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为了明确我国大豆主产区大豆胞囊线虫群体的发生分布及致病性分化情况,同时也为我国大豆胞囊线虫防治及抗病育种工作提供依据,本研究在全国范围内开展大豆胞囊线虫种群监测工作,对2012-2014年国家大豆产业体系的29个大豆试验站所辖150个示范县进行大豆胞囊线虫的种群密度检测,并在国际统一的鉴别寄主上进行生理小种鉴定。明确了大豆胞囊线虫在我国20个省(市/自治区)发生分布,总检出率达69.4%。并对其中11个群体进行生理小种鉴定,共鉴定出生理小种5个,即1、2、3、4和14号生理小种。其中安徽宿州、甘肃镇原、内蒙古赤峰、陕西延安和宁夏银川的鉴定此前未见报道。2012-2014年我国大豆胞囊线虫病害的发生比较严重,平均胞囊量高达99个·L~(-1),我国大豆胞囊线虫致病性分化并无明显变化,鉴定结果中1、3和4号生理小种出现频率较高,为72.7%。 相似文献
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对3个大豆品种辽豆10、PI88788和PI90763子叶展开后同时接种大豆胞囊线虫1号、3号和14号生理小种.分别于接种后6、12、18、24和30 d取样,测定各品种根部丙二醛含量、电解质渗透率以及叶片的叶绿素含量3项生理指标,分析不同大豆品种接种大豆胞囊线虫不同生理小种后生理变化以及各品种与所接种线虫的抗性关系.结果表明:PI88788接种大豆胞囊线虫1号生理小种和PI90763接种14号生理小种后3种生理指标均显著高于对照,而 PI88788接种大豆胞囊线虫3号和14号生理小种后3种生理指标略高于对照;PI90763接种大豆胞囊线虫1号和3号生理小种后3种生理指标略高于对照.试验结果表明PI88788对大豆胞囊线虫3号和14号生理小种具有一定的抗性;PI90763对于大豆胞囊线虫1号和3号生理小种具有一定的抗性.不同大豆品种对大豆胞囊线虫不同生理小种的抗病性与接种SCN后大豆植株内丙二醛含量、电解质渗透率以及叶绿素含量的变化密切相关. 相似文献
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采用辽豆10、PI88788、PI90763,3个品种均同时接种大豆胞囊线虫1号、3号和14号生理小种.测定了大豆胞囊线虫不同生理小种对大豆PAL、POD、PPO、SOD活力的影响,分析不同大豆品种接种大豆胞囊线虫后保护酶活力的变化和抗性关系.结果表明:PI88788接种大豆胞囊线虫3号和14号生理小种后根系中4种酶活性显著高于对照;PI90763接种大豆胞囊线虫1号和3号生理小种后根系中4种酶活性显著高于对照.研究证实不同大豆品种对大豆胞囊线虫不同生理小种的抗病性与接种SCN不同生理小种后大豆根内PAL、POD、PPO、SOD活力的变化密切相关. 相似文献
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为了解育成抗病品种抗性稳定性及胞囊线虫生理小种侵染力的变异,于2005～2008年,应用黑龙江省发生的大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种及已经通过鉴定的抗大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种的品种,哈尔滨小黑豆、灰皮支等8个品种和感病对照品种Lee68为材料,进行抗病基凶对大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种选择作用研究.在盆栽条件下,强迫大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种的群体在抗病品种上繁殖10代,选用5个标准鉴定大豆胞囊线虫生理小种的鉴别品种,重新鉴定经抗病基因选择后的大豆胞囊线虫的生理小种类型.结果表明:原来为3号生理小种的线虫群体,经在抗病品种抗线虫1号、抗线虫2号、抗线虫3号、抗线虫4号、抗线虫5号上连续选择10代之后,变为6号小种;经在厌皮支黑豆上选择之后变为10号小种;经在Peking上选择之后变为14号小种,经在哈尔滨小黑豆上选择之后变为15号小种.上述鉴定结果说明,原大豆胞囊线虫生理种群体,经过在抗病品种上连续强迫繁殖后,形成新的生理小种,并使原扰病品种变为感染品种,认为在生产上采用轮作方式是保持抗线品种抗性稳定性的有效途径. 相似文献
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灰皮支黑豆抗大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种的生理机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以抗感大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种品种灰皮支黑豆(ZDD2315)和辽豆15为材料,室内人工接种大豆胞囊线虫,接种后5、10、15、20、25、30 d取样,测定抗感品种接种与未接种根内丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量的动态变化,初步明确灰皮支黑豆抗大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种的生理机制.结果表明:大豆受大豆胞囊线虫侵染后,抗病品种灰皮支黑豆根内丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖含量低于感病品种辽豆15,而可溶性蛋白含量高于感病品种辽豆15. 相似文献
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五寨黑豆对大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种的抗性遗传分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种是东北大豆产区分布最广、危害最大的生理小种,五寨黑豆对包括大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种在内的7个生理小种具有高抗性。以黑龙江省主栽品种合丰35为母本,与五寨黑豆进行杂交,通过鉴定F_2、F_3代对大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种的抗性,研究了五寨黑豆对大豆胞囊线虫抗性遗传。结果表明:在以合丰35为遗传背景下,五寨黑豆对SCN 3号生理小种的抗、感分离比例符合孟德尔遗传规律中1∶3的分离比例,表明五寨黑豆对SCN 3号生理小种的抗性是由1对隐性基因控制。 相似文献
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《大豆科学》2020,(1)
大豆抗胞囊线虫的表型鉴定工作量较大,鉴定结果易受环境影响,是抗源筛选和抗病品种选育的限制因素之一。不受时间、环境限制的分子标记鉴定为抗病鉴定提供了一种高效快捷准确简单的鉴定方法。为筛选可用于抗大豆胞囊线虫4号生理小种分子标记引物,本研究采用基因型鉴定和人工接种鉴定相结合的方法鉴定193份大豆资源的大豆胞囊线豆抗性。以部分高抗大豆资源和高感资源为材料,对1 000对SSR引物进行初筛,用初筛获得的引物扩增193份抗、感大豆资源,筛选抗胞囊线虫4号生理小种(SCN 4)SSR标记引物,用于大豆抗胞囊线虫4号生理小种分子标记辅助鉴定。结果表明:筛选出4个与大豆胞囊线虫4号生理小种相关的SSR标记,分别为Satt400、Satt680、Satt533和Satt504。Satt400、Satt680、Satt533和Satt504对感病资源的检出率均为100%,对抗病资源的检出率分别为70.58%、63.15%、92.3%和57.14%。结合人工接种鉴定结果显示,4个标记组合鉴定可提高对胞囊线虫4号生理小种抗性的选择效率,达100%。经人工接种鉴定,从193份资源中筛选出12份抗病资源,其中10份资源为高抗,2份资源为中抗。这12份抗源的4个SSR标记带型均为抗病带型,其余感病和高感资源的4个SSR标记带型则至少有一个为感病带型。因此,利用分子标记评价抗感特性的标准为被1个或1个以上的感病带型检出的资源为感病资源,当4个标记均为抗病带型,该资源为抗病资源。利用该引物组合对山西省种质库提供的100份资源进行鉴定。筛选出4份抗源,人工接种鉴定结果表明,黑豆、小颗黑和晋1265(茶)3份资源抗性级别为高抗,大黑豆抗性级别为中抗。因此,该引物组合可有效辅助鉴定大豆对胞囊线虫4号生理小种的抗性。 相似文献
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辽宁省大豆胞囊线虫生理分化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2007～2008年,对采自辽宁省14个市22个县(区)的42份大豆胞囊线虫土样,应用Golden等的方法和鉴别寄主 Pickett、Peking、P188788、P190763和Lee,于2008年5-9月在室外避雨棚内进行盆栽生理小种鉴定.根据鉴定结果并结合文献资料,绘制出了辽宁省大豆胞囊线虫生理小种分布图共鉴定了14份土样、3个生理小种,即1号、3号和6号生理小种,其中6号生理小种在辽宁省首次发现.1号生理小种分布在铁岭市昌图县;3号生理小种分布在大连市庄河、盘锦市大洼县、锦州市北镇、本溪满族自治县、葫芦岛市南票区、阜新蒙古族自治县、鞍山市岫岩县、沈阳中东陵区、辽阳市刘二堡镇、丹东市凤城县和抚顺市清原县;6号生理小种分布在朝阳市喀左县和营口市盖州.伞省以3号生理小种分布最广,为优势小种. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
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Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献
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Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献