protection (P less than 0.025) of hatched chicks against Marek's disease (MD). Little protection was obtained if HVT was given simultaneously with MDV or after MDV to chicks already hatched. The relative susceptibility of the embryo to extensive replication of the vaccine virus but not the challenge virus apparently accounted for protection against MD in chicks hatching from dually infected eggs. 相似文献
15.
J A Lin H Kodama M Onuma T Mikami 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1991,53(2):269-273
A newly cloned serotype 2 Marek's disease virus (MDV), strain ML-6, was inoculated via the nasal cavity in specific-pathogen-free chicks to examine early virus replication and the expression of Marek's disease (MD)-related antigens. Following inoculation, viral intracellular antigens (VIAs) were detected in lymphoid organs (bursas and spleens) between 5 and 14 days post inoculation (PI), in feather follicles between 14 and 30 days PI, and in lungs at 3 days PI by the immunohistopathological staining of avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. But, very few VIAs were expressed in the thymuses between 5 and 14 days PI. However, MD tumor-associated surface antigens were not detected in any organs. Viruses were isolated from separated spleen cells at 14 and 30 days PI. Fluorescent antibodies of convalescent sera were also detected after 10 days PI. As most of the VIAs were detectable in B-cells in bursas and spleens. B-cells were considered to be the main first target cells for the serotype 2 MDV infection. 相似文献
16.
Avian nephritis virus (ANV) is thought to infect poultry flocks worldwide, but no confirmed case has been reported in Australia. The first such case is described in this study. Cases of young chickens with clinical signs of dehydration and diarrhea were submitted to our laboratory and histopathology detected interstitial nephritis. Vaccine strains of infectious bronchitis virus were detected in some of these cases but were not considered to be the causative agent. A total of seven fresh submissions from broiler chicken flocks were collected at 8-11 days of age. Degenerate PCR primers were designed based on published ANV polymerase gene sequences and used to analyze historic cases as well as the fresh submissions. Six of the seven fresh submissions, and one historic case, were positive for ANV with nucleotide sequencing confirming these results. These results establish ANV as an infectious pathogen circulating in Australian poultry. 相似文献
17.
Four- and 5-day-old specific-pathogen-free turkey poults were inoculated orally or by contact exposure to a small round turkey-origin enteric virus. At days 4 and 8 postinoculation (PI), the orally inoculated poults had significantly lower body weight gains than control poults. Poults at day 4 (orally inoculated) and 5 (contact-exposed) PI had watery droppings, dilated thin-walled ceca filled with yellow foamy fluid, catarrhal small intestinal secretions, pale intestinal serosa, and mild lymphocytic enteritis. In addition, at day 4 PI, poults were lymphopenic, had intracytoplasmic crystalline arrays of 17.1 +/- 1.1 nm viral particles in the jejunal villar enterocytes, and had an 18-to-24-nm virus in intestinal contents. Analysis of morphometric data revealed mild shortening of villi in the duodenum and elongation of crypts in the duodenum and ileum during the late stage of the syndrome (day 8 PI). These findings suggest that the 18-to-24-nm virus can produce an enteric disease syndrome and that the acute clinical manifestation of this syndrome is not the result of morphologic change such as intestinal villus atrophy. The definitive identity of this 18-to-24-nm virus is not known; however, based on size and intracytoplasmic arrays of virus, it is most probably an enterovirus. 相似文献
18.
Two virus isolates were obtained from exotic finches (Ortygospiza atricollis and Poephila cincta) suffering from apathy, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, and dysphagia. The isolates were identified as paramyxoviruses based on their multiplication characteristics in embryonating chicken eggs, chicken embryo fibroblasts, and chicken embryo kidney cell cultures, on morphology upon electron microscopy, and on other biological properties. Both isolates were serologically related to the reference strain of the paramyxovirus serotype 3. Intravenous infection of 42-day-old chicks resulted in no clinical signs, but intracerebral infection of 1-day-old chicks resulted in mortality and intracerebral pathogenicity indices of 0.25 to 0.35. Of five finches from various species inoculated with isolate 840/85, three remained clinically healthy through 6 weeks, but two died: one (Poephila cincta) 5 days postinoculation after showing nervous distress, and the other (Amandava amandava) suddenly 42 days postinoculation. 相似文献
19.
Rhode Island Red laying hens that lacked hemagglutination-inhibition antibody were inoculated orally with the JPA-1 strain of adenovirus isolated from a flock affected with egg-drop syndrome-1976 in Japan and observed for 80 days. Inoculated hens laid abnormal eggs, such as shell-less, soft-shelled, and cracked eggs and those with loss of pigmentation, from 8 days postinoculation (PI). Fifteen out of 16 hens laid abnormal eggs. Egg-production rte fell from 94% to 50% between 13 and 16 days PI. When the abnormal eggs were excluded, egg production was 17%; then it recoverd slowly, reaching 67% by the end of the experiment. The virus was recovered from various organs of inoculated hens from 3 to 7 days PI. Fluorescent antigens of the virus were observed in the epithelial cells and desquamated cells from the epithelium of the uterus and isthmus 10 and 14 days PI. 相似文献
20.
The pathogenic properties of a skin isolate of porcine parvovirus (PPV), designated Kresse isolate, were compared with NADL-8 isolate, a prototype isolate of PPV, by in utero inoculation of mid-term and late-term gestation swine fetuses. Fetuses from pregnant sows of mid-gestation were inoculated with either NADL-8 or Kresse virus. Both isolates were highly pathogenic to mid-gestation fetuses. In contrast, dramatic differences in pathogenicity between these 2 isolates were observed in fetuses inoculated late in gestation. Such fetuses from each of 4 sows were inoculated with NADL-8 or Kresse virus isolate and sacrificed at 10, 18, 21, or 23 days postinoculation (PI). NADL-8-inoculated fetuses were grossly normal. The pathogenic effects of Kresse isolate were evident by gross pathology in fetuses collected at 18, 21, and 23 days PI, but not at 10 days PI. Hemagglutination (HA) and fluorescent antibody (FA) methods were used to identify virus in various tissues of late-gestation fetuses collected at 10 and 21 days PI. At 10 days PI, HA antigens were detected only in livers of NADL-8-inoculated fetuses, but in all tissues examined of Kresse-inoculated fetuses, including the brain. PPV specific fluorescence was demonstrated in tissues of fetuses inoculated with NADL-8 and Kresse virus. The major difference was that virus antigen was found in the brains of fetuses inoculated with Kresse virus, but not in NADL-8 infected fetuses. At 21 days PI, HA antigen was not detected in any of the tissues of fetuses inoculated with NADL-8 virus, with PPV specific fluorescence by FA being found only in the kidney. However, fetuses inoculated with Kresse virus displayed HA antigen in liver and PPV-specific fluorescence in all tissues tested including the brain. Both isolates induced similar antibody responses, 1:128 to 1:256 at 10 days and 1:512 to 1:1024 at 21 days PI. In addition, immunoglobulin G (IgG) deposits were demonstrated in kidneys and skin of fetuses inoculated with Kresse virus and IgM in brain, but not in tissues from fetuses inoculated with NADL-8 virus. 相似文献