共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 328 毫秒
1.
针对黄河滩区土壤重金属污染、来源复杂的问题，该研究以原阳滩区复合污染土壤为例，结合土壤重金属含量空间分布和正定矩阵因子分解（positive matrix factorization, PMF）模型，探讨滩区土壤重金属富集特征及来源。源解析结果表明，原阳滩区土壤重金属污染受工业源、交通源、自然来源、燃煤污染源和农业源影响，农业源占主导，相对贡献率达23.5%，其次为工业源、自然来源、交通源、和燃煤污染源。该研究能够准确解析多金属复合土壤复杂成因，可为黄河滩区多金属复合污染土壤的污染源识别提供参考。 相似文献
2.
三峡库区消落区表层土壤重金属污染评价及源解析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
三峡库区是我国重要的水源地, 研究库区水陆交错带消落区内土壤重金属污染程度并解析其来源,对水库的水环境和土壤环境具有重要意义。本研究采用地质累积指数, 对三峡库区消落区175 m 水位蓄水前12 个采样区表层68 个土样的土壤重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg、As 和Cr 污染进行评价, 结果表明: 整个研究区不受Cr 污染, 研究区70%以上面积不受Pb、Cu 和Zn 污染; 研究区As 污染最严重, 其次为Cd 和Hg。利用因子分析法对这7 种重金属来源进行解析的结果表明, 库区消落区土壤重金属源可分为2 大类别:“自然因子”类别元素(Cr、Pb、Cu 和Zn)和“工业污染因子”类别元素(Hg、As 和Cd)。消落区表层土壤重金属污染评价及源解析可为消落区生态环境的综合治理提供参考。 相似文献
3.
新疆准东煤田土壤重金属来源分析及风险评价 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
为研究准东矿区土壤重金属来源及生态风险,分析了阜康市至准东矿区中间的3个缓冲区共27个土壤样方的As,Hg,Pb,Cr,Cu,Zn元素重金属含量状况,并利用因子分析、污染指数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对各缓冲区土壤重金属进行了污染来源及风险分析。结果表明:除Cr的总体平均值高于新疆土壤背景值外,其余重金属含量均低于背景值。基于土壤重金属空间分布图显示,除Cu,Hg含量高值分布于C区域土壤外,其余重金属高值均出现在准东矿区(A区域)附近土壤,3个区域各重金属所占比例基本一致,距离矿区越远,变异系数呈减少趋势;污染源分析可知,准东矿区89.3%的Hg来源于煤炭燃烧,40.1%的Pb来源于交通运输,19.65%的As来源于大气降尘,Cu和Cr的主要来源为煤尘,其贡献率分别为60.23%和81.57%,其中29.7%的Cu来源于土壤母质,75.1%的Zn来源于土壤母质;基于污染指数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对不同缓冲区土壤污染风险进行了评价,得出土壤整体呈轻度-中度污染水平,距离矿区越远重金属污染状况越轻。As,Hg,Pb和Cr元素生态风险均呈现缓冲区区域A区域B区域C的趋势,距离矿区越远,生态风险越低。潜在生态风险指数与重金属单因子生态风险的大小顺序一致。 相似文献
4.
随随着以多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（MC-ICP-MS）为代表的高精度质谱分析技术的革命性突破,稳定同位素的研究取得了跨越式发展。重金属稳定同位素成为了示踪土壤环境介质中重金属地球化学循环的有效工具,在识别污染来源、解析关键过程、跟踪环境行为等方面展现出极大的应用潜力。从同位素基本概念出发,系统介绍了利用重金属稳定同位素示踪土壤环境重金属污染的来源与归趋、土壤-植物体系重金属元素的迁移转化以及金属纳米颗粒的环境过程等方面的研究进展,并进一步总结了氧化还原、沉淀溶解、吸附解吸、络合反应、生物作用等影响重金属稳定同位素分馏的相关机制,最后针对当前应用和研究现状,提出了拓展稳定同位素示踪重金属环境行为的潜在研究方向和研究内容,对土壤重金属污染防治及修复具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
5.
贵州万山汞矿区某农田土壤重金属污染特征及来源解析 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
研究采集万山汞矿区典型农田土壤样品,分析测试其Hg、As、Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni含量,利用综合污染指数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法评估农田土壤的污染状况及生态风险,结合相关分析和主成分分析解析农田土壤中重金属的来源。结果表明,该农田土壤Hg、As、Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni的平均含量分别为4.29、117.6、0.43、59.06、48.99、43.77、29.13、18.80 mg kg~(-1)。土壤重金属综合污染指数为7.16,表明该农田土壤重金属重度污染,其中100%的位点Hg、As重度污染,66.7%的位点Pb轻度污染,25%的位点Cd轻度污染。土壤重金属的综合潜在生态危害指数为469.0,生态风险强,Hg对综合潜在生态危害指数的贡献率为78.30%,是该农田土壤生态风险的主要来源。该农田中重金属的来源包括:交通运输源、矿业污染源、农业污染源和自然活动源,主要污染物Hg来源于矿业活动,As来源于交通运输和矿业活动,Cd来源于农业活动,Pb来源于交通运输。 相似文献
6.
为研究天水市樱桃园土壤重金属污染的空间分布特征,实地采集0~20 cm土壤样品,测定重金属Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn含量,并运用多元统计分析等方法定量分析了研究区土壤表层重金属污染程度。结果表明:以甘肃省土壤背景值作为评价标准,除Cd元素外,其他元素的均值都超过了甘肃省土壤背景值;从土壤重金属元素空间分布格局来看,研究区东北部土壤重金属污染较西南部严重;从土壤重金属元素污染源来看,造成樱桃园土壤重金属污染最主要的因素为成土母质、农药;5种重金属元素均存在不同来源的污染,污染来源不单一,属于混合源污染。 相似文献
7.
柠檬酸对鱼腥草吸收累积铅锌矿区土壤中重金属的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
采用矿区实地田间试验,通过外源添加柠檬酸(1mmol/kg,3mmol/kg,6mmol/kg和9mmol/kg)处理,研究鱼腥草对重金属复合污染土壤Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr和Cu 5种重金属元素的吸收累积特性,并确定最佳的柠檬酸调控浓度。结果表明,柠檬酸添加浓度为1mmol/kg时能显著促进鱼腥草生物量的提高,比对照增产11.64%,其他处理浓度的柠檬酸对鱼腥草生物量有抑制作用,但不显著;柠檬酸处理能显著提高鱼腥草对Pb、Zn、Cd和Cr这4种重金属元素的吸收累积能力,对Pb和Zn吸收累积能力大于Cd和Cr,对Cu的吸收累积无明显促进作用。但当柠檬酸添加浓度为1mmol/kg时每667m2鱼腥草提取Pb、Zn、Cr和Cu的量分别比对照增加了35.16%,34.39%,59.00%和18.93%,对Cd无明显促进作用。鱼腥草在矿区重金属复合污染土壤上能正常生长,并对多种重金属胁迫具有一定的耐受能力和吸收累积能力,可用于矿区重金属复合污染土壤的植物修复。 相似文献
8.
县域尺度土壤重金属污染特征及源解析——以赵县为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究采集赵县表层土壤样品,检测其Cr、Cd、Hg、Pb、Ni、Zn、Cu和As含量,采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗指数法对赵县土壤的重金属污染状况进行评价,引用受体模型UNMIX模型对土壤中重金属来源进行解析。结果表明:(1)土壤中Cr、Cd、Hg、Pb、Ni、Zn、Cu和As平均含量分别为69.29、0.17、0.06、22.21、27.75、71.73、34.07、8.58 mg kg~(-1);(2)单因子污染指数结果表明,Cu元素的超标率为24.10%,且有3个重度污染位点,污染程度最严重;内美罗指数结果表明赵县东北部谢庄乡和范庄镇是污染主要区域,北部前大章乡和韩村镇处于安全水平,其余地区处于警戒水平;(3)土壤中重金属污染源包括"土壤源"、"农药源"、"交通-污灌源",其中,"交通-污灌源"是赵县土壤重金属污染的主要污染源,各类重金属元素含量均较高,"农药源"对东北部地区影响较大,说明污灌、交通和大量使用农药等人为活动是造成赵县表层土壤重金属污染的主要因素。 相似文献
9.
《农业环境与发展》2021,(3)
为探明湖南锡矿山矿区周边土壤重金属污染程度及重金属在优势植物中的分布,通过野外调查,分析锡矿山地区土壤重金属的含量、来源、生态风险及重金属在优势植物中的富集和迁移情况。结果表明,锡矿山土壤中重金属Sb、Cd和Hg的平均值远超湖南省土壤背景值,超标率均达到100%。来源分析表明,Sb、Hg、Zn、Cd、Pb、As主要受人为活动的影响,但重金属污染来源不完全一致,存在复合污染。生态风险评价结果显示,Sb、Cd和Hg是锡矿山地区极高的生态风险因子,62.50%的样点具有极高生态风险。健康风险评价结果显示,经口摄入是土壤重金属暴露的主要途径,且儿童受到的非致癌和致癌风险均高于成人。Sb和As分别是主要的非致癌和致癌健康风险因子。苎麻对As、Sb的富集系数和转移系数值均大于1,且在重度污染地区的根系滞留率低于其他6种优势植物。研究表明,锡矿山地区存在较高程度的生态风险和健康风险,苎麻具有较高的修复矿区土壤重金属潜力,可作为锡矿山地区重金属污染的修复植物。 相似文献
10.
应用物元分析法评价矿区周边土壤重金属污染的变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为分析煤矿开采对土壤重金属污染水平的影响,尝试利用物元分析和主成分分析(PCA)方法对宿州市矿区周边土壤重金属污染水平进行评价。结果表明:(1)煤矿开采、堆放对土壤重金属污染具有重要影响,与非矿区背景值相比,Cr含量达到非矿区土壤背景值的2~4.17倍,Cd含量达到非矿区土壤背景值的1~3.05倍,Pb和Cu含量达到非矿区土壤背景值的2倍左右,As的含量略高于非矿区土壤背景值。(2)综合关联度结果显示,土壤重金属污染在100 m处未达到轻度污染的标准要求,但具备向轻度污染转化的条件;200 m和400 m处分别达到轻度污染和清洁等级要求,但隶属该等级的程度不强,且随着距离增大土壤重金属含量和污染程度均在下降。(3)物元模型能够揭示每个土壤重金属元素的分异信息和综合评价的中间信息,适用于土壤重金属污染水平评价。 相似文献
11.
Bin Cui Meilin Zhu Yang Jiang Yanxue Jiang Hongbin Cao 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(8):1456-1468
Purpose
Frequent mining activities and higher background values in soil have led to the contamination of the sediments of some rivers in southwest China by several metals and arsenic (As). This study combined multivariate analysis with geochemical approaches to differentiate mining activity from other sources, which may aid to evaluate the effectiveness of reducing mining release.Materials and methods
Sixteen sediment samples were collected along the Yuan River, China. The total concentrations of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), and As were measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). The Pb isotopic composition was measured using a thermal ionization mass spectrometer (TIMES). Both geochemical approaches and multivariate statistical analysis were used to identify the sources of these metals. The fractionation of Pb was determined through a Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure to aid the identification of the sources.Results and discussion
The concentrations and enrichment factors (EFs) of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, and As in the middle reach of the river were higher than those at the other sites, indicating anthropogenic sources. The factor analysis (FA) extracted “mining and smelting,” “mixture of anthropogenic and natural,” and “natural” factors. The Pb isotope composition of metal ores was similar (206Pb/207Pb?<?1.190 and 208Pb/206Pb?>?2.023) to that found in the sediments in the middle reach, indicating anthropogenic sources of mining activities. Compared with the narrow ranges of the δ34S ratios in the bedrock (+8.5 to +9.3?‰) and the metal ores (?1.4 to +1.9?‰), the sediment samples presented a relatively wide range of δ34S ratios from ?2.6 to +9.2?‰ with a mean of +2.6?‰, which suggests a mixed composition. The BCR sequential extraction procedure revealed that the proportion of the extractable fraction in the sediments in the middle reach was higher than that in other sites, suggesting anthropogenic sources as the cause of contamination in the study area.Conclusions
Lead, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Hg, and As are mainly derived from natural materials in the upstream region. In the middle reach, these elements are the result of anthropogenic activities, particularly activities associated with the mining industry. In the downstream region, the origin of these elements is considered to be a mixture of anthropogenic and natural sources. In addition to geochemical approaches and multivariate statistical analysis, the BCR sequential extraction method is an effective procedure for the identification of the anthropogenic sources of sediment-associated metals. 相似文献12.
Diane Saint-Laurent Julien St-Laurent Patricia Duplessis Luc Lavoie 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,209(1-4):451-466
Current and past industrial pollution leaves many traces in the environment, in particular along rivers in industrial and urban areas. The isotopic analysis of the lead found in soils and tree rings offers a kind of environmental archive for presenting a portrait of the pollutant distribution in the environment in both spatial and temporal terms. This study is an attempt to identify and compare the source of contamination found in soils and tree rings located along two rivers affected by pollution over several years. Specifically, the focus is on the pattern of lead concentrations and lead isotopic signatures (206Pb/207Pb, 208Pb/206Pb, and 206Pb/204Pb) detected in soils and tree rings located on polluted floodplains. The concentration of Pb in overbank sediments does not rise with the increasing distance downstream from the point source (mining area), suggesting that significant fluvial transport of the pollutant particles over 80 km is involved. For the soil profiles, Pb concentration levels range between 12.32 and 149.13 mg/kg, with the highest concentrations found at the base of the profiles (>1 m). For the lead isotope ratios in the soil profiles, the values obtained range from 0.851 to 0.872 (206Pb/207Pb), 2.081 to 2.111 (208Pb/206Pb), and 0.547 to 0.562 (206Pb/204Pb). The tree ring analysis of red ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) shows average lead concentrations of 0.63 μg/g, and the lead values of all the tree specimens range between 0.03 and 11.38 μg/g. Pb concentrations varied greatly between the specimens in selected sites and lead isotope ratios in the tree rings showed a strong variability in the time series, particularly from 1945 to 1970. The greater number of variations in the lead concentration rates and isotopic ratios suggest that many more events associated with pollution and contamination have in fact occurred in this area. The study demonstrates the utility of combining stable isotope analyses (soils and tree rings) to examine the source and dispersion of contaminant Pb in fluvial systems by providing reliable and robust indicators for the detection of environmental changes on a local and regional scale. 相似文献
13.
Evaluation and source identification of trace element contamination of soils in the Qixia lead-zinc mining area,Jiangsu, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Zongwei Ma Tiantian Li Changsheng Qu Jun Bi Lei Huang 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(10):1703-1712
Purpose
The Qixia mine is one of the largest lead-zinc mines in Eastern China and has been operational for approximately 60 years. Source identification for trace element contamination of soils in the Qixia mining area has been lacking. This report details the evaluation and source identification of trace element contamination (including Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr, As, and Ni) of soils in this area.Materials and methods
Thirty-three soil samples from roadsides and fields in the study area were collected and analyzed. The index of geo-accumulation (I geo) was employed to evaluate contamination. Methods of multivariate statistical analysis were used to determine the probable sources of the pollutants.Results and discussion
The analysis showed that the levels of contamination ranked in the following order: Cd > Pb/Zn> > As/Cu> > Hg > Cr/Ni. In the sampling area nearest the mine, soil samples collected from roadsides showed much higher levels of contamination than those collected from fields away from the roadways. Trace element contamination decreased as the distance from the mine increased. Contamination extended to a distance of approximately 700 m from mineral transportation routes, with the area of greatest impact at 200 m or less. Multivariate statistical analysis and ore composition data suggest that the Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and As found in the soil samples originate from anthropogenic sources. Ni and Cr are considered to be at natural background concentrations.Conclusions
This study distinguished between natural and anthropogenic sources of trace element contamination in the soils of the Qixia mining area. The contamination of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and As is linked to the mining activities and is likely due to the transportation of ore concentrates and tailings. 相似文献14.
15.
Due to the lack of regulation and environmental education and awareness, Sepahanshahr located in vicinity of Isfahan City, central Iran, is now a rapid growing residential area suffering from the considerable consequences of poorly regulated mining activities operating in its vicinity. A survey was carried out on soil Pb, Zn and Cd concentrations around Sepahanshahr Town to explore the spatial structure of Pb, Zn and Cd distribution and to map their concentrations using geostatistical techniques. 100 near-surface soil samples were collected and analyzed for Pb, Zn and Cd and some related soil physical and chemical variables such as pH, organic matter content, electrical conductivity, and clay, silt and sand contents. The variography results showed a strong spatial dependency in heavy metals concentration due to the dilution effects of natural factors including atmospheric dispersion and precipitation. The almost same range values calculated for both ln-transformed Pb and sand data suggested presence of spatial co-regionalization. However, ln-transformed Zn data showed a shorter spatial dependency among the three tested heavy metals. Kriged maps of all three heavy metals showed a strong gradient of contamination around the three mining sites activating in the area. The results of this study provide insight into identification of the extent and spatial variability of Pb, Zn and Cd pollution in the mining sites and surrounding urban areas. 相似文献
16.
小秦岭某金矿区农田土壤重金属污染评价 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：18
小秦岭金矿区是中国第二大产金区,金矿开采、选冶活动会将重金属释放到环境中,对土壤环境造成污染。本研究系统采集了133件农田土壤样及邻区非矿业活动区的土壤对照样,结果表明,研究区农田土壤中Hg、Pb、Cd污染明显。以邻区表层土壤重金属含量作为对比评价矿区土壤污染的对比值,除Cr外,Hg、Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn、As累积超标率分别为96.90%、100%、60.10%、12.03%、78.90%、69.17%。Hg、Pb、Cu、Zn、Cd超过国家土壤环境质量二级标准的样本超标率分别为43.16%、12.8%、7.52%、3.01%、2.25%。土壤重金属综合污染指数表明,36.08%的土壤样本受到了轻度以上污染。Hg是农田土壤中最主要的重金属污染物,超标倍数均值为4.71,受Hg污染的农田面积为136.3km2,占到研究区面积的51.76%。土壤污染极其严重,矿区环境污染治理迫在眉睫。 相似文献
17.
18.
小麦籽粒铅污染来源的同位素解析研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以中国西北地区某工业区为研究区域,采集大气降尘、耕层土壤样品(0～20 cm),及对应农田位置的小麦籽粒样品,用电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)测定铅元素质量比及铅同位素比率值。运用普通块克里金法(Ordinary Kriging)预测大气铅沉降通量分布、耕层土壤和小麦籽粒铅质量比空间分布;结合二元混合模型计算各污染源对小麦籽粒铅质量比的贡献率。结果表明:1)耕层土壤铅质量比范围为21.8～40.0 mg/kg,平均值为27.1 mg/kg,高于当地土壤背景值(21.4 mg/kg),说明耕层土壤受到一定程度的污染。2)研究区域小麦籽粒铅质量比范围为0.269～0.768 mg/kg,平均值为0.430 mg/kg,超标率达100%。3)大气降尘和耕层土壤对小麦籽粒铅质量比的贡献率分别为90%～99%和1%～10%。通过研究耕层土壤和小麦铅污染的范围及程度,探讨小麦籽粒铅污染的来源,解析各污染源的相对贡献率,可为制定控制食品中重金属污染,保障食品安全措施提供依据。 相似文献
19.
拉林河流域土壤重金属污染特征及来源解析 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
该文选取拉林河流域表层土壤为研究对象,通过对土壤重金属的含量和空间分布分析、污染评价、以及潜在生态风险评价,了解土壤重金属的分布特征和污染现状,并利用正定矩阵因子分解法（PMF）探索土壤重金属污染的来源。结果表明,表层土壤中Cr、As、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni、Mn、V的平均含量均低于背景值,Co和Se略微高于背景值,部分土壤样点Cd和Ni超过国家土壤环境质量标准的二级标准。研究区土壤污染的主要金属元素为Cd和Hg,地累积指数表明受到污染的样品比例分别达到45.1%和37.0%,其潜在生态危害指数平均值分别为49.83和70.29。根据PMF计算结果,拉林河流域表层土壤重金属累积主要受自然源、农药肥料源、工业排放源的影响。其中,自然本底对研究区土壤中重金属的影响最大,贡献率为38.0%,其次是农药和肥料施用,贡献率为32.6%,燃煤和工业排放源的贡献率稍低,为29.4%。 相似文献