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1.
《动物营养学报》2016,(5)
本试验研究了在不同磷酸二氢钙含量饲料中添加中性植酸酶对异育银鲫生长及营养物质表观消化率、沉积率和血浆生化指标的影响。配制磷酸二氢钙含量为1.5%的正对照饲料和磷酸二氢钙含量分别为1.0%、0.5%的负对照饲料,在含1.0%磷酸二氢钙饲料中分别添加400、800 IU/kg中性植酸酶,在含0.5%磷酸二氢钙饲料中添加400 IU/kg中性植酸酶,共配制成6种试验饲料,饲喂初始体重为(39.0±3.0)g的异育银鲫10周。每种饲料设3个重复,每个重复放养15尾鱼。结果显示:在不添加中性植酸酶的情况下,随磷酸二氢钙添加量增加,鱼体增重率,干物质、磷表观消化率,蛋白质、灰分沉积率,全鱼磷含量均显著增加(P0.05),血浆碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著降低(P0.05);在含1.0%磷酸二氢钙饲料中添加800 IU/kg中性植酸酶显著提高了增重率(P0.05),同时显著提高了蛋白质、灰分和磷沉积率,干物质和磷表观消化率,全鱼磷含量,椎骨钙含量及血浆甘油三酯(TG)含量(P0.05),显著降低了血浆ALP活性(P0.05);在含0.5%、1.0%磷酸二氢钙饲料中添加400 IU/kg中性植酸酶均显著提高了磷表观消化率和磷沉积率(P0.05);在不同磷酸二氢钙含量饲料中添加中性植酸酶对血浆总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、钙、磷含量无显著影响(P0.05)。以上结果表明,在磷酸二氢钙含量为1.0%的饲料中添加800 IU/kg中性植酸酶可促进异育银鲫的生长,提高干物质和磷的表观消化率,800 IU/kg中性植酸酶在底物充足条件下可代替0.5%磷酸二氢钙的添加。 相似文献
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《动物营养学报》2016,(6)
本试验旨在研究中性植酸酶部分替代磷酸二氢钙对异育银鲫生长性能、体成分、血清生化指标及磷利用率的影响。试验分为7组,分别为D1组(正对照组,饲料中添加1.5%磷酸二氢钙)、D2组(负对照1组,饲料中添加1.0%磷酸二氢钙)、D3组(饲料中添加1.0%磷酸二氢钙+400 U/kg中性植酸酶)、D4组(饲料中添加1.0%磷酸二氢钙+800 U/kg中性植酸酶)、D5组(负对照2组,饲料中添加0.5%磷酸二氢钙)、D6组(饲料中添加0.5%磷酸二氢钙+400 U/kg中性植酸酶)和D7组(饲料中添加0.5%磷酸二氢钙+800 U/kg中性植酸酶),每组3个重复,每个重复25尾鱼[初始均重(23.39±0.10)g],开展为期8周的生长试验。结果表明:异育银鲫摄食试验饲料8周后,D5组的生长性能最差,其增重率、特定生长率、摄食量均显著低于其余各组(P0.05),饲料系数则显著高于其余各组(P0.05)。D2和D6组的增重率和特定生长率显著低于D1组(P0.05),而饲料系数则显著高于D1组(P0.05)。D3、D4和D7组的各项生长性能指标与D1组均没有显著差异(P0.05)。异育银鲫的全鱼水分、粗蛋白质、粗灰分和磷含量以及血清胆固醇含量和碱性磷酸酶活性在各组间均无显著差异(P0.05)。除D5组外,其余各组间血清中磷和甘油三酯含量无显著差异(P0.05)。在相同的磷酸二氢钙添加量下,添加中性植酸酶组磷沉积率和磷表观消化率显著高于未添加中性植酸酶组(P0.05),而磷排放量则相反。由此可知,饲料中添加400和800 U/kg中性植酸酶可以分别减少0.5%和1.0%的磷酸二氢钙添加量而不影响异育银鲫的生长性能、体成分和血清生化指标等。在异育银鲫饲料中,中性植酸酶部分替代磷酸二氢钙可以提高饲料磷利用率、降低磷排放量,从而带来经济效益和生态效益。 相似文献
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用添加或不添加1000(IU/kg饲料)酸性植酸酶、4种磷酸二氢钙用量(0、5、10和15g/kg饲料)设计配方,制成8种试验饲料,开展为期8周的青鱼饲养试验.结果表明,青鱼摄食无植酸酶、加15 g/kg磷酸二氢钙的饲料(饲料4)和有植酸酶且磷酸二氢钙用量为10～15 g/kg的两种饲料(饲料7、8)后,鱼体增重和鳞片磷含量显著高于其它组,而饲料系数则较低,鱼体水分升高,脂肪降低.饲料中磷酸二氢钙用量为0～10g/kg时,添加植酸酶能使饲料磷在鱼体内的积累率显著高于其它试验组(P<0.05).试验鱼摄食无植酸酶和磷酸二氢钙的试验饲料(饲料1)后,其肌肉和鳞片的灰分含量、鳞片磷含量显著低于其它各组(P<0.05).青鱼摄食无植酸酶但磷酸二氢钙用量为0或5g/kg的试验饲料(饲料1和饲料2)和摄食有植酸酶但不加磷酸二氢钙种试验饲料(饲料5)后,全鱼磷含量显著低于摄食有植酸酶且饲料中磷酸二氢钙用量为5～15 g/kg的3个试验组(P<0.05). 相似文献
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试验旨在研究植酸酶替代磷酸二氢钙对斑点叉尾鮰饲料消化率和磷代谢的影响,确定植酸酶在斑点叉尾鮰饲料中对磷酸二氢钙的适宜替代比例。试验以斑点叉尾鮰[(14.48±0.04)g]为研究对象,共设计7个组,除基础对照组(17 kg/t磷酸二氢钙)外,分别用200 g/t和400 g/t的植酸酶替代基础组中30%(S1、S2组)、45%(S3、S4组)和60%(S5、S6组)的磷酸二氢钙。先进行30 d的循环水养殖试验,重新换水后再继续72 h的静水饲养试验。试验结果显示,用植酸酶替代30%的磷酸二氢钙或者用400 g/t的植酸酶替代45%的磷酸二氢钙,可以显著提高饲料干物质表观消化率。当替代量达到60%时,对干物质消化率无显著影响。S1、S2、S3、S4组的总磷消化率相比对照组提高了7.95%~16.71%。表观磷摄入量除S5、S6组外,其它替代组与对照组相比均无显著性差异,同一替代水平的两个组间差异不显著。粪磷排出量有随磷酸二氢钙替代量增加而降低的趋势,各替代组的粪磷排出量和水中总磷含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结果表明,本试验条件下,从饲料消化率、磷代谢和成本方面分析,可以确定在斑点叉尾鮰饲料中添加植酸酶对磷酸二氢钙的最适替代比例为200 g/t的植酸酶替代45%的磷酸二氢钙。 相似文献
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低磷饲粮添加植酸酶对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率和骨骼发育的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《动物营养学报》2015,(10)
本试验旨在探究低磷(P)饲粮中不同添加量的植酸酶对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率和骨骼发育的影响。试验选用35头21日龄断奶、初始均重为(7.62±0.44)kg的健康"杜×长×大"三元杂交仔猪,随机分为5组,每组7个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在低磷饲粮[前期:钙(Ca)5.1 g/kg,有效磷(AP)2.0 g/kg;后期:钙4.6 g/kg,有效磷1.6 g/kg]中分别添加0、250、500、1 000 FTU/kg植酸酶,试验期21 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,添加1 000 FTU/kg植酸酶显著提高了断奶仔猪第15~21天和第1~21天平均日采食量(ADFI)和平均日增重(ADG)(P0.05),但对料重比(F/G)无显著影响(P0.05)。2)与对照组及低磷饲粮组相比,添加植酸酶显著提高了干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、钙、磷和总能(GE)的表观消化率(P0.05),且1 000 FTU/kg各项指标优于其他试验组。3)与对照组相比,添加1 000 FTU/kg植酸酶显著提高了第3掌骨的骨骼长度(P0.05)。由此可知,玉米-豆粕饲粮中添加植酸酶能够显著改善断奶仔猪的生长性能,提高养分表观消化率,促进仔猪骨骼的发育,节约饲料经济成本;在本试验条件下,21日龄断奶仔猪饲喂有效磷1.6~2.0 g/kg的玉米-豆粕型饲粮时,植酸酶适宜添加量为1 000 FTU/kg。 相似文献
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7.
玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加高剂量植酸酶对 肉鸡生长性能和血清生化指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本试验研究了玉米—豆粕型日粮中添加高剂量不同水平的植酸酶对0~3和3~6周肉鸡生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。选用1日龄AA肉公雏576只,随机分为6组,每组8个重复,每个重复12只。试验日粮分0~3和3~6周两个阶段,6个处理组分别为:正对照组(前期总磷0.69%,0.45% NPP;后期总磷0.59%,0.35% NPP);负对照组(前期总磷0.60%,0.35% NPP;后期总磷0.49%,0.25% NPP);4个试验组在负对照日粮中分别添加500、2000、8000和32000 FTU/kg 4种水平的植酸酶。结果显示,①日粮添加植酸酶水平显著影响前期(1~21日龄)平均日增重(P＜0.05),对采食量和饲料转化效率(F∶G)影响差异不显著(P＞0.05)。②日粮添加植酸酶水平对后期(22~42日龄)平均日增重和饲料转化效率(F∶G)影响差异显著(P＜0.05),添加植酸酶水平对采食量影响差异不显著(P＞0.05)。③在低磷日粮中添加高水平植酸酶8000 FTU/kg时,饲料转化效率最高。④随着植酸酶水平增加,21日龄肉鸡血清钙水平有降低趋势,血清磷水平显著增加(P＜0.05),血清碱性磷酸酶活性显著降低(P＜0.05),对总蛋白影响差异不显著(P＞0.05)。植酸酶添加水平影响42日龄肉鸡血清钙水平、总蛋白水平和血清碱性磷酸酶活性,对血清磷水平影响显著(P＜0.05)。因此,在低磷日粮中添加高剂量不同水平的植酸酶肉鸡的生长性显著增加,碱性磷酸酶的活性显著降低,添加8000 FTU/kg效果优于500、2000和32000 FTU/kg。 相似文献
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植酸酶添加到仔猪饲粮中可提高仔猪生长性能及磷消化利用率,同时减少猪粪尿中磷的排出,减轻对环境的污染。试验选用60日龄杜长大仔猪,研究不同水平的植酸酶替代磷酸氢钙对仔猪生长性能及磷消化利用率的影响。结果表明:仔猪饲粮中添加750FTU/kg和1000 FTU/kg植酸酶替代80%磷酸氢钙日增重分别比对照组提高了4.72%和5.24%,差异显著(P<0.05),饲料利用率分别比对照组提高了3.33%和3.67%(P<0.05)。仔猪饲粮中添加植酸酶可提高磷的表观消化率和利用率,同时磷的排泄量减少。试验结果证实了在仔猪日粮中添加植酸酶,可大部分替代磷酸氢钙,减少无机磷的添加量,从而减少猪粪尿中磷的排出,减轻对环境的污染。从增重效果及饲料成本来看,植酸酶添加量为750 FTU/kg(与对照组相比)较为适宜,可显著减少粪尿中磷的排泄量23.75%(P<0.01)。 相似文献
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选择体重(35.92±4.84)kg的长白X大约克二元杂种阉公猪56头,随机分为4个处理,分别饲喂常磷不加植酸酶饲粮、低磷不加植酸酶饲粮、常磷加植酸酶饲粮和低磷加植酸酶饲粮,每个处理14个重复,每个重复1头猪,研究饲粮添加植酸酶(750 IU/kg饲料)和不添加磷酸氢钙对生长猪的生长性能和养分代谢的影响.结果表明:低磷不加植酸酶组与常磷不加植酸酶组相比,采食量降低1.23%(P>0.05),料重比增加13.82%(P<0.01),日增重降低18.52%(P<0.01),单位增重饲料成本增加13.50%(P<0.01),磷表观消化率降低13.83%(P<0.01),钙表观消化率降低4.21%(P>0.05).粗蛋白质表观消化率降低2.55%(P>0.05);常磷加植酸酶组与常磷不加植酸酶组相比,采食量增加2.06%(P>0.05),料重比降低4.73%(P<0.01),日增重增加7.33%(P<0.01),单位增重饲料成本降低4.70%(P<0.01),磷表观消化率提高12.45%(P<0.05),钙表观消化率提高5.63%(P<0.05),粗蛋白质表观消化率提高4.00%(P>0.05);低磷加植酸酶组与低磷不加植酸酶组相比,采食量增加5.00%(P>0.05),料重比降低12.14%(P<0.01),日增重增加27.67%(P<0.01),单位增重饲料成本降低12.07%(P<0.01),磷表观消化率提高39.59%(P<0.01),钙表观消化率提高7.94%(P<0.01),粗蛋白质表观消化率无显著变化(P>0.05);低磷加植酸酶组与常磷不加植酸酶组相比采食量、日增重、料重比和单位增重饲料成本均差异不显著,磷表观消化率提高20.28%(P<0.01),钙表观消化率提高3.39%(P<0.05),粗蛋白质表观消化率无显著变化(P>0.05).结论:1)添加植酸酶(常磷加植酸酶组与常磷不加植酸酶组比,低磷加植酸酶组与低磷不加植酸酶组比)能够提高生长猪生长性能和钙、磷的表观消化率,降低生产成本,对粗蛋白质表观消化率无显著影响;2)不添加磷酸氢钙(低磷加植酸酶组与常磷加植酸酶组比,低磷不加植酸酶组与常磷不加植酸酶组比)会降低生长猪生长性能,但对钙和粗蛋白质的表观消化率无显著影响;3)低磷加植酸酶组与常磷加植酸酶组相比,猪的生长性能和钙、粗蛋白质的表观消化率无显著差异,但磷的消化率大大提高了,有利于环境保护;4)低磷加植酸酶饲粮有利于猪的生长、降低生产成本和环境保护,为最佳饲粮. 相似文献
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（上接第１９期第３６页）５．何时可以全部替代无机磷？只有在很特殊的饲料配方中才有可能。即饲料背景的磷水平很高，在不添加无机磷时总磷含量已经达到０．４５％－０．５０％。如大量使用肉骨粉的口粮，植酸酶就有可能替代出全部的无机磷。６．肉鸡配合饲料中植酸酶的添加量是多少？每千克饲料添加５００FTU植酸酶，即每吨饲料添加含量为５０００FTU／g的植酸酶产品１００g。适用于所有品种、日龄的肉鸡。如果使用低含量（２５０FTU／g）的产品，每吨饲料的添加量为２kg。７．为什么肉鸡饲料中植酸酶的添加量比蛋鸡高而替代磷的量比… 相似文献
11.
Nutrient digestibility and performance responses of growing pigs fed phytase- and xylanase-supplemented wheat-based diets 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementing phytase and xylanase on nutrient digestibility and performance of growing pigs fed wheat-based diets. In Exp. 1, 10 diets were fed to 60 pigs from 20 to 60 kg of BW to determine the effect of combining phytase and xylanase on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and growth performance. The 10 diets included a positive control diet (PC; 0.23% available P; 0.60% Ca) and a negative control diet (NC; 0.16% available P; 0.50% Ca) supplemented with phytase at 0, 250, and 500 fytase units (FTU)/kg and xylanase at 0, 2,000, and 4,000 xylanase units (XU)/kg in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement. In Exp. 2, 6 ileally cannulated barrows (initial BW = 35.1 kg) were fed 4 wheat-based diets in a 4 x 4 Latin square design, with 2 added columns to determine the effect of combining phytase and xylanase on apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients. The 4 diets were NC (same as that used in Exp. 1) or NC supplemented with phytase at 500 FTU/kg, xylanase at 4,000 XU/kg, or phytase at 500 FTU/kg plus xylanase at 4,000 XU/kg. In Exp. 3, 36 barrows (initial BW = 55.5 kg) were fed 4 diets based on prepelleted (at 80 degrees C) and crumpled wheat for 2 wk to determine the effect of phytase supplementation on ATTD of nutrients. The 4 diets fed were a PC (0.22% available P; 0.54% Ca) and a NC (0.13% available P; 0.43% Ca) alone or with phytase at 500 or 1,000 FTU/kg. All diets in the 3 experiments contained Cr(2)O(3) as an indigestible marker. No synergistic interactions were detected between phytase and xylanase on any of the response criteria measured in Exp. 1 or 2. There were no dietary effects on growth performance in Exp. 1. In Exp. 1, phytase at 250 FTU/kg increased the ATTD of P and Ca by 51 and 11% at 20 kg of BW or by 54 and 10% at 60 kg of BW, respectively, but increasing the level of phytase to 500 FTU/kg only increased (P < 0.05) ATTD of P at 20 kg of BW. In Exp. 2, phytase at 500 FTU/kg increased (P < 0.05) the AID of P and Ca by 21 and 12%, respectively. In Exp. 3, phytase at 500 FTU/kg improved (P < 0.05) ATTD of P by 36%, but had no further effect at 1,000 FTU/kg. Xylanase at 4,000 XU/kg improved (P < 0.05) AID of Lys, Leu, Phe, Thr, Gly, and Ser in Exp. 2. In conclusion, phytase and xylanase improved P and AA digestibilities, respectively, but no interaction between the 2 enzymes was noted. 相似文献
12.
1. A precision feeding experiment was conducted with turkeys, which had previously been fed diets with or without phytase, to study the effects on the excretions of endogenous energy (EEL), nitrogen (ENL), amino acids (EAAL) and minerals. 2. Female turkeys (BUT 6) which had been fed one of 4 experimental diets (low P maize-soya diets (control, C), C + 250 international units of phytase/kg diet (FTU), C + 500 FTU and C + 2500 FTU) were used in this study. All birds were fasted and then given 50 mL of glucose solution at 46 d of age. Birds were allocated to individual metabolism cages in a randomised block design with 8 replicates for each of the 4 previously-fed diets. 3. The response of EEL and ENL to phytase pre-exposure was linear. An increase of 100 FTU reduced the EEL and ENL by approximately 1·6 kJ and 20 mg respectively. The results suggest that a minimum activity of phytase of 500 FTU is needed to initiate the reduction of these losses. 4. Pre-exposure to phytase reduced the EAAL, which was best described as a linear response with increasing phytase dose in the pre-study period. An increase of 100 FTU reduced the losses of total endogenous amino acids by approximately 225 mg. 5. In contrast to the results for endogenous energy losses, turkeys pre-exposed to phytase linearly increased their excretions of Ca and Mg with increasing phytase activity in the pre-study period. 6. The effects of feeding turkeys with supplementary phytase continued for at least 4 d after the diets were withdrawn. This suggests that exposure to phytase alters the functionality and secretions of the gastrointestinal tract, which may influence the nutritive value of diets fed immediately after. 相似文献
13.
《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2014,23(4):705-714
Phytase supplementation beyond the standard doses used for phosphorus release has been reported to result in extraphosphoric effects by enhancing nutrient digestibility resulting in improved performance of broilers. A study was conducted to examine the effects of the progressive addition of an enhancedEscherichia Coli phytase (400–1,600 phytase units; FTU) on growth performance and carcass characteristics from 1 to 42 d of age in male broilers. One thousand four hundred Hubbard × Cobb 500 1-d-old chicks were randomly distributed into 56 floor pens (0.08 m2/bird). Seven dietary treatments were provided in a 3-phase feeding program consisting of (1) a positive control (adequate Ca and nonphytate P; PC); (2) 1 negative control (Ca and nonphytate P reduced by 0.14% and 0.13%; NC); (3 to 6) the NC diet with 4 increasing supplemental phytase concentrations (NC + 400 FTU, NC + 800 FTU, NC + 1,200 FTU, and NC + 1,600 FTU, respectively); and (7) a low-energy NC diet without phytase and xylanase (reduced 66 kcal of AMEn/kg). Body weight gain, feed conversion, mortality, weight and yield of whole carcass, abdominal fat, and pectoralis major and minor muscles were evaluated. Progressive supplementation of phytase decreased cumulative FCR linearly. Broilers fed diets containing 1,600 FTU had heavier total breast meat by 49 g compared with birds receiving the PC diets. Broilers consuming the NC + 400 FTU or the low-energy NC diet had similar growth performance and meat yield compared with birds provided PC diet. These data indicated that phytase supplementation beyond the need for phosphorus enhances growth performance and carcass characteristics. 相似文献
14.
To determine the influence of incubation time, diet, and particle size on Ca and P solubility in vitro, experimental diets were formulated to contain 0.89% Ca and 0.40% available P (positive control; PC) or 0.76% Ca and 0.27% available P (negative control; NC). The PC was supplemented with 0 or 1,000 phytase units (FTU) of microbial phytase/kg and the NC with 0, 1,000, or 5,000 FTU/kg diet of microbial phytase for a total of 5 experimental diets. In Exp. 1, diets were exposed to simulated gastric digestion containing HCl and pepsin for 42 min, or a small intestinal digestion phase containing NaHCO(3) and pancreatin for 60 min. In Exp. 2, diets were ground to pass a 1- or 2-mm screen and exposed to gastric digestion for 5, 10, or 20 min. Phosphorus and Ca solubility were similarly influenced by diet and digestion phase (Exp. 1), and there was no interaction. Phytase supplementation improved (P < 0.001) Ca and P solubility in both the PC and NC diets (Exp. 1) and increased P (P < 0.001) and Ca (P < 0.001) solubility in the gastric phase of the in vitro digestion model (Exp. 2). Phytase continued to release P in the gastric test over time, which resulted in a diet × time interaction (P < 0.05). Calcium solubility reached an asymptote at 5 min and both Ca and P solubility was reduced (P < 0.05) in diets ground to pass a 2 mm screen compared with diets ground to pass a 1-mm screen. In addition, P and Ca solubility did not change over time in diets not supplemented with phytase. In conclusion, phytase or particle size altered the kinetics of Ca and P release in a non-parallel fashion, which may be associated with the precipitation of Ca with phytate and the sequential dephosphorylation of phytate by a microbial 6-phytase. In the presence of phytase, considerable Ca and P hydrolysis occurred within 5 min of a simulated gastric digestion. However, the solubility of Ca and P reached a plateau in the gastric phase of digestion and no further improvements in solubility are apparent in the small intestine. Therefore, absorption of Ca and P may be complicated by conditions within the gastrointestinal tract, particle size, precipitation with anti-nutrients, and differential rates of delivery to the small intestine. 相似文献
15.
1. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of total removal of dietary inorganic phosphorus and reduced energy and protein, without and with phytase supplementation, on the performance, egg quality and bone composition of laying hens. 2. Lohmann pink-shell hens were randomly assigned at 56 weeks of age to 5 treatments for 20 weeks as follows: (1) a positive control (PC) with 155 g CP/kg, 11·09 MJ ME/kg, calcium (Ca) 3·40% and non-phytic phosphorus (NPP) 0·26%, (2) a negative control (NC1) diet based on PC diet with Ca decreased to 3·30% and NPP to 0·14%, (3) NC2 diet was formulated on the basis of NC1 diet with 152·7 g CP/kg, 10·90 MJ/kg, (4) NC1 and (5) NC2 supplemented with phytase (300 FTU/kg) each. 3. Feed intake, hen-day or hen-housed egg production, egg number per hen-housed, and final body weight were depressed with NC1 and NC2 diets, but restored by phytase inclusion. There were no significant differences between the dietary treatments for feed conversion efficiency, rates of cracked and broken eggs, egg-shell thickness or egg-shell strength. Mortality was significantly increased by NC2 diet without phytase. Tibia ash was significantly decreased by both NC1 and NC2 diets. Bone strength, and Ca and P contents in tibia ash were significantly increased by phytase inclusion in the NC1 diet. 4. In conclusion, the NC1 and NC2 diets significantly depressed performance and tibia quality, but the addition of phytase (300 FTU/kg) significantly improved performance and tibia integrity. 相似文献
16.
《The Professional Animal Scientist》2002,18(3):286-292
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding microbial phytase on P availability and feedlot performance of beef steers fed a whole corn-based diet. In Experiment 1, six crossbreed steers were used in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square design. Steers were paired according to BW, and each pair was assigned to one of three treatment groups: 1) 0 FTU phytase [the quantity of phytase needed to hydrolyze 1 μM of inorganic P/min (37.2˚C and pH 5.5)]; 2) 250 FTU phytase; and 3) 500 FTU phytase. Treatments were rotated so that each pair of steers received each treatment for a 20-d period. During the last 5 d of each rotation period, steers were placed in metabolism stalls, and feed and feces were collected for mineral analyses. Apparent digestibilities for P, Ca, Mg, and Cu responded quadratically (P<0.05) as phytase level increased from 0 to 500 FTU. There were no differences in fecal mineral content (DM basis) or Zn apparent digestibility among treatments. In Experiment 2, 288 steers were used in a completely randomized experimental design to evaluate the effects of P and microbial phytase level on feedlot performance, carcass data, and apparent mineral availability. Steers were assigned to one of four treatment gruaps: 1) 0.35% dietary P and 0 FTU phytase, 2) no supplemental dietary P and 0 FTU phytase 3) no supplemental dietary P and 200 FTU phytase, and 4) no supplemental dietary P and 400 FTU phytase. Diets without supplemental dietary P averaged 0.30% P. Each treatment group consisted of six pens of 11 or 12 steers each. Steers from two pens of each treatment were used to assess the apparent digestibility of P, Ca, Mg, Cu, and Zn. Chromic oxide was used as a digestion marker and was fed, in a pellet, to steers in each pen for 17 d. During the last 3 d of each period, feed and feces were collected. There were no significant differences observed among treatments for feedlot performance or slaughter data. Fecal P percentage for steers receiving the 0.35% P and 0 FTU phytase treatment was significantly greater than that for steers receiving the other treatments. Apparent digestibility of Ca and P responded linearly and quadratically (P<0.05) as phytase level increased from 0 to 400 FTU. Magnesium, Cu, and Zn apparent digestibility responded linearly (P<0.10) as phytase level increased. These experiments suggest that supplementing microbial phytase enhanced mineral apparent digestibility in ruminants and that supplementing P did not improve feedlot performance. 相似文献
17.
M. Seynaeve G. Janssens M. Hesta C. Van Nevel R. O. De Wilde 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2000,83(1):36-48
Eight female pigs (26–61 kg) provided with a simple T-cannula about 10 cm proximal to the ileo-caecal valve, were used in two experiments to investigate the effects of Ca/P ratio, P level and supplementation with phytase (500 FTU/kg) on precaecal, post-ileal and total tract disappearances of organic matter (OM), phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca). In experiment 1, two Ca/P ratios and two P levels were tested according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement within a Latin square design. In experiment 2, the diets of experiment 1 were supplemented with phytase (500 FTU/kg). There was a substantial absorption of OM, P and Ca in the post-ileal tract for all diets. Precaecal and total tract disappearances of OM were reduced by phytase addition (−4.4 and −0.8%, respectively). Supplementation with phytase resulted in an improvement of total tract and post-ileal P disappearances by 10.3 and 12.1%, respectively, without affecting precaecal P disappearance. Addition of feed phosphate resulted in a higher precaecal disappearance of P (+10.8%), resulting in a higher total tract disappearance of P (+5.9%). Addition of limestone had little effect on disappearances of OM, P and Ca, but reduced activity of supplemental phytase and had a negative influence on growth performance. Precaecal, post-ileal and total tract Ca disappearances were hardly affected by the examined dietary factors. The results might indicate that P from feed phosphate is absorbed primarily prececally and that P from phytate, liberated by microbial phytases, is dominantly absorbed post-illeally. 相似文献
18.
《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2014,23(2):252-259
An experiment was conducted to evaluate increasing or decreasing concentrations of dietary phytase on growth performance and processing yields of male broilers from 1 to 35 d of age. Treatments consisted of a positive control, a negative control (NC; less 0.14% Ca, 0.13% nonphytate P, and 0.03% Na), and 6 additional treatments based on the NC supplemented with phytase. Treatments 3 through 5 consisted of the NC diet supplemented with 500 phytase units (FTU)/kg of phytase in the starter phase that was either continued throughout the remainder of the study (treatment 3) or increased to 1,500 FTU/kg beginning in the finisher (treatment 4) or grower (treatment 5) phases. Treatment 6 had 1,500 FTU/kg of phytase throughout the study. Treatments 7 and 8 had 1,500 FTU/kg in the starter and decreased to 500 FTU/kg in the finisher or grower phases, respectively. At 35 d of age, broilers fed diets containing 1,500 FTU/kg of phytase had increased BW gain compared with birds fed diets formulated to contain 500 FTU/kg of phytase. Increasing phytase concentration between the starter and grower phases or decreasing phytase concentration between the grower and finisher phases negatively affected FCR from 1 to 35 d of age. Phytase supplementation did not affect weight and yield of carcass characteristics. Therefore, dietary phytase concentration should not be varied throughout production for optimum growth performance. 相似文献
19.
The efficacy of an Escherichia coli-derived phytase preparation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Five experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of an Escherichia coli-derived phytase on phytate-P use and growth performance by young pigs. The first experiment involved time course, pH dependence, and phytase activity studies to investigate the in vitro release of P from corn, soybean meal, and an inorganic P-unsupplemented corn-soybean meal negative control diet. In Exp. 2, which was designed to determine the efficacy of the E. coli-derived vs. fungal phytase-added diets at 0, 250, 500, 750, 1,000, or 1,250 FTU/kg (as-fed basis; one phytase unit or FTU is defined as the quantity of enzyme required to liberate 1 micromol of inorganic P/min, at pH 5.5, from an excess of 15 microM sodium phytate at 37 approximately C) and a positive control diet, eight individually penned 10-kg pigs per diet (12 diets, 96 pigs) were used in a 28-d growth study. The third experiment was a 10-d nutrient balance study involving six 13-kg pigs per diet (four diets, 24 pigs) in individual metabolism crates. In Exp. 4, eight pens (four pigs per pen) of 19-kg pigs per treatment were used in a 42-d growth performance study to examine the effect of adding the E. coli-derived phytase to corn-soybean diets at 0, 500, or 1,000 FTU/kg (as-fed basis) and a positive control (four diets, 128 pigs). In Exp. 5, six 19-kg pigs per treatment were used in a 10-d nutrient balance study to investigate the effects of the E. coli-derived phytase added to diets at 0, 250, 500, 750, or 1,000 FTU/kg (as-fed basis) and a positive control diet (six diets, 36 pigs). The in vitro study showed that the E. coli-derived phytase has an optimal activity and pH range of 2 to 4.5. Inorganic phosphate release was greatest for soybean meal, least for corn, and intermediate for the negative control diet. Dietary supplementation with graded amounts of E. coli-derived phytase resulted in linear increases (P < 0.05) in weight gain, feed efficiency, and plasma Ca and P concentrations in 10-kg pigs in Exp. 2. Phytase also increased P digestibility and retention in the 13-kg pigs in Exp. 3. In Exp. 4, dietary supplementation with E. coli-derived phytase resulted in linear increases (P < 0.05) in weight gain and feed efficiency of 19-kg pigs. Supplementation of the diets of 19-kg pigs with the E. coli-derived phytase also improved Ca and P digestibility and retention in Exp. 5. In the current study, the new E. coli-derived phytase was efficacious in hydrolyzing phytate-P, both in vitro and in vivo, in young pigs. 相似文献
20.
Effect of super dosing of phytase on growth performance,ileal digestibility and bone characteristics in broilers fed corn–soya‐based diets 
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下载免费PDF全文 M. Manobhavan A. V. Elangovan M. Sridhar D. Shet S. Ajith D. T. Pal N. K. S. Gowda 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(1):93-100
A feeding trial was designed to assess the effect of super dosing of phytase in corn–soya‐based diets of broiler chicken. One hundred and sixty‐eight day‐old broilers were selected and randomly allocated to four dietary treatment groups, with 6 replicates having 7 chicks per treatment group. Two‐phased diets were used. The starter and finisher diet was fed from 0 to 3 weeks and 4 to 5 weeks of age respectively. The dietary treatments were consisted of normal phosphorus (NP) group without any phytase enzyme (4.5 g/kg available/non‐phytin phosphorus (P) during starter and 4.0 g/kg during finisher phase), three low‐phosphorus (LP) groups (3.2 g/kg available/non‐phytin P during starter and 2.8 g/kg during finisher phase) supplemented with phytase at 500, 2500, 5000 FTU/kg diet, respectively, to full fill their phosphorus requirements. The results showed that super doses of phytase (at 2500 FTU and 5000 FTU/kg) on low‐phosphorus diet improved feed intake, body weight gain, ileal digestibility (serine, aspartic acid, calcium, phosphorus), blood P levels and bone minerals such as calcium (Ca), P, magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) content. It could be concluded that super doses of phytase in low‐phosphorus diet were beneficial than the normal standard dose (at 500 FTU/kg) of phytase in diet of broiler chicken. 相似文献