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种衣剂包衣对紫苏生长发育和抗病虫害的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为提高紫苏产量和抗病虫害提供科学方法,通过自制35%吡·多·福悬浮种衣剂包衣紫苏种子,研究种子萌发特性、幼苗生长和生理特性,调查生育期、主要农艺性状和田间病虫害情况,分析种衣剂对紫苏生长发育和抗病虫害的影响。结果表明,高剂量的种子包衣产生药害显著降低紫苏种子发芽率和发芽指数;适宜剂量的种子包衣对提高种子发芽率、促进幼苗生长发育、提高抗氧化酶活性和叶绿素含量效果显著。田间试验表明,种衣剂包衣可使紫苏生育期提前,单株生物产量提高,显著增强植株对田间病虫害的抗性,但对苏籽产量、苏籽出油率和叶挥发油产量影响不明显。35%吡·多·福悬浮种衣剂按包衣比[包衣剂质量(g)∶种子质量(g)]1∶100包衣紫苏种子,可显著提高紫苏生物产量和抗病虫性。 相似文献
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用两种油菜种衣剂(薄膜型种衣剂\丸化型种衣剂)包衣处理杂交和常规油菜种子,通过对其贮存期间种子活力指标的检测实验,研究了油菜包衣种子的贮存性能。结果表明,两种种衣剂包衣处理的种子,其发芽势、发芽率和成苗率在整个贮存期间变化较小,而未包衣的种子各项指标随着贮存时间的延长下降较快。贮存四个月,包衣后的杂交种子的发芽势、发芽率和成苗率分别比对照提高78.2％～140.1％、81.5％～87.6％和91.5％～123.5％;包衣后的常规种子的发芽势、发芽率和成苗率分别比对照提高5.2％～8.9％、10.8％～19.6％和6.3％～28.4％,表明种衣剂包衣处理能显著提高油菜种子的耐贮存性,且对杂交品种的作用效果优于常规品种,薄膜型种衣剂的作用效果优于丸化型种衣剂。 相似文献
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《中国农学通报》2010,(11)
探讨油菜包衣种子的贮存性能,为油菜种衣剂的研制、油菜种子的贮存提供理论依据。用薄膜型种衣剂和丸化型种衣剂包衣处理杂交和常规油菜种子,检测贮存期间包衣种子的发芽势、发芽率、成苗率等活力指标。2种种衣剂包衣处理的种子,其发芽势、发芽率和成苗率在整个贮存期间变化较小,而未包衣的种子各项指标随着贮存时间的延长下降较快。贮存4个月,包衣后的杂交种子的发芽势、发芽率和成苗率分别比对照提高78.2%～140.1%、81.5%～87.6%和91.5%～123.5%;包衣后的常规种子的发芽势、发芽率和成苗率分别比对照提高5.2%～8.9%、10.8%～19.6%和6.3%～28.4%。种衣剂包衣处理能显著提高油菜种子的耐贮存性,且对杂交品种的作用效果优于常规品种,薄膜型种衣剂的作用效果优于丸化型种衣剂。 相似文献
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水稻种子包衣应用效果初探 总被引：15，自引：4，他引：11
水稻应用两种种衣剂,结合四种播种预措田间应用试验结果表明：ZSB－RC、多－福包衣能提高秧苗素质;但都不会提高出苗率和成秧率,也不影响大因抗病性及产量;种衣剂处理后,以干种子直播和浸种催芽至标准状态的秧苗素质最好;因此认为水稻种子包衣宜采用干种子直播或浸种催芽至标准状态,种衣剂的筛选宜以提高包衣种子安全贮藏及播种品质为目标。 相似文献
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五种豆科林草种子带菌检测及药剂消毒处理效果 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
本文采用平皿测定方法分别检测了来自宁夏，陕西和内蒙的紫花苜蓿，拧条，沙打旺，花棒和踏郎种子的带菌情况和杀菌剂消毒处理效果。结果表明，种子外部携带的真菌类群主要为根霉属（Rhizopus)，芽枝霉属（Cladosporium)，交链孢霉属（Alternaria),青霉菌属（Penicillium spp.)和镰孢霉属（Fusarium spp.)。内部寄藏的真菌类群主要为根霉属，镰孢霉属和交链孢属。其中紫花苜蓿和沙打旺种子内部带菌率较低，分别为5％和0％，花棒和踏郎种子内部带菌率较高，分别达20％和30％。10％福美双种衣剂和13％福土种衣剂对供试种子内外寄藏真菌有显著抑菌效果。 相似文献
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三唑酮种衣剂对小麦生长的影响及防病增产效应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了探讨含有杀菌剂三唑酮的种衣剂的田间使用效果,为其合理使用提供依据。以含有三唑酮的药肥复合型种衣剂为供试药剂,研究了三唑酮种衣剂小麦种子包衣后对出苗生长的影响和对甘肃省冬、春麦区主要病害防病增产效果。室内盆栽试验结果表明,种衣剂中三唑酮组分的存在,影响了小麦的正常出苗和生长,但在种衣剂其他组分如微肥、生长调节剂、多菌灵的协同作用下,麦苗生长状况得到了改善,可以弥补三唑酮的负面影响,而且叶绿素总含量、根系活力也有了明显提高。田间试验结果表明,三唑酮种衣剂能够保证田间基本苗数,对冬麦区小麦条锈病和白粉病的控制效果明显,分别达到76.2%和77.0%,显著降低了病情指数,起到压低菌源量的作用,增产8.95%;对春麦区土传性小麦全蚀病的防治效果可达到83.6%,增产13.09%。还对小麦种衣剂的应用前景进行了探讨。 相似文献
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Chen Li Liu Liantao Ma Tongtong Jiang Dan Sun Hongchun Zhang Yongjiang Zhang Ke Bai Zhiying Li Cundong 《棉花学报》2019,31(5):438-447
[Objective] Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seed germination, in which melatonin plays an important regulatory role, is seriously affected by soil salinization. Cotton seed germination, antioxidant enzyme activity levels and other physiological indicators were analyzed to clarify the regulatory effects of exogenous melatonin on cotton seed germination under salt-stress conditions. [Method] The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of Hebei Agricultural University in Baoding City, Hebei Province from 2018 to 2019 using Guoxin Cotton 9 as the material. The germination rate, germination potential, seed biomass after germination, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities, as well as the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, of cotton seeds were measured after exposure to different melatonin concentrations (0, 10, 20, 50 and 100 μmol·L－1) and 150 mmol·L－1 NaCl treatments. [Result] After germination, the germination rate, germination potential, radical length and seed biomass significantly decreased, as did the SOD, POD and CAT activities. However, the MDA content significantly increased under salt-stress conditions. Low exogenous melatonin concentrations (10 and 20 μmol·L－1) increased the germination potential, germination rate and biomass of cotton seeds, and promoted the elongation of radicals; however high melatonin concentrations (50 and 100 μmol·L－1) inhibited cotton seed germination and decreased seed biomass after germination. Low melatonin concentrations (10 and 20 μmol·L－1) increased the SOD, POD and CAT activities and decreased the MDA content in cotton seeds. [Conclusion] Low melatonin concentrations could promote germination and improve the salt tolerance of cotton seeds, while high melatonin concentrations could inhibit their germination. A 20 μmol·L－1 melatonin concentration is appropriate for regulating cotton seed germination under salt-stress conditions. 相似文献
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以菘蓝为试验材料,在10%聚乙二醇（PEG-6000）干旱胁迫处理下,研究了外源亚精胺（Spd）和甜菜碱（GB）对菘蓝种子萌发和幼苗渗透调节物质、活性氧生成及膜质过氧化的影响。结果表明,外源Spd（≤75mg/L）和GB（≤30mmol/L）处理可显著促进干旱胁迫下菘蓝种子的萌发;25~100mg/L的Spd和10~40mmol/L的GB处理均可提高幼苗叶绿素含量,降低脯氨酸含量、丙二醛积累和细胞膜透性,可有效缓解干旱胁迫伤害,且幼苗中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性均呈先上升后下降的趋势,并在Spd 75mg/L和GB 30mmol/L时达到最大值。由此可见,75mg/L的Spd或30mmol/L的GB能有效缓解干旱胁迫对菘蓝种子萌发及幼苗生长产生的伤害,提高种子及幼苗的抗旱能力。 相似文献
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重茬对甜菜品质的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为明确甜菜重茬的危害,利用多粒、单粒两种类型供试材料,在田间同时进行重茬和生茬比较试验。研究重茬对甜菜产量、品质质量的影响。结果表明：（1）供试的几个多粒种平均减产22429 kg/hm2,单粒种平均减产18354 kg/hm2。（2）多粒种平均含糖下降2.58度,单粒种下降1.36度。（3）K、Na、α-N,多粒种平均分别增加了0.37 mmol/100g、3.31 mmol/100g、1.04 mmol/100g,单粒种分别为0.15 mmol/100g、2.21 mmol/100g、0.39 mmol/100g。（4）重茬地甜菜有害物质含量增加导致甜菜的品质下降,糖份损失率增加,多粒种平均增加0.69,单粒种平均增加0.47;可提取糖率减少,多粒种平均下降3.27,单粒种平均下降2.17;产糖量减少,多粒种减少4996 kg/hm2,单粒种减少3814 kg/hm2。（5）重茬地褐斑病发病早,比生茬地高1~2级。 相似文献
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V. A. Tenebe U. R. Pal C. A. C. Okonkwo B. M. Auwalu 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1996,177(3):207-215
Field experiments were conducted during the wet seasons of 1991,1992 and 1993 at the Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Farm, Bauchi (10 ° 22'N, 09 ° 47'E) to study the response of sunflower ( Helianthus annaus L.) to N rates and plant population under rainfed conditions. Four N rates (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha -1 ) and four plant populations (40000,80000,120000 and 160000 plants ha-1 ) were factorially combined in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Leaf area index, shoot dry weight and seed yield (kg ha-1 ) increased significantly with increasing N rates from 0 to 100 kg N ha-1 . The growth and yield parameters per plant decreased significantly with increasing plant populations from 40000 to 160000 plants ha-1 , but the seed yield (kg ha-1 ) obtained at 80000 plants ha-1 was significantly higher than all the other plant populations. The interactions of N x plant population confounded the main effect of each factor on the growth and yield of sunflower. The seed yield (3425 kg ha-1 ) obtained from the use of 100 kg N ha-1 at 80000 plants ha-1 was significantly higher than those obtained from all other combinations of N x population and out-yielded the main effects of 100 kg N ha-1 and 80000 plants ha-1 by 18 % and 25 %, respectively. The use of 100 kg N ha-1 at 80000 plants ha-1 is therefore recommended for maximum yield of sunflower in Bauchi. 相似文献
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钾肥对糯玉米籽粒建成及品质形成的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以鲜食型糯玉米香白糯为材料,采用小区试验研究了钾肥对秋播鲜食糯籽粒建成及品质形成的影响。结果表明：⑴施用钾肥可使鲜食糯玉米籽粒的鲜重、干重、体积分别提高0.158g/(100粒·d)、0.136g /(100粒·d)、0.130cm3/(100粒·d)速度生长,而籽粒含水率以高于对照0.22个百分点速度脱水。⑵钾肥可明显提高鲜食糯玉米籽粒的赖氨酸、粗蛋白、游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白、脂肪及淀粉含量。⑶钾肥区籽粒的赖氨酸、粗蛋白含量均在授粉14d出现峰值后缓慢下降;籽粒的游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白含量在授粉后14d出现峰值后迅速下降,至授粉后22d,下降速度放慢;籽粒的脂肪、淀粉含量在授粉10d后即呈上升趋势,至授粉后22d,上升趋势放慢。⑷秋播鲜食糯玉米适宜采收期以授粉后22~26d为宜。 相似文献
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Naoya Yamaguchi Fumio Taguchi-Shiobara Yumi Sato Mineo Senda Masao Ishimoto Fumiko Kousaka 《Breeding Science》2021,71(3):396
In soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], the genetic analysis of seed yield is important to aid in the breeding of high-yielding cultivars. Seed yield is a complex trait, and the number of quantitative trait loci (QTL) involved in seed yield is high. The aims of this study were to identify QTL associated with seed yield and validate their effects on seed yield using near-isogenic lines. The QTL analysis was conducted using a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between Japanese cultivars ‘Toyoharuka’ and ‘Toyomusume’, and eight seed yield-associated QTL were identified. There were significant positive correlations between seed yield and the number of favorable alleles at QTL associated with seed yield in the recombinant inbred lines for three years. The effects of qSY8-1, a QTL promoting greater seed yield, was validated in the Toyoharuka background. In a two-year yield trial, the 100-seed weight and seed yield of Toyoharuka-NIL, the near-isogenic line having the Toyomusume allele at qSY8-1, were significantly greater than those of Toyoharuka (106% and 107%, respectively) without any change for days to flowering and maturity. Our results suggest that qSY8-1 was not associated with maturity genes, and contributed to the 100-seed weight. 相似文献